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The House of Taushani was an Albanian aristocratic family prominent from the 15th to 19th century.[ citation needed ] According to prof. Stavri Naci, the most powerful families of Albania that played an important economic and political role were, "in Shkoder, the Bushati and Caushollaj; in Peja, Begollaj; in Elbasan, Taushani and Bicaku; in Vlora, Velabishtaj and Vlora; in Delvina, Kapllanpashalli; in Kruja, Toptani; and in Kavaja, the Alltuni." [1]
According to the studies of Lef Nosi (scholar and Albanian political figure), [2] some of the most notable members of this house included:[ citation needed ] Ahmet Pasha Taushani (1583)Mutasarrif of Elbasan; Isak and Ismail Bey (Mutasarrif);[ citation needed ] Sefer Vojvoda Taushani (1654);[ citation needed ] Abdullah Pasha Plaku Taushani (1740) (Mutasarrif of Elbasan and Delvina);[ citation needed ] Ahmet Pasha Taushani (1759) (Mutasarrif of Elbasan);[ citation needed ] Abdullah Pasha Taushani (1812-1820) and Abedin Pasha Taushani;[ citation needed ] Mehmet Pasha and Ahmet Bey.[ citation needed ]
Appointed Pasha of the city of Elbasan.[ citation needed ] Between 1812 and 1813, Abdullah Pasha, in the capacity of Sanjakbey of Elbasan[ citation needed ] (roughly equivalent to "district governor"), engaged in the process of the hygienization of the city by cleaning the water and sewage canals that originated from inside Elbasan Castle and finally depositing them in the Shkumbin river. Due to his later political activity against the interests of the Sultan, he was declared a rebel of the Sublime Porte (the Sultan). According to August Boppee, French consul in Janina, Kapllan Pasha of Kruja and Abdullah Pasha of Elbasan (Taushani) acted together with Ali Pasha Tepelena to protect their territories against their common enemies. [3] [ need quotation to verify ] Abduallah Pasha was also a member of the Ali Pashë Tepelena's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. Other members of the Council included Myftar and Veli Pasha (Ali's sons), Xheladin bej Ohri and a number of his trusted men like Hasan Dervishi, Halil Patrona, Omar Vrioni, Meço Bono, Ago Myhyrdari, Thanas Vaja, Veli Gega (murdered by Katsantonis), and Tahir Abazi. [4] [ need quotation to verify ]
Due to his successful campaign in defending the city of Elbasan from the southern lords' advances, the people of Elbasan dedicated him a song:
Abdullah Pasha ne yzgji, Lebrit gjeti ne Shkumbi, Abdullah Pasha nje syzi, mbyti Lebrit ne Shkumbi (Dokumentet Historike te Lef Nosit, Albanian State Archive, Fondi 32, Dossier 47, pages 10–35).
After Ali Pasha's murder, the pro-Sultan fractions in Albania (including the Bushati family of Shkodra), set on fire Abadullah Pasha's saraye (palace). [5] [ need quotation to verify ]
Appointed Pasha of the City of Elbasan after the death of his uncle, Abdullah Pasha. According to Prof. Staver Naçi, [6] after the occupation of Tirana, Durres, and Kruja, the Pasha of Shkodra sent a letter to the paria (nobility) of the City of Elbasan asking them to surrender peacefully and to remove from power the allies of Ali Pasha Tepelena. Once the "paria" learned that Mustafa Pashe of Shkodra (Bushati), was on his way to invade Elbasan, they assembled and elected Mehmet Pasha Taushani (nephew of Abdullah Pashë Taushani from his father's side, and Abaz Pashë Dibra from mother's side) to lead the fight against the advancing troops.
Were among the signatories of the Declaration of Independence of the City of Elbasan [7] [8] on November 25, 1912. In a telegram sent to Ismail Bey Vlora, the signatories declared that "All the People of Elbasan, muslim and christian, in one voice, have accepted the Independence of Albania." (“I gjithe populli i Elbasanit, myslimane dhe te krishtere, me nje ze kane pranuar Indipendencen e Shqiperise”).
An Albanian army officer executed (together with Kamber Benja and Bexhet Manastiri) by the Austrian army after protesting against the removal of Albanian archeological objects from Apolonia, near Fier by the Austrian army. The protest note formulated by Abaz Bey, which was handed over to the Austrian authorities, stated the following: We protest against the removal of all archeological objects without the permission of the Albanian authorities. Although we believe that you have come to Albania as our allies, your hurriedness and escorted removal of all marble busts, golden and bronx rings, and all the painted ceramics with mythological figures that are part of our national history, is unfair and unacceptable. You may not remove the stone chest located within the turkish gymnasium in Berat because in reality, that chest is a crematorium that holds invaluable notes on the history and origin of ancient Illyrian towns.
After their removal, only some the objects managed to reach Austria where they remain exhibited to this day. For their courageous act, the Albanian Monarchy and later, Socialist Albania, proclaimed the fallen officers "Deshmore te Monumenteve" (Martyrs of the Monuments).
In the framework of the 100th anniversary of the declaration of independence and creation of the Albanian Armed Forces, the Ministry of Defense in cooperation with the Academy of Sciences of Albania, declared September 29 as the "National Day of Cultural Heritage" in honor of the three fallen heroes. They were also decorated with the highest military medal for Albanian officers for their extraordinary efforts in preserving the cultural riches of the country. The Albanian movie Dëshmoret e Monumenteve (see Albanian 1980s movies) is also based upon this event.
Abaz Bey was also a leading officer in the Albanian volunteer forces (Albanian : Mëmëdheu) fighting the Greek invasion of the city of Korca and the surrounding areas. [9]
Abaz Bey also led the Albanian forces entering the city of Lushnjë. According to the memoirs of Ahment Shehu, as soon as Abaz entered the city, he immediately replaced the Esadist flag with the national Albanian flag. See Si e perballoi Lushnja pushtimin Austro-Hungarez ne vitet 1916-1918
Described in the Memoirs of Eqrem Bey Vlora: "Zyber Bey Taushani (of the well known aristocratic family from Elbasan)...was a true knight who knew no fear, a true caballero, dressed in the picturesque Albanian national costume... [10]
Members of this family were also part of the nobility of the city of Vlora. In 1764, Ismail Pashe Velibishti, vezir of Vlora and Berat, was declared a rebel by the Sultan and a ferman was issued for his death. The vezir rebelled against the Sultan. He found support among some of the nobility of the city of Vlora (headed by Ismail Bey Taushani/Halla, who had married the vezir's aunt). He also found support from his brothers' in law, Kurt Pasha of Berat and Suleiman Pasha of Elbasan, who provided troops to the rebellion. The rebellion was crushed by the pro-Turkish forces. Ismail Pashe Velibishti was killed inside his uncle's house (Ismail Bey Taushani) and his head was sent to the Sultan. [11]
Halil Beu's song:
Halil Bej O Halil Bej, Ku ma le nusen e re, Ja lash nanes, ja lash babait, Ja lash motres e vellait.
Halil Bej po te thot nana rri mos ik, Do te jap Lemcen me ciflig, Nuk e du Lemcen me nji kam, Do shkoj ne Misir te marre nji zonj te ran.
Vuna kamen permbi shal, se c'po qajne kto agallare, Vuna kamen ne yzgji, se c'po qajn kto temavi.
C'ka gjemia (anija) qe s'ban kam, kthehu Halil se po qan jot'am, C'ka gjemia qe s'ban prrap, ktheu Halil se po te therret yt'at, C'ka gjemia qe s'can dysh, ktheu Halil se te thrret yt'gjysh.
Essad Pasha Toptani or Esad Pasha Toptani, mainly known as Essad Pasha, was an Ottoman army officer who served as the Albanian deputy in the Ottoman Parliament. He was a prominent politician in early 20th-century Albania. Toptani cooperated with the Balkan League after the Balkan Wars and established a state in central Albania, based in Durrës, called the Republic of Central Albania.
Ali Pasha, variously referred to as of Tepelena or of Janina/Yannina/Ioannina, or the Lion of Yannina, was an Ottoman Albanian ruler who served as pasha of a large part of western Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European territories, which was referred to as the Pashalik of Yanina. His court was in Ioannina, and the territory he governed incorporated central and southern Albania, most of Epirus and the western parts of Thessaly and Greek Macedonia. Ali had three sons: Muhtar Pasha, who served in the 1809 war against the Russians, Veli Pasha, who became Pasha of the Morea Eyalet and Salih Pasha, governor of Vlorë.
The Congress of Lushnjë, historically documented by the name Mbledhja Kombiare Lushnje, was a conference of Albanian political leaders held from January 28 to January 31, 1920 in Lushnjë, Albania.
Mustafa Merlika-Kruja was one of the signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence. He served as Prime Minister of Albania during the Italian occupation from December 4, 1941 to January 19, 1943.
The Albanian Declaration of Independence was the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assembly of Vlorë formed the first Government of Albania which was led by Ismail Qemali and the Council of Elders (Pleqnia).
Mufid bej Libohova was an Albanian economist, diplomat and politician and one of the delegates at the Assembly of Vlorë where the Albanian Declaration of Independence took place. He served as the first Minister of Interior of Albania, during the Provisional Government of Albania and since then has held different government positions on nine occasions between 1913–1927, holding the positions of Justice Minister, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Finances, and Minister of Culture.
Syrja Vlora (1860–1940), usually referred as Syrja Bey Vlora, was an Ottoman Albanian politician, an active figure of the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912 and one of the delegates of the Assembly of Vlorë.
Riza Kryeziu (1847-1917), known as Riza Bey Gjakova, was an Albanian nationalist figure and guerrilla fighter, an influential bey in the Gjakova region, then part of the Vilayet of Kosovo, Ottoman Empire, and one of the activists of Albanian national movements of early 20th century.
Sami Bey Vrioni (1876–1947) was an Albanian politician, diplomat, and a delegate at the Assembly of Vlora which declared the Albanian Declaration of Independence. He was a respected and powerful landowner in the Fier region of Albania.
The Albanian revolts of 1833–1839 took place in Albania as a reaction against the new centralizing policy of Ottoman administration.
The All-Albanian Congress or Albanian National Congress or Albanian Independence Congress was a held in Vlorë on November 28, 1912. Congress participants constituted the Assembly of Vlorë which established Albanian Provisional Government and elected Ismail Qemali as its president.
The Sanjak of Avlona was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire which county town was Berat in Albania. It was established in 1466, after the construction of the Elbasan Castle of the territory that belonged to the preceding Ottoman sanjak, Sanjak of Albania.
The Congress of Durrës was a conference of Albanian political leaders, held from December 25 to December 27, 1918, in Durrës, at the time capital of the Principality of Albania.
The Elderly Assembly was a senate of Albania which independence was declared on 28 November 1912 in Vlorë. The senate was established on the 4 December 1912 by the Assembly of Vlorë. It was composed of 18 members of the assembly and had advisory role to the government of Albania.
Abdullah Pashe Taushani of Elbasan was a member of the Ali Pasha Tepelena's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. Other members of the Council included Myftar Pasha, Veli Pasha, Xheladin bej Ohri and a number of his trusted men like Hasan Dervishi, Halil Patrona, Omar Vrioni, Meço Bono, Ago Myhyrdari, Thanasis Vagias, Veli Gega and Tahir Abazi.
Hysni Curri (?–1925) was a Kosovar Albanian military figure and a prominent leader of the Kachak movement and the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo.
Aqif Pasha Biçaku mostly known as Aqif Pashë Elbasani was an Ottoman Albanian political figure in the Sanjak of Elbasan and after the Young Turk Revolution became an activist for the Albanian national cause.
Marenglen Verli (1951–) is an Albanian historian and scholar. Since 2009, he is a member of the Academy of Sciences of Albania.
The Second Congress of Manastir was an Albanian congress held on 2–3 April 1910 in Manastir, back then Ottoman Empire, today's Bitola in the Republic of Macedonia. It dealt with the challenges that the Albanian language and schools faced at the time within the context of the empire, and the platform to overcome them.
The Alltuni were a wealthy and powerful Albanian feudal family at a time when the present day territory of Albania was under Ottoman rule. For almost two centuries they ruled over the entire region of Kavajë and large parts of the Myzeqe plains.
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