Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan

Last updated
Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR
Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Republic

Азәрбајҹан ССР Али Совети
Azərbaycan Respublikasının Ali Soveti (Azerbaijani)
Верховный Совет Азербайджанской ССР
Верховный Совет Азербайджанской Республики
(Russian)
Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1956-1991).svg Azerbaijan SSR (1938–1991)
Flag of Azerbaijan 1918.svg Azerbaijan (1991–1995)
Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR.svg Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg
Emblem before (left) and after (right) the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Type
Type
History
Established24 June 1938
Disbanded12 November 1995
Preceded by Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Succeeded by National Assembly
Leadership
Chairman
Elections
Last election
1990
Meeting place
The building of National Assembly of Azerbaijan.jpg
Building of the Supreme Soviet, Baku

The Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR [lower-alpha 1] , later renamed as the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Republic [lower-alpha 2] [lower-alpha 3] from 1991 until its abolition in 1995, was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Azerbaijan SSR, and later the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 1994, the Supreme Soviet was renamed to the National Assembly and was officially disbanded in 12 November 1995 when a semi-presidential system was implemented. [2]

Contents

History

During the last session of Azerbaijani Parliament on April 27, 1920 under pressure of the Bolshevik Russian 11th Red Army and ultimatum from Caucasian Committee of the Russian Communist Party which invaded Azerbaijan, the deputies decided to disband the government in favour of the Bolsheviks to avoid bloodshed. Once the Bolsheviks took over, they abolished all structures of the Azerbaijani government and established the Azerbaijan Interim Revolutionary Committee administered by Azerbaijani communists Nariman Narimanov, Aliheydar Garayev, Gazanfar Musabekov, Hamid Sultanov and Dadash Bunyadzade. The Bolsheviks dissolved the Azerbaijani Army, executed its generals and officers, and nationalized private industries.

In May 1921, the first All-Azerbaijan Soviet Session made up of newly elected deputies from all regions of Azerbaijan convened in Baku. The elected deputies were mainly drawn from poor, uneducated, unprepared factory workers and villagers which facilitated complete rule from Moscow.[ citation needed ] The first session established the Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee consisting of 75 members and its board with 13 members. From 1921 through 1937, nine sessions of All-Azerbaijan Soviets were convened. In 1937, during the 9th session of the All-Azerbaijani Soviets a new Azerbaijan SSR Constitution was ratified and the new legislative body the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR was established.

The first elections to Supreme Soviet took place on June 24, 1938. Out of 310 deputies elected, 107 were workers, 88 collective farmers and 115 educated civil servants. 72 of the deputies were women. [3] Due to the authoritarian nature of Soviet rule where most new initiatives were met with hostility, the parliament was virtually ineffective. Due to multiple reforms and restructuring in the government of the Azerbaijan SSR in the 1970s–1980s, the role of the Supreme Soviet increased. Many legislative reforms including the ratification of the new Azerbaijan SSR Constitution of 1977 took place. After the demands of the Armenian SSR to transfer the NKAO region of Azerbaijan to Armenia, the parliament was largely passive and indifferent. On October 18, 1991 the Supreme Soviet passed a resolution confirming the restoration of the independence of Azerbaijan. [4]

Convocations

Chairmen

No.PictureName

(Birth–Death)

Took officeLeft officePolitical party
Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet
1 Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR (1937-1940).svg Mir Teymur Yagubov

(1904–1970)

18 July 19387 April 1941 CPSU
2 Aliev i Topchibashev (cropped2).png Aziz Aliyev

(1896–1962)

7 April 19416 March 1944 CPSU
3 SultanKafarzade.jpg Sultan Gafarzade

(1908–1955)

6 March 194422 March 1947 CPSU
4 Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR (1940-1978).svg Yusif Yusifov

(1906–1995)

22 March 194726 March 1951 CPSU
5 Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR (1940-1978).svg Aghamirza Ahmadov

(1905–1964)

26 March 195118 April 1953 CPSU
6 Mustafa Topchubashev.jpg Mustafa Topchubashov

(1895–1981)

18 April 195325 March 1955 CPSU
7 Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR (1940-1978).svg Abdulla Bayramov

(1912–1977)

25 March 195523 January 1958 CPSU
8 myrz brhymwf.jpg Mirza Ibrahimov

(1911–1993)

23 January 195825 March 1959 CPSU
9 Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR (1940-1978).svg Gazanfar Jafarli

(1920–?)

25 March 195926 November 1959 CPSU
10 Ali Taghi-Zade Alioghly (1883-1966).jpg Ali Taghizade

(1883–1966)

26 November 195929 March 1963 CPSU
11 M@mm@d Arif.jpg Mammad Dadashzade

(1904–1975)

29 March 19635 April 1967 CPSU
12 Mustafa Topchubashev.jpg Mustafa Topchubashov

(1895–1981)

5 April 19671 July 1971 CPSU
13 Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR.svg Suleyman Rustamzade

(1906–1989)

1 July 197110 June 1989 CPSU
14 Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR.svg Elmira Gafarova

(1934–1993)

18 May 19905 March 1992 CPSU
15 Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg Yagub Mammadov

(born 1941)

5 March 199218 May 1992None
16 Isa Gambar.jpg Isa Gambar

(born 1957)

18 May 199215 June 1993 Musavat
17 Inauguration of Heydar Aliyev.jpg Heydar Aliyev

(1923–2003)

15 June 19935 November 1993 New Azerbaijan Party
18 Rasul Guliyev in 2012 (2).jpg Rasul Guliyev

(born 1947)

5 November 199312 November 1995None

See also

Notes

  1. Azerbaijani: Азәрбајҹан ССР Али Совети, romanized: Azərbaycan SSR Ali Soveti
    Russian: Верховный Совет Азербайджанской ССР, romanized: Verkhovnyy Sovet Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR
  2. Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Ali Soveti
    Russian: Верховный Совет Азербайджанской Республики, romanized: Verkhovnyy Sovet Azerbaydzhanskoy Respubliki
  3. Sometimes translated as Supreme Council of the Azerbaijan Republic

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References

  1. Toy parliament until September 1990
  2. Азәрбајҹан мәтбуат салнамәси (in Russian). Палатасы. 1984.
  3. "The Supreme Council of the Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1991)". The Supreme Council of the Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1991). Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  4. "Milli Məclisin tarixi. Azərbaycan SSR Ali Soveti (1920-1991-ci illər)" [The history of Milli Majlis. Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1991)]. Retrieved 2010-12-01.