General Hisham M. Jaber Āl Safa is a retired Lebanese Major General and a prominent military expert,political commentator,and researcher. He served extensively in the Lebanese Army,ultimately serving as military commander of Beirut. Post-retirement,he has emerged as a highly sought-after analyst on military and political affairs in Lebanon and the broader Middle East region.
The Blue Line is a demarcation line dividing Lebanon from Israel and the Golan Heights. It was published by the United Nations on 7 June 2000 for the purposes of determining whether Israel had fully withdrawn from Lebanon. It has been described as "temporary" and "not a border,but a “line of withdrawal”. It is the subject of an ongoing border dispute between Israel,Lebanon,and Hezbollah.
Naftogaz of Ukraine is the largest national oil and gas company of Ukraine. It is a state-owned company subordinated to the Government of Ukraine. The vertical-integrated company carries out a complete cycle of exploration operations and development of deposits,operating and exploratory drilling,extraction,transportation,and refinement of natural gas and crude oil,supply of natural and liquefied gas to consumers.
Lebanon's position in the 2006 Israel–Lebanon conflict from the start was to disavow the Hezbollah shelling and raid on 12 July,while calling for an immediate ceasefire and the withdrawal of all Israeli forces from Lebanese territory.
The funding of Hezbollah comes from Lebanese business groups,private persons,businessmen,the Lebanese diaspora involved in African diamond exploration,other Islamic groups and countries,and the taxes paid by the Shia Lebanese. Hezbollah says that the main source of its income comes from its own investment portfolios and donations by Muslims.
United States energy independence is the concept of eliminating or substantially reducing import of petroleum to satisfy the nation's need for energy. Some proposals for achieving energy independence would permit imports from the neighboring nations of Canada and Mexico,in which case it would be called North American energy independence. Energy independence is espoused by those who want to leave the US unaffected by global energy supply disruptions and would restrict reliance upon politically unstable states for its energy security.
Israel–Lebanon relations have experienced ups and downs since their establishment in the 1940s.
The Pickens Plan is an energy policy proposal announced July 8,2008,by American businessman T. Boone Pickens. Pickens wanted to reduce American dependence on imported oil by investing approximately $US1 trillion in new wind turbine farms for power generation,which he believed would allow the natural gas used for power generation to be shifted to fuel trucks and other heavy vehicles with Compressed natural gas. Pickens stated that his plan could reduce by $300 billion (43%) the amount the country spends annually on foreign oil.
New Energy for America was a plan led by President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden beginning in 2008 to invest in renewable energy sources,reduce reliance on foreign oil,address global warming issues,and create jobs for Americans. The main objective of the New Energy for America plan was to implement clean energy sources in the United States to switch from nonrenewable resources to renewable resources. The plan led by the Obama Administration aimed to implement short-term solutions to provide immediate relief from pain at the pump,and mid- to- long-term solutions to provide a New Energy for America plan. The goals of the clean energy plan hoped to:invest in renewable technologies that will boost domestic manufacturing and increase homegrown energy,invest in training for workers of clean technologies,strengthen the middle class,and help the economy.
Daniel Benjamin "Dan" Shapiro is an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Israel from 2011 to 2017. He was nominated by President Barack Obama on March 29,2011,and confirmed by the Senate on May 29. He was sworn in as ambassador by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on July 8,2011. Previously,he was the senior director for the Middle East and North Africa on the United States National Security Council. As an Obama administration political appointee,Shapiro was ordered on January 5,2017,to resign upon the inauguration of President Donald Trump. On August 30,2021,President Joe Biden appointed Shapiro as a special liaison to Israel on Iran.
Daniel Merson Kammen is an American scientist,renewable energy expert,and former government figure. He currently serves as Distinguished Professor of Energy in the Energy and Resources Group at the University of California,Berkeley,and holds a dual appointment at the university's Energy and Resources Group and the Goldman School of Public Policy.
Gebran Gerge Bassil is a Lebanese politician who is the leader of the Free Patriotic Movement since 2015 and leader of the Strong Lebanon bloc in the Lebanese parliament since 2018. A Maronite Christian,he is the son-in-law of President Michel Aoun,and has been his most senior advisor since 2005.
The climate change policy of the United States has major impacts on global climate change and global climate change mitigation. This is because the United States is the second largest emitter of greenhouse gasses in the world after China,and is among the countries with the highest greenhouse gas emissions per person in the world. Cumulatively,the United States has emitted over a trillion metric tons of greenhouse gases,more than any country in the world.
The energy policy of the Obama administration was defined by an "all-of-the-above" approach which offered federal support for renewable energy deployment,increased domestic oil and gas extraction,and export of crude oil and natural gas. His presidency's first term was shaped by the failure of his signature climate legislation,the American Clean Energy and Security Act,to pass,and then climate and energy disasters including the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 and then Hurricane Sandy,which took place during the 2012 election. In his second term,Obama lifted the ban on crude oil exports and approved liquified natural gas exports;his planned regulatory approach to reducing greenhouse pollution in the electricity sector,the Clean Power Plan,was blocked by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Energy in Ukraine is mainly from gas and nuclear,followed by oil and coal. Ukraine has a diversified energy mix,and no fuel takes up more than a third of the country’s energy sources. The coal industry has been disrupted by conflict. Most gas and oil is imported,but since 2015 energy policy has prioritised diversifying energy supply.
Energy in Lebanon is characterized by a heavy reliance on imported fuels,which has led to significant challenges in ensuring a stable and sufficient supply of electricity. The country’s energy sector has been severely affected by a combination of internal political instability,external conflicts,and systemic corruption. The reliance on imported energy,coupled with rising demand and frequent infrastructure failures,has led to an ongoing energy crisis. This crisis has been further exacerbated by the destructive effects of military conflicts involving Hezbollah,particularly the wars against Israel and the war in Syria,which have strained the country's infrastructure and economy.
Syria and Iran are strategic allies. Syria is usually called Iran's "closest ally",notwithstanding the conflict between the Arab nationalism ideology of Syria's secular ruling Ba'ath Party and the Islamic Republic of Iran's pan-Islamist policy. Iran and Syria have had a strategic alliance ever since the Iran–Iraq War,when Syria sided with non-Arab Iran against neighbouring Ba'ath-ruled Iraq. The two countries shared a common animosity towards then-Iraqi president Saddam Hussein and coordination against the United States and Israel.
The Assistant Secretary of State for Energy Resources is the head of the Bureau of Energy Resources within the United States Department of State,supporting the department's efforts in promoting international energy security. The assistant secretary reports to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth,Energy,and the Environment.
The Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute was a territorial dispute between the State of Israel and the Republic of Lebanon over the Qana and Karish gas fields. The dispute lasted from 2010 until 2022,and was resolved after nearly two years of negotiations.
Suriya Evans-Pritchard Jayanti is a British-American energy entrepreneur and energy policy expert,journalist,and lawyer. She is a regular contributor to TIME Magazine and other print and television media outlets on energy issues and Ukraine topics. She is the co-founder and managing director of Eney LLC,a U.S.-Ukrainian diversified clean energy company,along with former long-time CEO of Naftogaz of Ukraine Andriy Kobolyev. She is also a Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council think tank. She came into the public eye during the first impeachment of President Donald J. Trump after being subpoenaed to testify in her capacity as a U.S. diplomat at the U.S. Department of State who served as the Energy Unit Chief at the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv,Ukraine. She did not ultimately testify. With the February 24,2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia,she became a regular commentator on Ukrainian and energy affairs,known for her pro-Ukrainian viewpoint.
