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Capgras delusion or Capgras syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend, spouse, parent, another close family member, or pet has been replaced by an identical impostor. It is named after Joseph Capgras (1873–1950), the French psychiatrist who first described the disorder.
Facial perception is an individual's understanding and interpretation of the face. Here, perception implies the presence of consciousness and hence excludes automated facial recognition systems. Although facial recognition is found in other species, this article focuses on facial perception in humans.
Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing and intellectual functioning remain intact. The term originally referred to a condition following acute brain damage, but a congenital or developmental form of the disorder also exists, with a prevalence of 2.5%. The brain area usually associated with prosopagnosia is the fusiform gyrus, which activates specifically in response to faces. The functionality of the fusiform gyrus allows most people to recognize faces in more detail than they do similarly complex inanimate objects. For those with prosopagnosia, the method for recognizing faces depends on the less sensitive object-recognition system. The right hemisphere fusiform gyrus is more often involved in familiar face recognition than the left. It remains unclear whether the fusiform gyrus is specific for the recognition of human faces or if it is also involved in highly trained visual stimuli.
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Eyewitness memory is a person's episodic memory for a crime or other witnessed dramatic event. Eyewitness testimony is often relied upon in the judicial system. It can also refer to an individual's memory for a face, where they are required to remember the face of their perpetrator, for example. However, the accuracy of eyewitness memories is sometimes questioned because there are many factors that can act during encoding and retrieval of the witnessed event which may adversely affect the creation and maintenance of the memory for the event. Experts have found evidence to suggest that eyewitness memory is fallible.
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On 4 March 2018, Sergei Skripal, a former Russian military officer and double agent for the British intelligence agencies, and his daughter, Yulia Skripal, were poisoned in the city of Salisbury, England. According to UK sources and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), they were poisoned by means of a Novichok nerve agent. Both Sergei and Yulia Skripal spent several weeks in hospital in a critical condition, before being discharged. A police officer, Nick Bailey, was also taken into intensive care after attending the incident, and was later discharged.
On 30 June 2018, in Amesbury, two British nationals, Charlie Rowley and Dawn Sturgess, were admitted to Salisbury District Hospital in Wiltshire, England. Police determined that they were poisoned by a Novichok nerve agent of the same kind used in the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, 8 miles (13 km) away, almost four months prior. Sturgess died on 8 July, and Rowley regained consciousness two days later.
Alexander Yevgenyevich Mishkin is a doctor in the Russian General Staff's Main Directorate, the military intelligence service of the Russian Federation.
References
- ↑ Russell, Richard; Duchaine, Brad; Nakayama, Ken (April 2009). "Super-recognizers: People with extraordinary face recognition ability". Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 16 (2): 252–257. doi:10.3758/PBR.16.2.252. PMC 3904192 . PMID 19293090.
- ↑ Dahl, Melissa (13 August 2020). "What Does It Mean If You're Really Really Good at Recognizing Faces?". The Cut. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Moshakis, Alex (11 November 2018). "Super recognisers: the people who never forget a face". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
- ↑ "I put names to faces as a police super-recogniser" . www.ft.com. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ↑ Ramon, Meike; Bobak, Anna K.; White, David (August 2019). "Super‐recognizers: From the lab to the world and back again". British Journal of Psychology. 110 (3): 461–479. doi:10.1111/bjop.12368. PMC 6767378 . PMID 30893478.
- ↑ Barry, Ellen (6 September 2018). "From Mountain of CCTV Footage, Pay Dirt: 2 Russians Are Named in Spy Poisoning". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- ↑ Keefe, Patrick Radden (15 August 2016). "The Detectives Who Never Forget a Face". The New Yorker . Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- ↑ "Super Recognisers". Crime + Investigation. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
- ↑ Jaslow, Ryan (27 September 2013). "London police using 200 super-recognizers: What makes them "super"?". CBS News. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ↑ Hopkins, Nick; Harding, Luke; MacAskill, Ewen (6 August 2018). "UK poised to ask Russia to extradite Salisbury attack suspects". the Guardian.
- ↑ Brunt, Martin (28 August 2018). "Super recogniser squad tracks Skripal novichok attackers". news.sky.com.
- ↑ "Jeder zweite Verdächtige wiedererkannt – dank »Super-Recogniser«" [One in two suspects identified - thanks to 'super recognisers']. Der Spiegel (in German). 25 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- ↑ Robertson, David James (24 March 2016). "Could super recognisers be the latest weapon on the war on terror?". The Conversation . Retrieved 31 August 2021.