 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(April 2023) |
| Sturma Corps Usturma Kolordusu | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1912– |
| Country | Ottoman Empire |
| Allegiance | Western Army |
| Size | Corps |
| Garrison/HQ | Usturma (Struma) |
| Patron | Sultans of the Ottoman Empire |
The Struma Corps or Usturma Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Usturma Kolordusu) was one of the corps under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in Ustruma (Struma) area during the First Balkan War.
On October 19, 1912, the detachment was structured as follows: [1]
 | This Ottoman Empire–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League against the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan states' combined armies overcame the initially numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, achieving rapid success.
The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 (O.S.) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913. Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked, entering Bulgaria. With Bulgaria also having previously engaged in territorial disputes with Romania and the bulk of Bulgarian forces engaged in the south, the prospect of an easy victory incited Romanian intervention against Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire also took advantage of the situation to regain some lost territories from the previous war. When Romanian troops approached the capital Sofia, Bulgaria asked for an armistice, resulting in the Treaty of Bucharest, in which Bulgaria had to cede portions of its First Balkan War gains to Serbia, Greece and Romania. In the Treaty of Constantinople, it lost Adrianople to the Ottomans.
The Second Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the late 19th century during Ottoman military reforms.
The Battle of Merhamli was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire which took place on 14/27 November 1912. After a long chase throughout Western Thrace the Bulgarian troops led by General Nikola Genev and Colonel Aleksandar Tanev surrounded the 10,000-strong Kırcaali Detachment under the command of Mehmed Yaver Pasha. Attacked in the surrounding of the village Merhamli, only a few of the Ottomans managed to cross the Maritsa River. The rest surrendered in the following day on 28 November.
The Bulgarian Second Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.
The Monastir offensive was an Allied military operation against the forces of the Central Powers during World War I, intended to break the deadlock on the Macedonian front by forcing the capitulation of Bulgaria and relieving the pressure on Romania. The offensive took the shape of a large battle and lasted for three months and ended with the capture of the town of Monastir. On an average depth of 50 kilometers, the Bulgarian First Army gave battle on six occasions and was forced to retreat five times.
The I Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army consisting of ethnic Albanians. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms
The II Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.
The III Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.
The V Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.
The X Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.
The Dardanelles Fortified Area Command or Mediterranean Strait Fortified Area Command or Çanakkale Fortified Area Command was the Ottoman fortified area command and was formed to defend against attacks on the Dardanelles from the Aegean Sea.
The Firzovik Detachment of the Ottoman Empire was one of the detachments under the command of the Ottoman Vardar Army of the Western Army. It was formed in Firzovik area during the First Balkan War.
The Taşlıca Detachment of the Ottoman Empire was one of the Detachment under the command of the Ottoman Vardar Army of the Western Army. It was formed in Taşlıca area for the defense of the Sanjack of Yenipazar during the First Balkan War.
The İpek Detachment of the Ottoman Empire was one of the Detachment under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in İpek area during the First Balkan War.
The Yanya Corps or Independent Yanya Corps of the Ottoman Empire was one of the major formations under the command of the Ottoman Western Army. It was formed in Yanya area during the First Balkan War. Its commander was Esat Pasha. It fought the battles of Gribovo and Pente Pigadia against the Greek Army of Epirus. Pushed back to the Yanya Fortified Area, it held out against two Greek assaults but was eventually defeated and capitulated at the Battle of Bizani in 4–6 March 1913.
The Vardar Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies under the command of the Western Army. It was formed during the mobilisation phase of the First Balkan War.
The Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the mobilization phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces. On October 29, 1912, it was reorganized and renamed as the First Eastern Army.
The Karadağ Border General Forces Corps of the Ottoman Empire was an ad hoc corps under the command of the Ottoman Western Army during the First Balkan War. It was formed in the vicinity of Yakova (Gjakova) and Pirzerin (Prizren) with remnant units of İpek Detachment and Priştine Detachment and its headquarters was established in Derbe-i Bala (Debar) on November 9, 1912.
The Chataldja Army or Çatalca Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed after Ottoman retreat to the Chataldja line during the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces. It was organized from units of dissolved First Eastern Army and Second Eastern Army on November 7, 1912.