Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm and have an inner diameter between 11 and 15 nm. They are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin into protofilaments that can then associate laterally to form a hollow tube, the microtubule. The most common form of a microtubule consists of 13 protofilaments in the tubular arrangement.
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. MBP maintains the correct structure of myelin, interacting with the lipids in the myelin membrane.
Stathmin, also known as metablastin and oncoprotein 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STMN1 gene.
Tubulin beta-2A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB2A gene.
Tubulin alpha-4A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA4A gene.
Tubulin alpha-1A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA1A gene.
Tubulin alpha-1B chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA1B gene.
Tubulin alpha-3C/D chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA3C gene.
Tubulin beta-4B chain formerly known as tubulin beta-2C chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB4B gene.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MARK1 gene.
Tubulin beta-4A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB4A gene. Two tubulin beta-4 chain proteins are encoded in the human genome by the genes TUBB4A and TUBB4B. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a key components of the cytoskeleton. It binds two molecules of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta-chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain. TUBB4A is preferentially and highly expressed in the central nervous system.
Tubulin alpha-8 chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA8 gene.
Katanin p80 WD40-containing subunit B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KATNB1 gene.
2′,3′-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNP gene.
Chromosome Seven Open Reading Frame 31 (C7orf31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C7orf31 gene on chromosome seven.
Uncharacterized protein C1orf131 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene C1orf131. The first ortholog of this protein was discovered in humans. Subsequently, through the use of algorithms and bioinformatics, homologs of C1orf131 have been discovered in numerous species, and as a result, the name of the majority of the proteins in this protein family is Uncharacterized protein C1orf131 homolog.
Chromosome 6 open reading frame 201, C6orf201, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C6orf201 gene. In humans this gene encodes for a nuclear protein that is primarily expressed in the testis.
C11orf52 is an uncharacterized protein that in homo sapiens is encoded by the C11orf52 gene.
Coiled-coil domain containing 60 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC60 gene that is most highly expressed in the trachea, salivary glands, bladder, cervix, and epididymis.
Chromosome 11 open reading frame 53 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C11orf53 gene. Reduction in C11orf53 gene expression is associated with increased odds of occurrence of colorectal cancer. Specifically sequence variation (rs3802842) close to the C11orf53 gene locus that lowers the expression of C11orf53 has been observed in the colonic mucosal cells immediately adjacent to colon cancer tumors. C11orf53 downregulation aids in cells' ability to survive in acidic conditions, which are typical of the tumor microenvironment. CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation of C11orf53 in an acute myeloid leukemia cell line made the cells resistant to the BCL2 inhibitor Venetoclax, further supporting a role in cancer predisposition.
