Suriya Evans-Pritchard Jayanti is a British-American energy entrepreneur and energy policy expert, journalist, and lawyer. She is a regular contributor to TIME Magazine and other print and television media outlets on energy issues and Ukraine topics. She is the co-founder and managing director of Eney LLC, a U.S.-Ukrainian diversified clean energy company, along with former long-time CEO of Naftogaz of Ukraine Andriy Kobolyev. [1] She is also a Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council think tank. [2] She came into the public eye during the first impeachment of President Donald J. Trump after being subpoenaed to testify in her capacity as a U.S. diplomat at the U.S. Department of State who served as the Energy Unit Chief at the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. She did not ultimately testify. With the February 24, 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia, she became a regular commentator on Ukrainian and energy affairs, known for her pro-Ukrainian viewpoint.
Jayanti was born in Los Angeles to Vikram Jayanti, a documentary filmmaker and son of Dharma Teja Jayanti, and Dr. Deirdre Evans-Pritchard, an anthropologist and the daughter of Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard.
Jayanti attended the Thacher School in California before beginning university at L'Universite du Notre Dame du Louaize in Beirut, Lebanon. She graduated from Claremont McKenna College in California and received a J.D. from American University's Washington College of Law, where she was an editor on the Law Review. Following a clerkship, she received a LL.M. from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium. [3]
In 2021, Jayanti and former long-time CEO of Naftogaz of Ukraine Andriy Kobolyev founded Eney LLC to draw upon their collective energy and Ukraine expertise to invest in clean power projects in Eastern Europe. [1] Beginning with the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Jayanti became a regular feature in articles and television programs covering Ukraine, and especially Ukraine's energy sector. She has also published extensively on European and global energy issues. [4]
Jayanti worked as a freelance reporter for the Daily Star in Beirut, Lebanon. [5] She also worked as an organizational evaluator conducting an efficacy study of First 5 LA, a quasi-governmental funding initiative to improve the well being of California children under the age of five. [6]
Following law school, she clerked for Chief Judge Eric T. Washington of the D.C. Court of Appeals. [4] She also worked in the energy and regulatory practice at Hunton & Williams, LLC, in Brussels, Belgium.
Jayanti served in the U.S. Foreign Service from 2012-2020. Prior to her 2018-2020 tour in Ukraine, she served as a political officer in Kuwait working on Islamism, Muslim Brotherhood, tribal, Gulf Cooperation Council, and domestic Kuwaiti political issues. She also served in Nassau, The Bahamas, Baghdad, Iraq, and in Washington, DC, where she worked on 5G, data protection, and Huawei policy.
Jayanti served as the Energy Unit Chief at the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv from 2018 to 2020 during the tenure of Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch. During that time, she led U.S. engagement in the Ukrainian energy sector. This included working to instill and reinforce corporate governance and anti-corruption measures at Ukraine's state-owned natural gas monopoly, Naftogaz. She was responsible for negotiating on behalf of the U.S. on Ukrainian gas sector reforms, particularly the unbundling of Naftogaz, and oversaw for the U.S. issues including gas transit negotiations between Naftogaz and Russia's Gazprom. She also worked to stop the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline, a project which then President Donald Trump opposed.
In 2018, Naftogaz became the target of plans by Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman, who wanted to remove the CEO Andriy Kobolyev so a replacement might support their business ambitions in the Ukrainian gas sector. [7] In this effort, they enlisted the help of Rudy Giuliani. [8] Former Secretary of Energy Rick Perry was at the same time also pressuring the Ukrainian government for leadership changes at the top of Naftogaz, as well as seeking business opportunities for U.S. energy companies, including those with which he had associations. [9] [10] [11]
Jayanti was reportedly briefed on Giuliani, Parnas, and Fruman's plans by a U.S. gas trader working in Ukraine. [9] She was also briefed by several Naftogaz officials. In May 2019, Amos Hochstein, then on the Naftogaz Supervisory Board and formerly Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs and Deputy Assistance Secretary of State for Energy, briefed Jayanti on President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's concerns about pressure from Giuliani to investigate the Bidens. [12]
On July 25–26, Jayanti served as the control officer for Ambassador Gordon Sondland during his visit to Ukraine, which David Holmes testified publicly about during the impeachment hearings. [13] Jayanti did not testify. During that visit, Sondland met with Andriy Yermak, aide to President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, to pressure him to announce an investigation into the Bidens. [14] Sondland also called President Trump at a resutarant in Kyiv during a lunch organized and attended by Jayanti, during which he is reported to have discussed "the investigations." [15]
Jayanti was subpoenaed on October 16, 2019 to appear for the impeachment hearings. She was originally scheduled to be deposed on October 25, 2019, but this was postponed indefinitely.
Victoria Ann Toensing is an American attorney, Republican Party operative and with her husband, Joseph diGenova, a partner in the Washington law firm diGenova & Toensing. Toensing and diGenova frequently appeared on Fox News and Fox Business channels, until diGenova used a November 2019 appearance to spread conspiracy theories about George Soros, leading to widespread calls for him to be banned from the network. In 2019, Toensing and diGenova began representing Ukrainian oligarch Dmitry Firtash in his efforts to block extradition to the United States under a federal indictment and became embroiled in the Trump–Ukraine scandal. The couple has worked with Rudy Giuliani in support of President Donald Trump beginning in 2018, and was named to join a legal team led by Giuliani to overturn the results of the 2020 United States presidential election in which Trump was defeated.
Naftogaz of Ukraine is the largest national oil and gas company of Ukraine. It is a state-owned company subordinated to the Government of Ukraine. The vertical-integrated company carries out a complete cycle of exploration operations and development of deposits, operating and exploratory drilling, extraction, transportation, and refinement of natural gas and crude oil, supply of natural and liquefied gas to consumers.
William Brockenbrough Taylor Jr. is an American diplomat, government official, and former military officer. He served as the 6th United States ambassador to Ukraine from 2006 to 2009 under Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, and as chargé d’affaires to Ukraine from June 2019 to January 2020 under President Donald Trump.
Marie Louise "Masha" Yovanovitch is a Canadian-American former diplomat and retired senior member of the United States Foreign Service. She served in multiple State Department posts, including Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (2004–2005), U.S. Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan (2005–2008), U.S. Ambassador to Armenia (2008–2011), Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (2012–2013), and Ambassador to Ukraine (2016–2019). Yovanovitch is a diplomat in residence at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University. On January 31, 2020, it was reported that she had retired from the State Department.
Kurt Douglas Volker is an American diplomat who served as George W. Bush's last U.S. Ambassador to NATO. Later he served as executive director of the McCain Institute for International Leadership and in a volunteer capacity as Donald J. Trump's U.S. Special Representative for Ukraine until his resignation on September 27, 2019.
Dmytro Vasylovych Firtash is a Ukrainian businessman who heads the board of directors of Group DF. He was highly influential during the Yushchenko administration and the Yanukovych administration. As a middleman for the Russian natural gas giant Gazprom and with connections to the Kremlin, Firtash funneled money into the campaigns of pro-Russian politicians in Ukraine. Firtash obtained his position with the agreement of Russian president Vladimir Putin and, according to Firtash, Russian organized crime boss Semion Mogilevich.
Gordon David Sondland is an American businessman. He is the founder and chairman of Provenance Hotels. Sondland is a lifetime member of the Council on Foreign Relations and served as the United States Ambassador to the European Union from 2018 to 2020. In November 2019, he testified as a witness at the impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump. After refusing to resign, Sondland was fired by Trump on February 7, 2020, two days after the conclusion of Trump's impeachment trial.
Andríy Kóbolyev is a Ukrainian politician and businessman, and the former chief executive officer of Ukrainian largest company, the state-owned oil and gas company Naftogaz. In October 2014, Kobolyev was named a global "Top 40 under 40" leader by Fortune in recognition of his anti-corruption reform successes.
Healy Baumgardner is an American political advisor who advised Donald Trump in his 2016 presidential campaign.
Joseph diGenova is an American lawyer and political commentator who served as the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia from 1983 to 1988. He and his wife, Victoria Toensing, are partners in the Washington, D.C., law firm diGenova and Toensing. He is known for promoting conspiracy theories about the Department of Justice and the FBI. He and Toensing frequently appeared on Fox News and Fox Business channels, until diGenova used a November 2019 appearance to spread conspiracy theories about George Soros, leading to widespread calls for him to be banned from the network.
The Trump–Ukraine scandal was a political scandal that arose primarily from the discovery of U.S. President Donald Trump's attempts to coerce Ukraine into investigating his political rival Joe Biden and thus potentially damage Biden's campaign for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential nomination. Trump enlisted surrogates in and outside his administration, including personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr, to pressure Ukraine and other governments to cooperate in supporting and legitimizing the bogus Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory and other conspiracy theories concerning US politics. Trump blocked payment of a congressionally-mandated $400 million military aid package, in an attempt to obtain quid pro quo cooperation from Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Contacts were established between the White House and government of Ukraine, culminating in a call between Trump and Zelenskyy on July 25, 2019.
The inquiry process which preceded the first impeachment of Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States, was initiated by then-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi on September 24, 2019, after a whistleblower alleged that Donald Trump may have abused the power of the presidency. Trump was accused of withholding military aid as a means of pressuring newly elected president of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky to pursue investigations of Joe Biden and his son Hunter and to investigate a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, not Russia, was behind interference in the 2016 presidential election. More than a week after Trump had put a hold on the previously approved aid, he made these requests in a July 25 phone call with the Ukrainian president, which the whistleblower said was intended to help Trump's reelection bid.
Igor Fruman is a Soviet-born American businessman. He is an associate of Rudy Giuliani who, along with Lev Parnas, aided in a search in Ukraine for detrimental information on U.S. President Donald Trump's political opponents. This included looking for evidence for a narrative to counter Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation and information on former Vice President Joe Biden. He pleaded guilty to an unrelated campaign finance law violation in September 2021 and was sentenced to a one-year prison term in January 2022.
Lev Parnas is a Soviet-born American businessman and former associate of Rudy Giuliani. Parnas, Giuliani, Igor Fruman, John Solomon, Yuriy Lutsenko, Dmytro Firtash and his allies, Victoria Toensing and Joe diGenova, were involved in creating the false Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory, which is part of the Trump–Ukraine scandal's efforts to damage Joe Biden. As president, Donald Trump said he did not know Parnas nor what he was involved in; Parnas insisted Trump "knew exactly what was going on".
Alexander Semyon Vindman is a retired United States Army lieutenant colonel who was the Director for European Affairs for the United States National Security Council (NSC) until he was reassigned on February 7, 2020. Vindman is currently director for a think tank, the Institute for Informed American Leadership (IIAL). Vindman came to national attention in October 2019 when he testified before the United States Congress regarding the Trump–Ukraine scandal. His testimony provided evidence that resulted in a charge of abuse of power in the first impeachment of Donald Trump.
David Holmes is an American diplomat who served as a counselor for political affairs at the U.S. Embassy in Ukraine circa 2019-2020. He is at Georgetown University School of Foreign Service as Senior State Department Fellow, as of 2022.
The first impeachment of President Donald Trump occurred on December 18, 2019. On that date, the House of Representatives adopted two articles of impeachment against Trump: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. On February 5, 2020, the Senate voted to acquit Trump on both articles of impeachment.
The first impeachment trial of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, began in the U.S. Senate on January 16, 2020, and concluded with his acquittal on February 5. After an inquiry between September and November 2019, President Trump was impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives on December 18, 2019; the articles of impeachment charged him with abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. It was the third impeachment trial of a U.S. president, preceded by those of Andrew Johnson and of Bill Clinton.
The Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory is a series of false allegations that Joe Biden, while he was vice president of the United States, improperly withheld a loan guarantee and took a bribe to pressure Ukraine into firing prosecutor general Viktor Shokin to prevent a corruption investigation of Ukrainian gas company Burisma and to protect his son, Hunter Biden, who was on the Burisma board. As part of efforts by Donald Trump and his campaign in the Trump–Ukraine scandal, which led to Trump's first impeachment, these falsehoods were spread in an attempt to damage Joe Biden's reputation and chances during the 2020 presidential campaign, and later in an effort to impeach him.
This is a timeline of major events in second half of 2019 related to the investigations into the myriad links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies that are suspected of being inappropriate, relating to the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. It follows the timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections before and after July 2016 up until election day November 8, and the transition, the first and second halves of 2017, the first and second halves of 2018, and the first half of 2019, but precedes that of 2020 and 2021.
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