TMEM106C

Last updated
TMEM106C
Identifiers
Aliases TMEM106C , transmembrane protein 106C
External IDs MGI: 1196384; HomoloGene: 11440; GeneCards: TMEM106C; OMA:TMEM106C - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

79022

380967

Ensembl

ENSG00000134291

ENSMUSG00000052369

UniProt

Q9BVX2

Q80VP8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001252153
NM_201359
NM_001356508

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001137313
NP_001137314
NP_001137315
NP_076961

NP_001239082
NP_958747
NP_001343437

Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 47.96 – 47.97 Mb Chr 15: 97.86 – 97.87 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

TMEM106C is a gene that encodes the transmembrane protein 106C (TMEM106C) in Homo sapiens It has been found to be overexpressed in cancer cells and also is related to distal arthrogryposis, [5] [6] a condition of stiff joints and irregular muscle development. The TMEM106C gene contains a domain of unknown function, DUF1356, that spans most of the protein. Transmembrane protein 106C also goes by the aliases MGC5576 or MGC111210, LOC79022. [7]

Contents

Location and gene neighborhood

The TMEM106C gene is located on the long arm of the 12th chromosome. It is found at position 12q13.1. This gene spans from 48357225 to 48362667 on chromosome 12. [7] This gene is in between COL2A1, the human type II collagen gene, and VDR, the human Vitamin D Receptor gene. [8] This protein is found to be an integral part of the endoplasm reticulum membrane. [9]

Protein structure

The N and C-terminal ends of the protein are found in the cytosol of the cell Protein Structure (2).png
The N and C-terminal ends of the protein are found in the cytosol of the cell

The TMEM106A protein has a molecular weight of 27.9 kdal with a PI of 6.325. [11] It has 250 amino acids, 230 of which are in the domain of unknown function. No signal peptide has been found for this protein but TMEM106C has transmembrane regions which gives evidence for an internal signal peptide. [12] This protein spans the ER membrane 2 times. [10] There is evidence that these transmembrane regions take on helical structures. [13] The predicted structure of the protein is shown to the left:

TMEM106C is valine-rich with no tryptophan. [11]

There are several areas for post-translational modification for TMEM106A including: [14]

Expression

This gene is highly expressed. TMEM106C is expressed 4.9 times the average gene. [7] TMEM106C has ubiquitous expression. It can be found expressed in many tissues types. Tissue types with high expression included the adrenal gland, eye, reproductive organs, cervix and blood. High expression was found using EST and GEO data.

Expression Patterns found in Various Tissue Types Expression Patterns.png
Expression Patterns found in Various Tissue Types

This gene is also found overexpressed in cancer cells. This gene has found to be expressed three times more in adrenal tumor and twice more in bladder carcinoma and retinoblastoma than normal expression.

Expression Levels found in Leukemia Expression Patterns -cancer.png
Expression Levels found in Leukemia

It is also found to be highly expressed in breast (mammary gland) tumor, cervical tumor, esophageal tumor, leukemia, liver tumor; lung tumor, pancreatic tumor, prostate cancer, and soft tissue/muscle tissue tumor. [20]

TMEM106C is found in all stages of development from embryoid body, blastocyst, fetus, infant, juvenile and adult. [21]

Homology

Paralogs

There are two paralogs for TMEM106C. These paralogs are TMEM106A and TMEM106B. [6] Both genes are found highly conserved in Mammalia. TMEM106A is also found to be conserved in invertebrates as well. The protein was found in tapeworms and other invertebrate worms. [22]

ProteinAccession numberAmino acidsIdentity percent
TMEM106A AAI46977 26236
TMEM106B NP_001127704 27443
TMEM106C NP_001137314.1 250100

Orthologs

TMEM106C is highly conserved in Mammalia. Links to sequences can be found in the table below: [22]

OrganismCommon nameAccession numberAmino acidsIdentity percentNotes
Homo sapiens Human NP_001137314.1 250100Mammal
Macaca mulatta Rhesus macaque NP_001253653.1 24998Mammal
Equus caballus Horse XP_001490277.1 24990Mammal
Mus musculus Mouse NP_001239082.1 26079Mammal
Alligator mississippiensis American alligator XP_006273403.1 27177Reptile
Chrysemys picta bellii Painted turtle XP_005291963.1 27073Reptile
Falco cherrug Saker falcon XP_005436184.1 27474Aves
Gallus gallus Chicken XP_003643471.1 25365Aves
Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog NP_001016848.1 26364Amphibia
Latimeria chalumnae Coelacanth XP_005986345.1 25861Actinoterygii
Danio rerio Zebrafish NP_001070764.1 27557Actinoterygii

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">TMEM106A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

TMEM106A is a gene that encodes the transmembrane protein 106A (TMEM106A) in Homo sapiens. It is located at 17q21.31 on the plus strand next to cancer-related genes NBR1 and BRCA1. The TMEM106A gene contains a domain of unknown function, DUF1356.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protein FAM46B</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">CXorf66</span> Human protein

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAM167A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">EVI5L</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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TMEM143 is a protein that in humans is encoded by TMEM143 gene. TMEM143, a dual-pass protein, is predicted to reside in the mitochondria and high expression has been found in both human skeletal muscle and the heart. Interaction with other proteins indicate that TMEM143 could potentially play a role in tumor suppression/expression and cancer regulation.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">TMCO4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 4, TMCO4, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMCO4 gene. Currently, its function is not well defined. It is transmembrane protein that is predicted to cross the endoplasmic reticulum membrane three times. TMCO4 interacts with other proteins known to play a role in cancer development, hinting at a possible role in the disease of cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transmembrane protein 255A</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">C1orf127</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Uncharactarized protein C1orf127 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf127 gene, the structure and function of which is poorly understood by the scientific community. C1orf127 is targeted for extracellular secretion in humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SMCO3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">TEDDM1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transmembrane epididymal protein 1 is a transmembrane protein encoded by the TEDDM1 gene. TEDDM1 is also commonly known as TMEM45C and encodes 273 amino acids that contains six alpha-helix transmembrane regions. The protein contains a 118 amino acid length family of unknown function. While the exact function of TEDDM1 is not understood, it is predicted to be an integral component of the plasma membrane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TMEM104</span> TMEM104 protein encoding gene

Transmembrane protein 104 (TMEM104) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM104 gene. The aliases of TMEM104 are FLJ00021 and FLJ20255. Humans have a 163,255 base pair long gene coding sequence, 4703 base pair long mRNA, and 496 amino acid long protein sequence. In Eukaryotes, the TMEM104 gene is conserved.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TMEM248</span> Transmembrane protein 248/TMEM248 gene

Transmembrane protein 248, also known as C7orf42, is a gene that in humans encodes the TMEM248 protein. This gene contains multiple transmembrane domains and is composed of seven exons.TMEM248 is predicted to be a component of the plasma membrane and be involved in vesicular trafficking. It has low tissue specificity, meaning it is ubiquitously expressed in tissues throughout the human body. Orthology analyses determined that TMEM248 is highly conserved, having homology with vertebrates and invertebrates. TMEM248 may play a role in cancer development. It was shown to be more highly expressed in cases of colon, breast, lung, ovarian, brain, and renal cancers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TMEM61</span> Protein and coding gene in humans

Transmembrane protein 61 (TMEM61) is a protein that is encoded by the TMEM61 gene in humans. It is located on the first chromosome in humans and is highly expressed in the intestinal regions predominantly the kidney, adrenal gland and pituitary tissues. The protein, unlike other transmembrane protein in the region does not promote cancer growth. However, the TMEM61 protein when inhibited by secondary factors restricts normal activity in the kidney. The human protein shares many Orthologs and has been prevalent on Earth for millions of years.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134291 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052369 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Genini, S. (16 May 2006). "Radiation Hybrid Mapping of 18 Positional and Physiological Candidate Genes for Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita on Porcine Chromosome 5". Animal Genetics. 37 (3): 239–244. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01447.x. PMID   16734683.
  6. 1 2 "Genecards". The Human Gene Compendium.
  7. 1 2 3 Thierry-Mieg, Danielle and Jean (2 Jun 2010). "Homo sapiens complex locus TMEM106C, encoding transmembrane protein 106C". Aceview National Center for BioInformation technology, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
  8. ↑ "TMEM106C transmembrane protein 106C Homo sapiens (human)". NCBI. 4 May 2014.
  9. ↑ Nakai, K. (19 Nov 1999). "PSORT II Prediction".
  10. 1 2 Mitaku Group. "Classification and Secondary Structure Prediction of Membrane Proteins". Department of Applied Physics Nagoya University.
  11. 1 2 "Biology Workbench 3.2". SDSC: San Diego SuperComputer Center. 11 May 2011.
  12. ↑ Krogh, Anders (12 Jun 2013). "TMHMM Server v 2.0".
  13. ↑ Tusnady, G.E. (2001). "HMMTop: Prediction of transmembrane helices and topology of proteins v 2.0".
  14. ↑ Artimo P, Jonnalagedda M, Arnold K, Baratin D, Csardi G, de Castro E, Duvaud S, Flegel V, Fortier A, Gasteiger E, Grosdidier A, Hernandez C, Ioannidis V, Kuznetsov D, Liechti R, Moretti S, Mostaguir K, Redaschi N, Rossier G, Xenarios I, Stockinger H (2012). "ExPASy: SIB bioinformatics resource portal". Nucleic Acids Research. 40 (Web Server issue). Nucleic Acids Res, 40(W1):W597-W603: W597-603. doi:10.1093/nar/gks400. PMC   3394269 . PMID   22661580.
  15. ↑ Blom N, Gammeltoft S, Brunak S (December 1999). "Sequence and structure-based prediction of eukaryotic protein phosphorylation sites". Journal of Molecular Biology. 294 (5): 1351–62. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3310. PMID   10600390.
  16. ↑ Yu Xue; Jian Ren; Xinjiao Gao; Changjiang Jin; Longping Wen & Xuebiao Yao (10 Aug 2012). "Tool to Predict Kinase-specific Phosphorylation Sites in Hierarchy". GPS.
  17. ↑ R. Gupta, E. Jung & S. Brunak. (2004). "Prediction of N-glycosylation sites in human proteins". NetNGlyc 1.0 Server.
  18. ↑ "GEO data".
  19. ↑ "GEO data 2".
  20. ↑ Mosca E, Alfieri R, Merelli I, Viti F, Calabria A, Milanesi L (3 Jul 2010). "TMEM106C". Genes to Systems Breast Cancer Database.
  21. ↑ "TMEM106C: Transmembrane protein 106C". EST profile. First Gov. Health and Human Services. 28 Oct 2009.
  22. 1 2 "BLAST". National Center for Biotechnology Information. National Library of Medicine. 2014.
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