Voter caging involves challenging the registration status of voters and calling into question the legality of allowing them to vote. Usually it involves sending mail directly to registered voters and compiling a list from mail returned undelivered. Undeliverable mail is seen as proof that the person no longer resides at the address on their voter registration. The resultant list is then used by election officials to purge names from the voter registration rolls or to challenge voters' eligibility to vote on the grounds that the voters no longer reside at their registered addresses.
The Iowa Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa. The Court is composed of a chief justice and six associate justices.
Doe v. Bolton,410 U.S. 179 (1973),was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States overturning the abortion law of Georgia. The Supreme Court's decision was released on January 22,1973,the same day as the decision in the better-known case of Roe v. Wade.
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England,546 U.S. 320 (2006),was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving a facial challenge to New Hampshire's parental notification abortion law. The First Circuit had ruled that the law was unconstitutional and an injunction against its enforcement was proper. The Supreme Court vacated this judgment and remanded the case,but avoided a substantive ruling on the challenged law or a reconsideration of prior Supreme Court abortion precedent. Instead,the Court only addressed the issue of remedy,holding that invalidating a statute in its entirety "is not always necessary or justified,for lower courts may be able to render narrower declaratory and injunctive relief."
Diane Pamela Wood is an American attorney who serves as the director of the American Law Institute,a senior circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit,and a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School.
Vernon Angus Jones is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001 and from 2017 to 2021.
David Frank Hamilton is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. He was previously a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana. On March 17,2009,he became President Barack Obama's first judicial nominee when he was named for a seat on the Seventh Circuit. He was confirmed by the Senate on November 19,2009,in a 59–39 vote.
James Leon Dennis is an American lawyer,jurist,and former politician serving as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit,with chambers in New Orleans,Louisiana.
The legality of abortion in the United States and the various restrictions imposed on the procedure vary significantly depending on the laws of each state or other jurisdiction. Some states prohibit abortion at all stages of pregnancy with few exceptions,others permit it up to a certain point in a woman's pregnancy,while others allow abortion throughout a woman's pregnancy. In states where abortion is legal,several classes of restrictions on the procedure may exist,such as parental consent or notification laws,requirements that patients be shown an ultrasound before obtaining an abortion,mandatory waiting periods,and counselling requirements.
Brian Porter Kemp is an American politician serving since January 2019 as the 83rd governor of Georgia. A member of the Republican Party,Kemp served as the 27th secretary of state of Georgia from 2010 to 2018,and as a member of the Georgia State Senate from 2003 to 2007.
Carlton Wayne Reeves is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and chair of the United States Sentencing Commission.
Stacey Yvonne Abrams is an American politician,lawyer,voting rights activist,and author who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2007 to 2017,serving as minority leader from 2011 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party,Abrams founded Fair Fight Action,an organization to address voter suppression,in 2018. Her efforts have been widely credited with boosting voter turnout in Georgia,including in the 2020 presidential election,when Joe Biden narrowly won the state,and in Georgia's 2020–21 regularly scheduled and special U.S. Senate elections,which gave Democrats control of the Senate.
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Georgia since the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges on June 26,2015. Attorney General Sam Olens announced that Georgia would "adhere to the ruling of the Court",and the first couple married just one hour after the ruling was handed down. Previously,Georgia had banned same-sex marriage both by statute and its State Constitution.
James Chiun-Yue Ho is a Taiwanese-born American jurist who serves as a U.S. circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was nominated to the Fifth Circuit by President Donald Trump,and took office in 2018. Ho formerly served as Solicitor General of Texas from 2008 to 2010.
Steven Daniel Grimberg is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
The Georgia House Bill 481 was an American anti-abortion law passed in 2019 that sought to prevent physicians in the U.S. state of Georgia from performing abortions beyond six weeks,except in special situations. The bill was strongly criticized and,notably,many celebrities in Hollywood threatened to boycott the state of Georgia if it were passed. Passed in 2019,it was initially ruled unconstitutional in July 2020. That ruling was reversed,however,in July 2022.
Abortion in Georgia is legal up to the detection of an embryonic heartbeat,which typically begins in the 5th or 6th week after the onset of the last menstrual period (LMP) or in two to three weeks after implantation. This law came into force on July 20,2022,almost a month after the U.S. Supreme Court's Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization,No. 19-1392,597 U.S. ___ (2022) ruling. In 2007,mandatory ultrasound requirements were passed by state legislators. Georgia has continually sought to legislate against abortion at a state level since 2011. The most recent example,2019's HB 481,sought to make abortion illegal as soon as an embryonic heartbeat can be detected;in most cases that is around the six-week mark of a pregnancy. Many women are not aware they are pregnant at this time. An injunction was issued against this bill by a federal judge,who ruled that it contravened the Supreme Court's 1973 ruling. A poll conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2014 found that 49% of Georgians believed abortions should be illegal in all or most cases vs 48% legal in all or most cases.
In direct response to election changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 United States presidential election in Georgia;the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign launched numerous civil lawsuits contesting the election processes of Georgia. All of these were either dismissed or dropped.
Allen v. Milligan,599 U. S. 1 (2023),is a United States Supreme Court case related to redistricting under the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA). The appellees and respondants argued that Alabama's congressional districts discriminated against African-American voters. The Court ruled 5–4 that Alabama’s districts likely violated the VRA,maintained an injunction that required Alabama to create an additional majority-minority district,and held that Section 2 of the VRA is constitutional in the redistricting context.
The 157th Georgia General Assembly convened its first session on January 9,2023 at the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta,which adjourned sine die on March 29;as stipulated in the Constitution of Georgia,the General Assembly can only hold a session "for a period of no longer than 40 days in the aggregate each year". On October 26,2023,a special session was called by Governor Brian Kemp for November 28,2023,to redraw congressional and legislative maps which were approved in the previous General Assembly.
