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Claude Ajit Moraes is a British Labour Party politician and campaigner,who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for London between 1999 and the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020. He was Chair of the Civil Liberties,Justice and Home Affairs Committee,Deputy Leader of the European Parliamentary Labour Party and Vice-President of the Socialists and Democrats Group in the European Parliament.
Since 1945,immigration to the United Kingdom under British nationality law has been significant,in particular from the Republic of Ireland and from the former British Empire,especially India,Bangladesh,Pakistan,the Caribbean,South Africa,Nigeria,Ghana,Kenya,and Hong Kong. Since 1992-1993,when the EU was created,immigrants have come from member states of the European Union,exercising one of the European Union's Four Freedoms. In 2021,since the Brexit came into effect,previous EU citizenship's right to move and reside in the EU on a permanent basis does not apply anymore. A smaller number have come as asylum seekers seeking protection as refugees under the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention.
The United Kingdom is an ethnically diverse society. The largest ethnic group in the United Kingdom is White British,followed by Asian British. Ethnicity in the United Kingdom is formally recorded at the national level through a census. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded a reduced share of White British people in the United Kingdom from the previous 2001 United Kingdom census. Factors that are contributing to the growth of minority populations are varied in nature,including differing birth rates and Immigration.
The British diaspora consists of people of British ancestry who emigrated from the United Kingdom. The largest proportional concentrations of people of self-identified British descent in the world outside of the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories occur in New Zealand (59%),Australia (45%),Canada (30.6%),the United States (11%),South Africa (2.6%) and parts of the Caribbean. Those who do claim British ancestry form a sub-set of those who could claim British ancestry;the British diaspora includes about 200 million people worldwide.
The English diaspora consists of English people and their descendants who emigrated from England. The diaspora is concentrated in the English-speaking world in countries such as the United States,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,Scotland,Ireland,Wales,South Africa and to a lesser extent,Zimbabwe,Zambia,Kenya,South America,and continental Europe.
The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum,commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum,took place on 23 June 2016 in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to ask the electorate whether the country should remain a member of,or leave,the European Union (EU). It was organised and facilitated through the European Union Referendum Act 2015 and the Political Parties,Elections and Referendums Act 2000. The referendum resulted in 51.9% of the votes cast being in favour of leaving the EU. Although the referendum was legally non-binding,the government of the time promised to implement the result.
Brexit was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020. The UK is the only sovereign country to have left the EU. The UK had been a member state of the EU and its predecessor the European Communities (EC) since 1 January 1973. Following Brexit,EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union no longer have primacy over British laws,except in select areas in relation to Northern Ireland. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 retains relevant EU law as domestic law,which the UK can now amend or repeal. Under the terms of the Brexit withdrawal agreement,Northern Ireland continues to participate in the European Single Market in relation to goods,and to be a de facto member of the EU Customs Union.
Issues in the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum,2016 are the economic,human and political issues that were discussed during the campaign about the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union,during the period leading up to the Brexit referendum of 23 June 2016. [Issues that have arisen since then are outside the scope of this article].
A second referendum on independence from the United Kingdom (UK) has been proposed by the Scottish Government. An independence referendum was first held on 18 September 2014,with 55% voting "No" to independence. The Scottish Government stated in its white paper for independence that voting Yes was a "once in a generation opportunity to follow a different path,and choose a new and better direction for our nation". Following the "No" vote,the cross party Smith Commission proposed areas that could be devolved to the Scottish Parliament;this led to the passing of the Scotland Act 2016,formalising new devolved policy areas in time for the 2016 Scottish Parliament election campaign.
After the British EU membership referendum held on 23 June 2016,in which a majority voted to leave the European Union,the United Kingdom experienced political and economic upsets,with spillover effects across the rest of the European Union and the wider world. Prime Minister David Cameron,who had campaigned for Remain,announced his resignation on 24 June,triggering a Conservative leadership election,won by Home Secretary Theresa May. Following Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn's loss of a motion of no confidence among the Parliamentary Labour Party,he also faced a leadership challenge,which he won. Nigel Farage stepped down from leadership of the pro-Leave party UKIP in July. After the elected party leader resigned,Farage then became the party's interim leader on 5 October until Paul Nuttall was elected leader on 28 November.
The result in favour of Brexit of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum is one of the most significant political events for Britain during the 21st century. The debate provoked major consideration to an array of topics,argued up-to,and beyond,the referendum on 23 June 2016. Factors including sovereignty,immigration,the economy and anti-establishment politics,amongst various other influences. The result of the non-legally binding referendum was that 51.8% of the votes were in favour of leaving the European Union. The formal withdrawal from the EU took place at 23:00 on 30 January 2020,almost three years after Theresa May triggered Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty on 29 March 2017. This page provides an overarching analysis of the different arguments which were presented by both the Leave and Remain campaigns.
On 29 March 2017,the United Kingdom (UK) invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) which began the member state's withdrawal,commonly known as Brexit,from the European Union (EU). In compliance with the TEU,the UK gave formal notice to the European Council of its intention to withdraw from the EU to allow withdrawal negotiations to begin.
Between 2017 and 2019,representatives of the United Kingdom and the European Union negotiated the terms for Brexit,the planned withdrawal of the UK from the EU. These negotiations arose following the decision of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to invoke Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union,following the UK's EU membership referendum on 23 June 2016.
In 2016,the impact of Brexit on the European Union (EU) was expected to result in social and economic changes to the Union,but also longer term political and institutional shifts. The extent of these effects remain somewhat speculative until the precise terms of the United Kingdom's post-Brexit relationship with the EU becomes clear. With an end to British participation in the EU's policies on freedom of movement of goods,persons,services,and capital,and the European Union Customs Union,as well as sharing criminal intelligence and other matters,there is a clear impact with consequences for both institutions.
John Edward is Director (CEO) of a Scottish registered charity,previously an EU and Scottish civil servant and campaigner.
This article outlines the delivered and predicted impact of Brexit,the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) and the European Atomic Energy Community.
the3million was established in the United Kingdom as a reaction to the developing Brexit policy landscape in the aftermath of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. The organisation's name is a reference to the estimated number of EU citizens who have moved from another member state to live in the United Kingdom. However,the3million does not take a specific stance on whether the United Kingdom should leave or remain in the European Union and instead the organisation primarily exists to "work with MPs and organisations across the political spectrum on the specific issue of protecting citizens’rights." According to Politics Means Politics magazine,the organisation is the largest group of EU citizens in the UK.
Immigrants from Eastern Europe and their descendants have been present in the United Kingdom,in small numbers,for several centuries,with subsequent large migrations in the 21st century. At times,British media also included people with Central European ancestry in this category. This is similar to the definition of Eastern European in the United States,Canada,and Australia:Coming from former Eastern Bloc countries.
Alexandra Bulat is the first English county councillor of Romanian background,elected in UK local elections on 6 May 2021.
References
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- ↑ "Tanja Bueltmann - founder of the EU Citizens' Champion campaign".
- ↑ "Tanja Bueltmann". www.northumbria.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "About – || The Scottish Diaspora Blog ||". thescottishdiaspora.net. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle, Has the public's initial post-Brexit denial passed? | Europe| News and current affairs from around the continent | DW | 24.07.2016 , retrieved 2018-01-20
- 1 2 "About – || The Scottish Diaspora Blog ||". www.ethnicandexpatriate.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "New Zealand Journal of History - document". www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Sunday Morning for Sunday 30 March 2008 Sunday Morning | RNZ". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ Pearson, D. (2012-10-01). "TANJA BUELTMANN. Scottish Ethnicity and the Making of New Zealand Society, 1850-1930". The American Historical Review. 117 (4): 1209–1210. doi:10.1093/ahr/117.4.1209. ISSN 0002-8762.
- ↑ Tanja., Bueltmann (2011). Scottish ethnicity and the making of New Zealand society, 1850 to 1930. [Place of publication not identified]: Edinburgh Univ Press. ISBN 978-0748646364. OCLC 755006750.
- ↑ Locating the English Diaspora, 1500-2010. Bueltmann, Tanja., Gleeson, David T., MacRaild, Donald M. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-1781387061. OCLC 794181543.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ Tanja., Bueltmann (2013). The Scottish diaspora. Hinson, Andrew., Morton, Graeme. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748650620. OCLC 870832701.
- ↑ Tanja, Bueltmann (April 2015). Clubbing together : ethnicity, civility and formal sociability in the Scottish diaspora to 1930. UPSO eCollections (University Press Scholarship Online). Liverpool. ISBN 978-1781387436. OCLC 911019261.
- ↑ "Saltire Society Scottish Research Book of the Year 2015".
- ↑ "Author Q&A: The English diaspora in North America - Manchester University Press". Manchester University Press. 2017-01-17. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- ↑ Bueltmann, Tanja. "The British diaspora is a story of migrants who changed the world". The Conversation. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Tanja Bueltmann | I Am An Immigrant". www.iamanimmigrant.net. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Tanja Bueltmann". The Guardian. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Why I say Yes to the EU: Tanja Bueltmann – Academics for Europe". academicsforeurope.eu. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Historians for Britain IN Europe". historiansforbritainineurope.org. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ Jones, Bryony. "Exit before Brexit: The 'unwelcome' EU citizens eying their escape". CNN. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "The tolerant UK I love seems to be vanishing". Times Higher Education (THE). 2016-06-16. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ Bueltmann, Tanja. "Mood around immigration has made Britain a nastier place". The Conversation. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Brexit result triggers wave of hate crimes in UK". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Abused in the street, invited to a Brexit BBQ: the limbo of being German in the UK". Lse Brexit. 7 March 2017.
- ↑ "Abused in the street, invited to a Brexit BBQ: the limbo of being German in the UK". EUROPP. 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Hundreds gather for pro-EU rally". BBC News. 2017-03-04. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "The People's March for Europe". Politics.ie. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "Tanja Bueltmann - Guardian profile and articles".
- ↑ "Tanja Bueltmann - HuffPost UK profile and articles".
- ↑ "Tanja Bueltmann - Metro profile and articles". 23 May 2019.
- ↑ "To EU nationals like me, the UK is not our 'destination' – it is our home". Times Higher Education (THE). 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "First bargaining chips, now stocktaking: the plan to register EU citizens". LSE BREXIT. 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "British Government pleads for 'valued' EU citizens to stay after Brexit" . The Independent. 2017-09-14. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
- ↑ "EU academics: we want you in the UK and you will not be asked to leave". December 2017.
- ↑ "To EU nationals like me, the UK is not our 'destination' – it is our home". 4 December 2017.
- ↑ "Endangered Rights: The Impact of Brexit on EU Citizens" (PDF).
- ↑ "About the EU Citizens' Champion campaign".
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