Tampere light rail

Last updated
Tampere Tram
Hameenkatu tram 3.jpg
Tram on Hämeenkatu.
Overview
Native nameTampereen Ratikka
Area served Tampere, Finland
Transit type Light rail
Number of lines2
Number of stops27
Annual ridership10 million (2021–22)
Website Official website OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Operation
Began operation9 August 2021 [1]
Operator(s) VR
Technical
System length16 km (9.9 mi) (phase 1)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification 750 V DC overhead
Average speed19–22 km/h (12–14 mph)
Top speed70 km/h (43 mph)
Map of the Tampere tram network from June 2024. Tram map of Tampere.svg
Map of the Tampere tram network from June 2024.
A tram on line 1 at its end stop at Sorin aukio square in central Tampere. The tracks physically end at this stop, the trams have to switch direction to continue their journey. Tampere tram at end of track at Sorin aukio.jpg
A tram on line 1 at its end stop at Sorin aukio square in central Tampere. The tracks physically end at this stop, the trams have to switch direction to continue their journey.

The Tampere light rail (Finnish : Tampereen raitiotie), branded as Tampere Tram (Finnish : Tampereen Ratikka), is a public transport system in Tampere, Finland. In November 2016, the Tampere city council approved plans to construct a 330-million-euro light rail system on the route from the city centre to Hervanta and to the Tampere University Hospital. Traffic on the first two lines of the route (lines 1 and 3) began on 9 August 2021. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

An extension from the city centre to Lentävänniemi is also under construction. It is aimed to be finished in 2024. [4] [5] Along the route to Lentävänniemi, an artificial island called Näsisaari ("Näsi Island") near the shore of Lake Näsijärvi is also under construction, and it is planned to mainly serve the structure of light rail. [6] The first phase of the extension from Pyynikintori to Santalahti was opened in 2023. [3]

Unlike Turku, another Finnish city that is planning a new light rail system (see Turku light rail), Tampere had not had a previously existing tram or light rail system. The construction of a tram system in Tampere was seriously studied between the years 1907 and 1929, but left unrealised due to the high price of constructing such a system. [7]

Tampere is the fourth city in Finland to have a tram system but one of only two to still have trams in service, as Turku discontinued tram service in 1972 and Vyborg (already part of the Soviet Union at the time) did so in 1957.

Traffic

Tram tracks on the grass on Sammonkatu in autumn 2019. Kaleva ratikka.jpg
Tram tracks on the grass on Sammonkatu in autumn 2019.

After negotiations, the VR Group was chosen as the operator of the Tampere light rail in 2019. The agreement includes traffic operations and traffic direction. The company Tampereen Raitiotie Oy (TRO), owned by the city of Tampere, is responsible for the vehicle stock and infrastructure. The traffic is commissioned by the Tampere Regional Transport Authority. [8] Commercial test traffic started on 10 May 2021 and traffic proper started on 9 August 2021. [9]

Lines

LineRouteStopsExpansions in planning or under construction
1 Kauppi - Santalahti 14
3 Hervantajärvi - Sorin aukio 17
  • Sorin aukio - Partola, Pirkkala (scheduled completion in 2028) [11]
  • Kauppi - Niihama (scheduled completion in 2028) [11]

At the start of operations, the Tampere light rail operates two lines, 1 and 3. The numbering of the lines is in accordance with the rest of the public transport in Tampere, so that line numbers between trams and buses do not collide. [12] Line 3 replaces the old bus lines 3 and 4 and travels from Pyynikki via Sammonaukio, Hakametsä and Hervanta to Hervantajärvi. Line 1, formed from the middle part of the old bus line 1, starts from Sorin aukio and travels along line 3 from Koskipuisto to Sammonaukio, where it branches off via the Tampere University Hospital to Kauppi. Both lines have several exchange stops where it is possible to switch lines on the same platform. The travel time from Pyynikki to Hervantajärvi is about 29 minutes. The time between trams is 3 to 4 minutes on the common route and 7.5 minutes elsewhere. [13]

In June 2024 the lines were reorganized and Line 1 now goes from Santalahti to Kauppi and Line 3 from Sorin Aukio to Hervantajärvi. [14]

Rolling stock

Artic X34 prototype on test drive. Articx34.jpg
Artic X34 prototype on test drive.
Inside a Skoda Artic X34 tram. Skoda Artic inside.jpg
Inside a Škoda Artic X34 tram.

After a bidding contest, the Kajaani-based company Škoda Transtech was chosen as the provider of the vehicle stock in October 2016. [15] A competing provider complained to the market court about this decision, where the complaint was rejected in October 2017. After this Transtech and the city of Tampere signed an agreement about delivery of the tram vehicles (Artic X34). The design of the trams was finalized in 2018. [16]

In the first stage 19 vehicles were delivered and 5 to 6 more vehicles were delivered in the second stage. The agreement includes an option for an additional 46 vehicles (after the first 19 vehicles), to provide for further expansion of the light rail. The first vehicles were test driven in 2020. [17] [18] The order for the first and second stages includes 26 vehicles in total. The price per vehicle is 3.2 to 3.8 million euro and the price for the entire order is about 97.5 million euro. [19]

The model of the Tampere tram is ForCity Smart Artic X34 and they are 37.3 metres long, low-floored and drivable in both directions. The agreement about the vehicles includes an option to lengthen the vehicles to 47 metres. The industrial design company Idis Design was chosen as the designer of the vehicles in January 2018. The main solutions for the vehicles were designed in early 2018 after which the design was improved by constructing a life-size model tram vehicle to describe the details of the design. The first raw model tram was completed in March 2018 and the finalised model was presented to the citizens of Tampere in February 2019. Transtech started construction of the vehicles in Otanmäki in Kajaani in October 2018; the first vehicle was completed and delivered to Tampere in May 2020. [20] Already in February 2020 Transtech had provided a TW 6000 tram from 1981 to Tampere as a test vehicle. [21]

The vehicles have space for 264 passengers, of which 104 are seating places. The top traffic speed is 70 kilometres per hour; the average speed is 19 to 22 kilometres per hour. Movement between the platform and the tram is level and accessible. [13] The final design and colouring of the trams were announced in October 2018, with brick red chosen as the main colour of the trams. [22]

History

1907–1929: tram system planning

The first official plans for a tram system in Tampere were made in 1907, when a committee was formed to study the construction of the tram system. The study, completed in 1909, found the construction of a tram system relatively expensive, but during the first years of the next decade, it seemed that Tampere would get a tram system. Eventually, the plans were shelved due to World War I. [7] Around the same time, plans for tram systems were also made in other Finnish cities: Turku tram was opened in 1908, Vyborg tram in 1912, while Lahti (1907–17) and Riihimäki (1922) also made serious studies into the matter, though their systems, too, were left unbuilt. [23] After the war, subsequent plans for a tram system in Tampere were made as late as 1929, but these, again, were not realised. [7]

2001–2004: TramTrain proposal

The construction of a light rail system for Tampere had been discussed since the 1970s, but the decision-makers of the city were hesitant to make any decisions without collaboration with other cities in Finland to keep down costs. [24] In 2001, the city took the initiative in planning a light rail network when a rail traffic project group was formed to study the construction of such a system by the Finnish Ministry of Traffic & Communication, VR Group and various cities in the Greater Tampere area. The group completed its work in 2004, recommending a tram-train system utilising pre-existing railroad sections, newly built track and a tunnel section under central Tampere to avoid traffic jams. [25] The proposed system was named TamTrain as a pun on Tram-Train. [24]

The TamTrain proposal created some criticism as existing urban areas in the region are around major roads, not railroads, and the proposed system would have, in fact, worsened public transport connections in many areas. The tunnel under the center of the city was also found problematic, as constructing such a tunnel would have forced the light rail lines to completely bypass important traffic hubs such as TAYS (Tampere University Hospital). Additionally, the 1.5 km (0.93 mi) tunnel section, which would have included only three stops, would have constituted 29% of the total price of the 83 km (52 mi) system. [26] [24]

TASE 2025 light rail plan

The intermediary TASE 2025 report published in 2007 recommended the creation of a light rail system running alongside major roads linking central Tampere to the suburbs of Vuores and Hervanta in phase 1 (by 2015), Lielahti and Lentävänniemi in phase 2 (2015–25), with links to Koilliskeskus, Ojala-Lamminrahka and Pirkkala in phase 3 (after 2025). There are also plans to continue light rail to the town of Ylöjärvi. [27] In addition to the light rail system, the study recommended the creation of a commuter rail line utilising pre-existing railroad lines as well as improvements into pre-existing bus connections in areas not covered by either rail option. According to these recommendations, the initial parts of the light rail system would be opened in 2015. [28] Although technically a light rail system, the system proposed in TASE 2025 is referred to in Finnish as katuraitiotie, "street tramway", [29] as opposed to the term pikaraitiotie, literally "rapid tramway", which is a commonly used word for all kinds of light rail systems in Finnish, but which has been used almost exclusively for TramTrain-esque systems with a tunnel in the city centre in Tampere.

The length of the proposed light rail system would be 17.6 kilometres (10.9 mi) in phase 1, 24.2 km (15.0 mi) in phase 2 and 43 km (27 mi) in phase 3. The total cost of the system would be €298 million. [28] The light rail system is projected to make approximately €10 million of yearly profit, whereas the current all-bus based system generates average losses of €10 million every year. [29] A subsequent intermediary report submitted on 5 March 2009 proposed four different alternatives for the future development of public transport in Tampere, all of which included the realisation of a light rail system. The initial phase in all four alternatives was the same, but the precise routes and lengths of the subsequent extensions were different. [30]

Operations

The light rail began operating in August 2021. In the first year of operations, around 10 million trips were made using the system, accounting for around a quarter of all public transport trips during the period. [31]

The first part of Phase 2, a 2-km, 3-station extension to Santalahti, opened on August 7, 2023. [32]

Extensions from Kauppi to Niihama and from Sorin aukio to Partola in the neighbohouring municipality of Pirkkala were approved by the Tampere city and Pirkkala municipal councils in October 2024. Construction is due to be completed in 2028. [11]

Construction

The city of Tampere asked for tenders from consultants with experience in designing light rail/tram systems during the summer of 2010. The deadline for submitting tenders was on 16 August 2010, after which a consultant was chosen. The plan was that the consultant's report should be ready by the end of April 2011, after which the city council will make the decision on whether or not to proceed with the construction of a light rail system. [33]

Tram rail construction in Hervanta Hervanta tram construction.jpg
Tram rail construction in Hervanta

A final decision was made in the city council on 7 November 2016 to start construction and to purchase trams. The tram supplier will be Transtech, a Finnish subsidiary of Škoda Transportation. [15] The rail gauge is 1435 mm, which makes vehicle purchase easier, because producers generally have developed trams for this gauge. Construction commenced in 2017 and the first phase (city centre to TAYS and Hervanta) was opened in 2021. The cost, including rolling stock, was estimated at €330 million. After construction of the first phase was completed, the Tampere municipal council announced that the final cost of the project was €34 million under the revised budget of €300 million. [34] [3]

Keolis, Länsilinjat and VR were shortlisted to operate the tramway, with the contract awarded to VR in April 2019 for a period of 10 years, with an option to extend for a further three years. [35]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transport in Finland</span>

The transport system of Finland is well-developed. Factors affecting traffic include the sparse population and long distance between towns and cities, and the cold climate with waterways freezing and land covered in snow for winter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tampere</span> Second-most populous urban area in Finland

Tampere is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Tampere is approximately 259,000, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 421,000. It is the 3rd most populous municipality in Finland, and the second most populous urban area in the country after the Helsinki metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VR Group</span> State-owned railway company in Finland

VR-Group Plc, commonly known as VR, is a government-owned railway company in Finland. VR's most important function is the operation of Finland's passenger rail services with 250 long-distance and 800 commuter rail services every day. With 7,500 employees and net sales of €1,251 million in 2017, VR is one of the most significant operators in the Finnish public transport market area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rail transport in Finland</span>

The Finnish railway network consists of a total track length of 9,216 km (5,727 mi). The railways are built with a broad 1,524 mm track gauge, of which 3,249 km (2,019 mi) is electrified. Passenger trains are operated by the state-owned enterprise VR that runs services on 7,225 km (4,489 mi) of track. These services cover all major cities and many rural areas, though the coverage is less than the coverage provided by the bus services. Most passenger train services originate or terminate at Helsinki Central railway station, and a large proportion of the passenger rail network radiates out of Helsinki. VR also operates freight services. Maintenance and construction of the railway network itself is the responsibility of the Finnish Rail Administration, which is a part of the Finnish Transport Agency. The network consists of six areal centres, that manage the use and maintenance of the routes in co-operation. Cargo yards and large stations may have their own signalling systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trams in Helsinki</span> Overview of the tram network in Helsinki, Finland

Trams in Helsinki form part of the public transport system organised by Helsinki Regional Transport Authority and operated by Metropolitan Area Transport Ltd in Finland's capital city of Helsinki. The trams are the main means of transport in the city center, and 56.8 million trips were made on the system in 2019. In addition to the older tram network, there is a single light rail line that was opened in October 2023. Although technically compatible with the tram network, the light rail line is separate from the city center tram network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Public transport in Helsinki</span>

Public transport in Helsinki consists of bus, tram, metro, local railway and ferry services. The system is managed by the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority and covers Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen, Vantaa and the outlying Kerava, Kirkkonummi, Sipoo and Tuusula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trams in Europe</span>

Europe has an extensive number of tramway networks. Some of these networks have been upgraded to light rail standards, called Stadtbahn in Germany, premetros in Belgium, sneltram in the Netherlands, metro ligeiro in Portugal and fast trams in some other countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tampere Central Station</span> Railway station in Tampere, Finland

Tampere Central Station is a functionalist building in Tampere, Finland, designed by Eero Seppälä and Otto Flodin, completed in 1936. The station is one of the most important railway stations in Finland. In 2015, the Tampere Central Station was the second busiest railway station in Finland in terms of numbers of passengers, after the Helsinki Central Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hämeenkatu</span> Street in Tampere, Finland

Hämeenkatu is the main street of Tampere, Finland, located in the city center. The boulevard is roughly a kilometre long, and 28.5 metres (94 ft) wide at its widest point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Škoda Transtech</span>

Škoda Transtech Oy is Finland's major domestic manufacturer of low-floor tram and railway rolling stock. It specializes in building tram and railway vehicles for extreme climatic conditions, such as those encountered in Finland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VR Class Sm3</span> Finnish high-speed Pendolino train

The Sm3 Pendolino is a class of high-speed body-tilting trains operated by VR Group. It is a member of the Pendolino train family; its design is based on the ETR 460. The first two trainsets were assembled in Finland by Rautaruukki-Transtech in the mid-1990s. The rest of the series of eighteen EMUs were built by Fiat Ferroviaria between 2000 and 2006. The trains serve most of Finland's major cities such as Helsinki, Turku, Oulu and Joensuu with a maximum speed of 220 km/h (140 mph), although this speed is only attained between Kerava and Lahti. The train has a power output of 4,000 kW (5,400 hp) and weighs 328 tonnes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trams in Turku</span>

The Turku tramway network was the first tram system to be operated in Finland, and was the second-to-last first generation tram system in Finland. It was operated as horse tramway from 1890 until 1892, and as an electrified tramway from 1908 until 1972. Prior to 1919 the tram system was owned by private interests, and from that year onwards by the City of Turku until closure of the system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nokia Arena (Tampere)</span> Finnish ice hockey arena

Nokia Arena, also known by its non-sponsored name Tampere Deck Arena, is an indoor arena in Tampere, Finland, which hosts ice hockey games and large cultural events. It is the home arena of Ilves and Tappara of the SM-liiga. Its construction was approved by the City Council of Tampere on 19 May 2010, and it was officially opened on 3 December 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trams in Finland</span>

Trams in Finland date from a horse-drawn Turku tramway network, which opened in 1890. Electric tramway traction started in Finland in 1900 with the introduction of electric trams in Helsinki, and the last horse-drawn trams were withdrawn from operation in 1917. Although there were three Finnish tramway networks between 1912 and World War II, by 1972 the number of networks had dwindled to just one, that of Helsinki, which remained Finland's only tramway network for almost 50 years. However, in August 2021, a light rail line was opened to the public in Tampere. There have also been proposals to set up tram or light rail networks in some other cities. As of 2021, the most concrete such plans are in Turku.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Škoda Artic</span> Articulated low-floor tram manufactured by Škoda Transtech

Artic, styled as ARTIC or ForCity Smart, is an articulated low-floor tram model designed and manufactured by Škoda Transtech Oy in Finland. Trams of the design are in operation in Finland, Germany and Czechia, with further large orders in these countries. The design was subsequently rebranded under the Škoda ForCity brand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of trams in Helsinki</span>

Until 2021, Helsinki was Finland's only remaining city with tram traffic. Two other cities—Turku (see Turku tram) and Vyborg —have had tram systems. Vyborg abandoned its trams in 1957 after it was ceded to the Soviet Union after the end of World War II. Turku withdrew its trams in 1972.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown Bridges</span> Set of bridges in Helsinki, under construction

The Crown Bridges is the name given to three bridges under construction in the Finnish city of Helsinki, creating a new tram link and cycle path to the island of Laajasalo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transport in Tampere</span> Transport in Tampere, Finland

Transport in Tampere consists of car, bus, light rail and commuter rail services linking the city centre of Tampere, Finland, to surrounding residential areas and towns in the Pirkanmaa region. The system is managed by the Tampere Regional Transport Authority, branded as Nysse. The name originates from a local colloquialism nysse tulee, with nysse jokingly used to refer to any public transport vehicle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lentävänniemi</span> City district in Tampere, Finland

Lentävänniemi is a district in the western part of Tampere on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It belongs to the northwestern part of the city and borders the Niemi and Niemenranta borders on the southwest. There are jogging paths along the lake and its shores surrounding the apartment-based Lentävänniemi. In 2014, the population of Lentävänniemi was 4,309.

References

  1. 1 2 HS: Tampereen ratikka aloittaa liikennöinnin – Näin hanke pysyi jatkuvasti jopa aikataulua edellä ja alitti budjetin Archived 2021-08-09 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
  2. ↑ "Suora lähetys kello 4.15: Aamulehti mukana Tampereen ensimmäisellä virallisella ratikkamatkalla - Tampere - Aamulehti". 7 August 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  3. 1 2 3 Koskinen, Anu Leena (13 August 2021). "Jopa sää oli Tampereen ratikan puolella, kun rakentaminen tuli 34 miljoonaa luultua halvemmaksi: kaupunkilaisten ei kannata vielä nuolaista" (in Finnish). YLE Uutiset. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  4. ↑ "Tampere tram project aims at 2021 completion". Yle News. 9 November 2016. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  5. ↑ "Tampere to receive a tramway". 13 November 2016. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  6. ↑ Koskinen, Anu Leena; Siltanen, Mari (December 16, 2021). "Historiallinen päätös: Tampereella aletaan rakentaa Näsijärveen tekosaarta, josta pääsee ratikalla yli – myöhemmin saareen muuttaa tuhansia ihmisiä". YLE (in Finnish). Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 Sirkiä, Hanna (2003). Hyvästi ny sitt – Raitsikat: Turun raitiovaunuliikenteen lakkautus 1961-1972 (PDF) (in Finnish). Turku: University of Turku. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  8. ↑ VR-Yhtymä liikennöimään Tampereen Ratikkaa, Tampereen Ratikka. Accessed on 26 November 2019.
  9. ↑ Katso video: Tampereen ratikka otti kyytiin ensimmäiset maksavat asiakkaat, YLE. Accessed on 11 May 2021.
  10. ↑ Ratikan vaiheet , Tampereen Ratikka. Accessed on 30 March 2022.
  11. 1 2 3 Grönroos, Reija (2024-10-07). "Tampereen ratikka etenee pätkissä – Pirkkalassa ei petytty, vaikka ratikka ei tule heti keskustaan asti". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  12. ↑ Linjasto2021, Tampere Regional Transport Authority. Accessed on 27 February 2021.
  13. 1 2 Tampereen raitiotie, Raitiotieallianssi. Accessed on 20 October 2019.
  14. ↑ Many route changes for the Nysse summer season Nysse. Accessed on 5 August 2024
  15. 1 2 Transtech to supply Tampere trams Archived 2016-11-07 at the Wayback Machine Railway Gazette International 3 October 2016
  16. ↑ "Unpretentious, authentic and pragmatic" Tampere tram styling revealed Archived 2018-10-21 at the Wayback Machine Metro Report International 15 October 2018
  17. ↑ Tampere ja Transtech allekirjoittivat sopimuksen raitiovaunuista – Vuoden viivästys ei vaaranna aikataulua, YLE. Accessed on 29 June 2018.
  18. ↑ "First tram delivered to Tampere for tests and training". RailTech.com. 25 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  19. ↑ Ala-Heikkilä, Minna: Ratikkatoimittaja Transtech: Raitiovaunut eivät välttämättä valmistu samaan aikaan raitiotien kanssa, Aamulehti 6 October 2017 (updated on 9 October 2017). Accessed on 29 June 2018.
  20. ↑ Tampereen Ratikka on Pohjoismaiden suurin ja tamperelaisten kanssa suunniteltu, Tampereen Ratikka 8 June 2020. Accessed on 3 July 2020.
  21. ↑ Tampereen raitiotien testaukseen Saksassa käytössä ollut raitiovaunu, Tampereen Raitiotie Oy 4 May 2020. Accessed on 23 February 2020.
  22. ↑ Tamperelaiset valitsivat punaisen raitiovaunun, city of Tampere. Accessed on 1 October 2018.
  23. ↑ Hirvonen, Sauli (17 March 2008). "Suomen raitioteiden alkutaival". Pikaraitiotie (in Finnish). Lahen Lehti. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  24. 1 2 3 Alku, Antero (2002). Raitiovaunu tulee taas (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Kustantaja Laaksonen. pp. 95–96. ISBN   951-98475-3-7.
  25. ↑ Hirvonen, Sauli (17 March 2008). "Pikaraitiotiesuunnitelmat Suomessa". Pikaraitiotie (in Finnish). Lahen Lehti. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  26. ↑ Alku, Antero (18 April 2004). "Pikaraitiotie kannattava Tampereella". Kaupunkiliikenne.net (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  27. ↑ YLE: Runsaan 30 000 asukkaan kunnassa toivotaan kansanäänestystä ratikasta – liikennekysymys kuumentaa tunteita Archived 2021-09-21 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
  28. 1 2 "Tampereen kaupunkiseudun joukkoliikennejärjestelmävaihtoehtojen vertailu" (PDF). TASE 2025 (in Finnish). City of Tampere. March 2007. pp. 62–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  29. 1 2 Alku, Antero (12 September 2006). "Pikaraitiotie etenee Tampereella". Kaupunkiliikenne.net (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  30. ↑ "Rakennemallivaihtoehdot ja niiden vaikutusten arviointi" (PDF). TASE 2025 (in Finnish). City of Tampere. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2009.[ permanent dead link ]
  31. ↑ "10 million trips made during Tampere tram's inaugural year". Yle. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  32. ↑ "First phase of Tampere tramway extension opens".
  33. ↑ Niemelä, Jari (8 August 2010). "Ratikasta päätös keväällä" (in Finnish). Tamperelainen. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
  34. ↑ Husu, Elisa (8 August 2021). "Hyppää liikennöinnin aloittavan Tampereen ratikan kyytiin – rakennustyöt valmistuivat alle budjetin" (in Finnish). MTV Uutiset. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  35. ↑ VR Group to operate Tampere tramway Archived 2019-05-02 at the Wayback Machine Metro Report International 29 April 2019
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.