South Carolina Line

Last updated

The South Carolina Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term "South Carolina Line" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to South Carolina at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.

Contents

Units belonging to the State Line

Siege of Charleston Sullivans-island-1050x777.jpg
Siege of Charleston
Christopher Gadsden Christopher Gadsden.jpg
Christopher Gadsden
William Moultrie William Moultrie portrait.jpg
William Moultrie
Isaac Huger Isaac Huger.jpg
Isaac Huger
Thomas Sumter ThomasSumterByRembrandtPeale.jpg
Thomas Sumter

The following units belonged to the South Carolina State troops initially and were transferred to the Continental Army on the dates indicated. The original commanders, their ranks, and the dates the units were established and disbanded are included. [1] [2]

UnitDate establishedDisbandedContinental Line, DateOriginal Commander, RankRef
1st Regiment (Infantry) June 6, 1775May 12, 1780Yes, November 4, 1775 Christopher Gadsden, Col [3]
2nd Regiment (Infantry) June 6, 1775May 12, 1780November 4, 1775 William Moultrie, Col [4]
3rd Regiment (Rangers) June 6, 1775May 12, 1780July 24, 1776William Thomson, LTC [5]
4th Regiment (Artillery) November 14, 1775May 12, 1780June 18, 1776Owen Roberts, LTC [6]
5th Regiment (Rifles) February 22, 1776Feb. 1780March 25, 1776 Isaac Huger, Col [7]
6th Regiment (Rifles) February 28, 1776Feb. 1780March 25, 1776 Thomas Sumter, LTC [8]

All of the State Troops that became Continental Line were effectively decimated during the Siege of Charleston—either by action or by surrender on May 12, 1780.

Engagements

Between July 1775 and May 1780, the six regiments participated in engagements in South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. [1]

South Carolina Line Engagements by Regiment
DateBattle/SkirmishState1st2nd3rd4th5th6th
Jul. 9, 1775 Bloody Point SCx
Jul. 12, 1775 Fort Charlotte SCx
Sep. 15, 1775 Fort Johnson SCxx
Sep. 18, 1775 Battle of Sullivan's Island SCxx
Oct. 31, 1775 Congaree River SCx
Nov. 3, 1775Mine CreekSCx
Nov. 11-12, 1775Hog Island ChannelSCx
Nov. 19-21, 1775 Ninety-Six SCx
Dec. 22, 1775 Battle of Great Cane Brake SCx
Dec. 23-30, 1775 Snow Campaign SCx
Jun. 26, 1776Cherokee Indian TownsSCx
Jun. 28, 1776Breach Inlet Naval BattleSCx
Jun. 28, 1776Fort MoultrieSCx
Jun. 28, 1776 Battle of Fort Moultrie/Sullivan's Island SCxxxxx
Jul. 15, 1776 Lyndley's FortSCx
Jul. 21, 1776Spencer's InletSCx
Aug. 1, 1776Seneca TownSCxxx
Aug. 8-11, 1776Cherokee TownsSCxxx
Aug. 10, 1776Tugaloo RiverSCx
Aug. 12, 1776TamasseeSCxx
Aug. 12, 1776The Ring FightSCx
Sep. 1776  St. Augustine ExpeditionFLxx
Sep. 19, 1776 Coweecho RiverNCx
Oct. 14, 1776Altamaha RiverGAx
Feb. 23 - Mar. 15, 1777 Fort McIntoshGAx
Mar. 7, 1778 Barbados SCx
May - July 1778Florida ExpeditionSCx
Dec. 29, 1778 SavannahGAxxxx
Jan. 6-10, 1779 Fort MorrisGAxx
Feb. 1, 1779Fort LytteltonSCx
Feb. 3, 1779 Battle of Beaufort/Port Royal Island SCxxxxx
Feb. 21, 1779GeorgetownSCx
Mar. 3, 1779  Battle of Brier/Briar Creek GAxxxx
Mar. 6, 1779GeorgetownSCx
Apr. - Jul. 1779 Prevost's MarchSCx
Apr. - May, 1779 Prevost's March on CharlestonSCx
Apr. 19, 1779SavannahGAx
Apr. 29, 1779PurrysburgSCx
May 1779Prevost's March on CharlestonSCx
May 3, 1779 CoosawhatchieSCxxx
May 11–13, 1779Charleston NeckSCxxx
Jun. 20, 1779 Battle of Stono Ferry SCxxxxx
Jul. 21, 1779 Ebenezer GAx
Jul. 23, 1779Savannah RiverSCx
Sep. 16 - Oct. 18, 1779 Siege of Savannah GAxxxxxx
Mar. 12, 1780Two Sisters' FerrySCx
Mar. 28 - May 12, 1780 Siege of Charleston SCxxxx
Mar. 29-30, 1780Gibbes' PlantationSCx
Apr. 8, 1780 Sullivan's Island SCx
Apr. 12, 1780Sullivan's IslandSCx
Apr. 25, 1780Sullivan's IslandSCx
May 2, 1780Haddrell's PointSCx
May 7, 1780 Fort Moultrie SCx

See also

Related Research Articles

The 2nd North Carolina Regiment was an American infantry unit that was raised for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. In 1776 the regiment helped defend Charleston, South Carolina. Ordered to join George Washington's main army in February 1777, the regiment subsequently fought at Brandywine and Germantown during the Philadelphia Campaign. After most other North Carolina regiments were sent home to recruit, the 1st and 2nd Regiments remained with the main army and fought at Monmouth in June 1778. The regiment was transferred to the Southern Department and was captured by the British army in May 1780 at the Siege of Charleston. Together with the 1st Regiment, the unit was rebuilt and fought capably at Eutaw Springs. The 2nd was furloughed in April 1783 and officially dissolved in November 1783.

The 4th North Carolina Regiment was authorized on January 16, 1776 and established on April 15, 1776 at Wilmington, North Carolina for service with the Continental Army Southern Department under the command of Thomas Polk. The regiment saw action at the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston. The regiment was captured by the British Army at Charlestown, South Carolina, on May 12, 1780. The regiment was disbanded on January 1, 1783.

The North Carolina Light Dragoons Regiment was raised on April 13, 1775 at Wilmington, North Carolina, first as provincial troops, then as state troops, then for service with the Continental Army, and finally returned as a State Troop Regiment. On April 16, 1776, the General Assembly authorized the creation of three companies of NC Light Dragoons. These are first considered to be Provincial Troops then State Troops. On March 7, 1777, these companies were placed on the North Carolina Continental Line. All companies of North Carolina Light Dragoons were removed from the Continental Line on January 1, 1779 and ordered to disband. The North Carolina General Assembly decided to retain these units, but it took them several months to figure out how best to employ them. Between February and June of 1779, they were assembled into a new Regiment of State Troops under ex-Continental Col. François Malmédy, who had marched south with Major General Benjamin Lincoln in late 1778.

The 1st South Carolina Regiment (Infantry) was authorized on June 6, 1775, at Charleston, South Carolina, for service with the South Carolina State Troops. On November 4, 1775, the unit was adopted into the Continental Army and on February 27, 1776 was assigned to the Southern Department. The regiment saw action at the Siege of Savannah and the Siege of Charleston. The British Army captured the regiment at Charleston on May 12, 1780, together with the rest of the Southern Department.

The 2nd South Carolina Regiment was raised on June 6, 1775, at Charleston, South Carolina, for service with the Continental Army.

The 3rd South Carolina Regiment was an infantry regiment of the South Carolina Line during the American Revolutionary War. Raised in the western part of South Carolina, the regiment fought in the Siege of Savannah and the Siege of Charleston, surrendering to British forces in the latter.

The 4th South Carolina Regiment was raised on November 13, 1775, at Charleston, South Carolina, for service with the South Carolina Troops and later became part of Continental Army.

The 5th South Carolina Regiment was raised on February 22, 1776, at Charleston, South Carolina, for service with the South Carolina Troops and later assigned to the Continental Army. The regiment saw action at the Siege of Savannah. The regiment was merged into the 1st South Carolina Regiment on February 11, 1780.

The 6th South Carolina Regiment was authorized on 28 February 1776 in the South Carolina State Troops and was organized during the spring of 1776 as five companies of volunteers from the northwestern region of the colony of South Carolina. It may have been composed exclusively of expert riflemen from the colony.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Carolina Line</span> Colonial North Carolina militia units within the Continental Army

The North Carolina Line refers to North Carolina units within the Continental Army. The term "North Carolina Line" referred to the quota of infantry regiments assigned to North Carolina at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.

The Hillsborough District Brigade of militia was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia established on May 4, 1776. Brigadier General Thomas Person was the first commander. Companies from the eight regiments of the brigade were engaged in 55 known battles and skirmishes in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia during the American Revolutionary War. It was active until the end of the war.

The Salisbury District Brigade was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War (1776–1783). This unit was established by the Fourth North Carolina Provincial Congress on May 4, 1776, and disbanded at the end of the war.

The Mecklenburg County Regiment was authorized on May 31, 1775 by the Province of North Carolina Congress. From November 7, 1779 until the 3rd Quarter of 1780, it was called the 1st Mecklenburg County Regiment when a 2nd Mecklenburg County Regiment existed. The 1st Mecklenburg County regiment was engaged in 39 known battles and skirmishes against the British during the American Revolution in North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia between 1776 and 1781. It was active until the end of the war.

The Edenton District Brigade was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War (1776–1783). This unit was established by the North Carolina Provincial Congress on May 4, 1776, and disbanded at the end of the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halifax District Brigade</span> Military unit

The Halifax District Brigade was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War (1776–1783). This unit was established by the North Carolina Provincial Congress on May 4, 1776, and disbanded at the end of the war.

The Wilmington District Brigade was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War (1776–1783). This unit was established by the North Carolina Provincial Congress on May 4, 1776, and disbanded at the end of the war.

North Carolina state troops in the American Revolution were the initial military units created in a transition from the Province of North Carolina under British rule to independence from British rule. Most units did not last long as such and were either transferred to the Continental Army or state militia instead.

References

  1. 1 2 Lewis, J.D. "South Carolina in the America Revolution, Provincial and State Troops" . Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  2. Heitman, Francis B. (1914). Historical Register of the Officers of the Continental Army During the War of the Revolution. p. 54. ISBN   9780806301761., via Google Books
  3. Lewis, J.D. "SC 1st Regiment (Infantry)". carolana.com. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  4. Lewis, J.D. "SC 2nd Regiment (Infantry)". carolana.com. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  5. Lewis, J.D. "SC 3rd Regiment (Rangers)". carolana.com. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  6. Lewis, J.D. "SC 4th Regiment (Artillery)". carolana.com. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  7. Lewis, J.D. "SC 5th Regiment (Rifles)". carolana.com. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  8. Lewis, J.D. "SC 6th Regiment (Rifles)". carolana.com. Retrieved December 26, 2019.