The Tarbelli were an Aquitani tribe dwelling in the present-day regions of Labourd and Chalosse, in the west of Aquitania, during the Iron Age.
Alongside the Auscii, they were one of the most powerful peoples of Aquitania. [1]
They were subjugated in 56 BC by the Roman forces of Caesar's legatus P. Licinius Crassus. [2]
They are mentioned as Tarbelli by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), [3] as Tárbelloi (Τάρβελλοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), [4] as Tarbelli Quattuorsignani by Pliny (1st c. AD), [5] and as Tarbellus on an inscription. [6] [7]
Joaquín Gorrochategui proposed to see the name as the suffix tar- attached to the adjective bel ('black'), which is common in Aquitanian onomastics. [7]
The Tarbelli lived in the regions of Labourd and Chalosse, on both sides of the Adour river. [8] [2] Their territory was located east of the Atlantic Ocean, north of the Vardulli, south of the Cocosates, west of the Tarusates, Atures and Venarni. [9]
Their chief town was known as Aquae Terebellicae or Aquae Tarbellicae (present-day Dax). [2]
It is believed that the Tarbelli spoke a form or dialect of the Aquitanian language, a precursor of the Basque language. [10]
The Tarbelli were a confederation of four tribes. The Cocosates and Tarusates were probably their clients. [11]
Gold extraction and mineral springs brought them a certain wealth, although their main activities remained centred on field and meadow husbandry. [2]
Gallia Aquitania, also known as Aquitaine or Aquitaine Gaul, was a province of the Roman Empire. It lies in present-day southwest France, where it gives its name to the modern region of Aquitaine. It was bordered by the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Narbonensis, and Hispania Tarraconensis.
The Aquitani lived in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, in present-day southwestern France in the 1st century BCE. The Romans dubbed this region Gallia Aquitania. Classical authors such as Julius Caesar and Strabo clearly distinguish the Aquitani from the other peoples of Gaul, and note their similarity to others in the Iberian Peninsula.
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