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This article concerns the period 499 BC – 490 BC.
This article concerns the period 529 BC – 520 BC.
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The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire based in Western Asia that was founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. It reached its greatest extent under Xerxes I, who conquered most of northern and central ancient Greece. At its greatest territorial extent, the Achaemenid Empire stretched from the Balkans and Eastern Europe in the west to the Indus Valley in the east. The empire was larger than any previous empire in history, spanning a total of 5.5 million square kilometres.
The nine familial exterminations or nine kinship exterminations or execution of nine relations, also known by the names zuzhu and miezu, was the most severe punishment for a capital offense in premodern China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. A collective form of kin punishment typically associated with offenses such as treason, the punishment involved the execution of all relatives of an individual, which were categorized into nine groups. Nine exterminations were often done by slow slicing. The occurrence of this punishment was somewhat rare, with relatively few sentences recorded throughout history.
References
- 1 2 Rollin, C.:"The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians ..., Volume 3, London 1735, p.396-98"
- ↑ Valerius Maximus, 9.2
- 1 2 For Maccabee description, see: George D'Oyly and Richard Mant: "The Holy Bible: With Notes, Explanatory and Practical... Together ..., Volum 2" Oxford 1818, page xcvii and xvii
- ↑ Täubel, Gottlob (1796). Allgemeines Historienbuch von den Merkwurdigsten Entdeckungen fremder ehedem ganz unbekannter Länder und Inseln [General history book of the most remarkable discoveries of foreign formerly completely unknown countries and islands.] (in German). Vienna: Gottlob Täubel. pp. 206–07. Retrieved 2014-01-22.