Sweden at the 1968 Summer Paralympics

Last updated
Sweden at the
1968 Summer Paralympics
Flag of Sweden.svg
IPC code SWE
NPC Swedish Parasports Federation
in Tel Aviv
Medals
Ranked 17th
Gold
1
Silver
6
Bronze
4
Total
11
Summer Paralympics appearances

Sweden was one of twenty-eight nations that sent a delegation to the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel from November 4 to 13, 1968. [1] [2] The team finished seventeenth in the medal table and won eleven medals: one gold, six silver and four bronze. [3] Thirty-two Swedish athletes took part in the Games; twenty-seven men and five women. [1] [n 1]

1968 Summer Paralympics

The 1968 Summer Paralympics were the third Paralympic Games to be held. Organised under the guidance of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), they were known as the 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games at the time. The games were originally planned to be held alongside the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, but in 1966, the Mexican government decided against it due to difficulties. The Israeli government offered to host the games in Tel Aviv, a suggestion that was accepted.

Tel Aviv City in Israel

Tel Aviv-Yafo, often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the largest metropolitan area of Israel. Located on the country's Mediterranean coastline and with a population of 451,523, it is the economic and technological center of the country. If East Jerusalem is considered part of Israel, Tel Aviv is the country's second most populous city after Jerusalem; if not, Tel Aviv is the most populous city before West Jerusalem.

Israel country in the Middle East

Israel, also known as the State of Israel, is a country in Western Asia, located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition.

Contents

Disability classifications

The Paralympics groups athletes' disabilities into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. [4] [5] Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. [6]

Amputation removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery

Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands. In some countries, amputation of the hands, feet or other body parts is or was used as a form of punishment for people who committed crimes. Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terrorism; it may also occur as a war injury. In some cultures and religions, minor amputations or mutilations are considered a ritual accomplishment.

Cerebral palsy A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time. Often, symptoms include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and speaking. Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as early as other children of their age. Other symptoms include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning, which each occur in about one third of people with CP. While symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life, underlying problems do not worsen over time.

Wheelchair chair with wheels, used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, or disability

A wheelchair is a chair with wheels, used when walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, or disability. Wheelchairs come in a wide variety of formats to meet the specific needs of their users. They may include specialized seating adaptions, individualized controls, and may be specific to particular activities, as seen with sports wheelchairs and beach wheelchairs. The most widely recognised distinction is between powered wheelchairs ("powerchairs"), where propulsion is provided by batteries and electric motors, and manually propelled wheelchairs, where the propulsive force is provided either by the wheelchair user/occupant pushing the wheelchair by hand ("self-propelled"), or by an attendant pushing from the rear.

Medalists

MedalNameSportEvent
Gold medal icon.svg GoldLindström Table tennis Women's singles C
Silver medal icon.svg SilverJohansson Archery Women's St. Nicholas round paraplegic
Silver medal icon.svg SilverNilsson Table tennis Men's singles A2
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Benny Nilsson Weightlifting Men's featherweight
Silver medal icon.svg SilverRodaster Archery Women's FITA round open
Silver medal icon.svg SilverSöderberg Swimming Men's 50 m breaststroke class 5 (cauda equina)
Silver medal icon.svg SilverM. Tufuesson Swimming Women's 50 m breaststroke class 4 incomplete
Bronze medal icon.svg BronzeM. Eden Swimming Men's 50 m breaststroke class 4 incomplete
Bronze medal icon.svg BronzeOlfson Swimming Men's 50 m backstroke class 5 (cauda equina)
Bronze medal icon.svg BronzeSöderberg Swimming Men's 50 m freestyle class 5 (cauda equina)
Bronze medal icon.svg BronzeM. Tufuesson Swimming Women's 3x25 m individual medley open
Medals by sport
Sport Gold medal icon.svg Silver medal icon.svg Bronze medal icon.svg Total
Table tennis 1102
Swimming 0246
Archery 0202
Weightlifting 0101
Total16411

Archery

Sweden sent nine athletes to compete in archery. Two medals were won by Swedish archers; Johansson won silver in the St. Nicholas round for paraplegic women and Rodaster won silver in the women's FITA round open. [7] [8]

Dartchery

The only dartchery event at the Games was the mixed pairs event which had a knockout tournament format. Two Swedish pairs entered; Luks and Andersson lost in the first round to the Australians Roy Fowler and Kevin Bawden; Johansson and Hansson also lost in the first round to Belgian pair Schelfaut and Desal. [9]

Single-elimination tournament knock-out sports competition

A single-elimination, knockout, or sudden death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion. Each match-up may be a single match or several, for example two-legged ties in European football or best-of series in American pro sports. Defeated competitors may play no further part after losing, or may participate in "consolation" or "classification" matches against other losers to determine the lower final rankings; for example, a third place playoff between losing semi-finalists. In a shootout poker tournament, there are more than two players competing at each table, and sometimes more than one progressing to the next round. Some competitions are held with a pure single-elimination tournament system. Others have many phases, with the last being a single-elimination final stage, often called playoffs.

Australia at the 1968 Summer Paralympics

Australia competed at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel. The Games significantly expanded in 1968 when compared to previous years, as did the Australian team and the events included in the Games. Mexico City were originally to host the 1968 Paralympics, however, they were moved to Tel Aviv in Israel.

Roy Fowler (Paralympian) Australian Paralympic competitor

Roy Fowler was an Australian Paralympic competitor, who won ten medals at six Paralympics from 1964 to 1988.

Swimming

Swedish swimmers won two silver and four bronze medals in Tel Aviv. [8] Two athletes won multiple medals; Soderberg won a silver in the men's 50 metres breaststroke class 5 cauda equina and a bronze in the 50 metres freestyle; Tufuesson won a bronze in the open 3×25 metres individual medley and a silver in the women's 50 metres backstroke class 4 incomplete. [8] Further bronze medals were won by Eden in the men's 50 metres breaststroke class 4 incomplete and by Olfson in men's 50 metres backstroke class 5 cauda equina. [8]

Breaststroke swimming style in which the swimmer is on his or her chest and the torso does not rotate

Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires comparable endurance and strength to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke, as the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.

Cauda equina

The cauda equina is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve rootlets, consisting of the second through fifth lumbar nerve pairs, the first through fifth sacral nerve pairs, and the coccygeal nerve, all of which arise from the lumbar enlargement and the conus medullaris of the spinal cord. The cauda equina occupies the lumbar cistern, a subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris. The nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate the pelvic organs and lower limbs to include motor innervation of the hips, knees, ankles, feet, internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter. In addition, the cauda equina extends to sensory innervation of the perineum and, partially, parasympathetic innervation of the bladder.

Backstroke swimming style in which one swims on ones back

Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.

Table tennis

Weightlifting

One man entered weightlifting events for Sweden, Benny Nilsson in the featherweight division. [8] He lifted 120 kg to win the silver medal. Gold was won by Dumont of France whose lift of 125 kg was a new world record. [10]

Featherweight is a weight class in the combat sports of boxing, kickboxing, mixed martial arts, and Greco-Roman wrestling.

France at the 1968 Summer Paralympics

France competed at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel from November 4 to 13, 1968. The French team contained fifty-five athletes; forty-one men and fourteen women. The team finished fifth in the medal table and won a total of thirty-two medals; thirteen gold, ten silver and nine bronze.

Wheelchair basketball

Sweden entered a team into the men's wheelchair basketball. The competition featured a pool stage followed by a knockout competition. Sweden lost both their pool matches, 8–26 to Belgium and 15–35 to Canada, and did not advance to the quarterfinals. [11]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Data is taken from the International Paralympic Committee website and is based on information contained/sourced in the original hardcopy final results publications. Some information from earlier Paralympic Games (i.e. 1960 – 1984) is incomplete and is missing first names of some athletes

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Jamaica at the 1968 Summer Paralympics

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Ireland at the 1968 Summer Paralympics

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Daphne Ceeney Australian Paralympic competitor

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References

  1. 1 2 "Participation Numbers Tel Aviv 1968 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  2. ↑ "Paralympic Games History – Summer". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  3. ↑ "Medal Standings Tel Aviv 1968 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  4. ↑ "Paralympics categories explained". ABC. 3 September 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  5. ↑ "Making sense of the categories". BBC Sport. 6 October 2000. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
  6. ↑ "A-Z of Paralympic classification". BBC Sport. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
  7. ↑ "Results Tel Aviv 1968 Paralympic Games Archery Women's St. Nicholas Round paraplegic". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Athlete Search Results Sweden 1968". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  9. ↑ "Results Tel Aviv 1968 Paralympic Games Dartchery Mixed Pairs open". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
  10. ↑ "Results Tel Aviv 1968 Paralympic Games Weightlifting Men's Featherweight". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  11. ↑ "Results Tel Aviv 1968 Paralympic Games Wheelchair Basketball Men". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
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