Vlach katun from Herzegovina
For the village near Stolac, see Burmazi, Stolac.
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Burmazi was an Albanian tribe which is attested in Herzegovina in the Middle Ages. [1] [2]
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Burmazi was an Albanian tribe which is attested in Herzegovina in the Middle Ages. [1] [2]
The name Burmazi is a compound of the Albanian words burr (man) + madh (big or great). [3] The form Burmazi instead of Burmadhi signifies a retained characteristic from an older phase in the Albanian language before /z/ settled into the voiced dental fricative /ð/. [4]
The Burmazi are first mentioned in 1300 as a Vlach katun, that is a semi-nomadic community based on kinship ties that lived in non-permanent settlements, located in the area around Stolac and Trebinje. In the archives of Ragusa they are grouped together in terms of social and economic organization with the also pastoral Vlachs whose name figured as inclusive of all semi-nomadic pastoralists in the area, but recorded as Albanians otherwise. [5] By 1343 they had elevated in social status and began to appear in Ragusan documents also as traders between the hinterlands of Herzegovina and Ragusa. [6]
Over time they were Slavicized. This process started in the late 14th century when they gradually moved from being bilingual in Albanian and Slavic to monolingual in Slavic only. This is reflected also in their anthroponymy as personal names like Burmaz started to be used in their Slavic translation, Velislav. [7] By the early 15th century they began to settle permanently in the area of the modern village Burmazi and were further concentrated in Ljubomir and Domaševo in Trebinje. The village of Arbanaška has also been linked to them.[ citation needed ] In the defter of the Sanjak of Herzegovina from 1470, Burmazi appears as distinct nahiye of 40 settlements. [6] The Ottoman conquest of Herzegovina saw a threefold demographic change in Burmazi. A part of the people converted to Islam and started to move in the newly formed Ottoman urban centres of Bosnia. A larger part left the area and settled in the Dalmatian Hinterland in Šibenik and the village of Ogorje in Muć, in the island of Korčula, especially in Vela Luka, in the village of Blata, in Makarska and in Kaštel in Istria. A later third wave of emigration occurred towards Serbia in the area of Vrnjacka Banja. [6]
The brotherhoods of Burmazi also included the Zotovići, the Milkovići and the Gledjevići, who since the late 14th century formed their own branch and gradually became one of the urban families of Ragusa with estates around Trebinje.
The earlier, non-Slavic form of Zotović is Zot, which means lord in Albanian. [5] Geographer Jevto Dedijer who traveled in the village to study its history noted that this earlier form was inscribed in the village in older family monuments like a cross that bore the name of village elder Petar Zot. [4]
The Burmazi have left their name to the village of Burmazi, which is today divided between the municipalities of Stolac and Berkovići as a result of the Bosnian War. Those living in the part of the village located in the municipality of Stolac are mainly Croats, with a minority of Bosniaks, while those living in the now uninhabited area in the municipality of Berkovići were Serbs.
It is also presumed that the surnames Burmazović and Burmazević have their origin in this tribe.[ citation needed ]
Quite the same way, the Albanian tribe of the Burmazi, who during the first half of the fourteenth century were settled in the Serbian-Ragusan border where they were entrusted with policing and garrison duties, are reported to have been frequently engaged in looting activities.
Maleševci was a historical Vlach katun of Herzegovina that existed in the Late Middle Ages.
Stolac is an ancient city located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the region of Herzegovina. Stolac is one of the oldest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World.
Berkovići is a village and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 2,114 inhabitants.
Piperi is a historical tribe (pleme) of Albanian origin and a region in northeastern Montenegro. Piperi is located between the Morača and Zeta rivers up to the northern suburbs of the Montenegrin capital Podgorica.
Kuči is a historical tribe of Albanian origin, inhabiting the modern central and eastern Montenegro, north-east of Podgorica, extending along the border with Albania. Processes of Slavicisation during the Ottoman era and onwards facilitated ethno-linguistic shifts within much of the community. As such, people from the Kuči today largely identify themselves as Montenegrins and Serbs, with a minority still identifying as Albanians. In other areas such as the Sandžak, many Muslim descendants of the Kuči today identify as Bosniaks.
Drobnjaci is a Serb tribe and historical region, Drobnjak, in Old Herzegovina in Montenegro. Its unofficial centre is in Šavnik. The Serb Orthodox families have St. George (Đurđevdan) as their patron saint (slava) and the majority of churches in Drobnjak are dedicated to St. George as well. Families of distant Drobnjak origin are present in all former Yugoslav republics and in Hungary and Hungarian-populated parts of Romania and Slovakia, where it is spelled in its Magyarized form as Drobnyák.
Bjelopavlići is a historical tribe (pleme) of Albanian origin and a valley in the region of the Brda, in Montenegro, around the city of Danilovgrad.
Stećak is the name for monumental medieval tombstones, that lie scattered across Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the border parts of Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia. An estimated 60,000 are found within the borders of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina and the rest of 10,000 are found in what are today Croatia (4,400), Montenegro (3,500), and Serbia (2,100), at more than 3,300 odd sites with over 90% in poor condition. They are cut in a variety of recognizable stećak forms, with certain percentage being richly decorated and some individual stećci also containing inscriptions in form of epitaphs.
The tribes of Montenegro or Montenegrin tribes are historical tribes in the areas of Old Montenegro, Brda, Old Herzegovina and Primorje.
Herzegovina is the southern and smaller of two main geographical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It presently does not have strictly defined administrative borders, however in the past it was organized as Sanjak of Herzegovina and Herzegovina Eyalet (1833–1851).
Gleđević, less commonly spelled Gledjević was a Ragusan family hailing from Trebinje. They had possessions in modern Berkovići, in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the toponym Gleđevići has survived. They originally were a brootherhood of the Burmazi tribe, however since the late 14th century they formed their own branch and gradually became one of the urban families of Ragusa with estates around Trebinje.
The Miloradović or later Stjepanović (Стјепановић), whose paternal parent house was Hrabren (Храбрен), were an Eastern Orthodox Bosnian Vlach noble family and a katun clan from Hum, and later Sanjak of Herzegovina, parts of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, and whose some later branches embraced the Bosnian Serb ethnic identity, while others converted to Islam and became Bosnian Muslims. The members of the family served the Kingdom of Bosnia, the Republic of Ragusa, and the Ottoman Empire. One branch of the Miloradović's established themselves as military leaders of Russian Empire and were adopted into the Russian nobility. The family left behind several cultural-historical monuments important to Bosnian and Herzegovinian heritage, protected as such by the KONS state agency and the UNESCO.
The Nikšići was one of the historical tribes in the Ottoman Sanjak of Herzegovina, constituting the Nikšić nahija. It was part of Old Herzegovina, that in 1858 was de facto incorporated into the Principality of Montenegro.
The Mataruge were a medieval Albanian tribe which originally lived in Old Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia. Their name is attested in historical record for the first time in 1222 in the Pelješac peninsula of Dalmatia. Throughout the 20th century, they were considered to have stopped existing as a separate community during the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the 15th century. Modern research in the Ottoman archives showed that they had dispersed throughout the western Balkans following Ottoman conquest and formed settlements in other areas. By 1477, a part of them lived in the kaza of Prijepolje, where they formed their own distinct community (nahiye) with 10 villages (katund). One of their leaders appears in the defter to have been a Vojko Arbanash. Other Mataruga communities had moved in central Croatia and Bosnia. Over time they became culturally integrated in the surrounding communities of their new homelands. Families who trace their origin to the tribe are found today in all countries of the western Balkans.
The Kriči were an Albanian tribe that inhabited the region around the Tara river, roughly corresponding to the modern region of Mojkovac. Under similar names, the Kriči have been periodically mentioned in historical sources, geographical and ethnological literature. As other pre-Slavic tribes in the region, they eventually assimilated into the Serb ethnos. Some toponyms in Montenegro and surnames are derived from the name of this tribe.
Vlachs in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina were a Western Balkans population descending from a mixture of Romanized pre-Slavic Romance-speaking peoples and the South Slavs. From the 14th century the ethnic meaning of term "Vlach" was replaced with societal meaning and often meant the Slavic population with similar lifestyle. They practiced transhumance as herdsmen, shepherds, farmers, and in time developed peculiar socio-political organizational units known as katuns. With their caravans, Vlach carried out much of the traffic between Bosnian inland and coastal cities such as Dubrovnik. They also had close contacts and militarily served various Bosnian noble families and kings.
Vrsinje was a medieval župa, at times part of the Kingdom of Serbia, the Kingdom of Bosnia, and briefly, as a nahiya of the Ottoman Empire. It was a county in the land of Travunija. After the Ottoman conquest, it was replaced by the Zupci.
The Albanians of Bosnia and Herzegovina are people of full or partial Albanian ancestry and heritage in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Burmazi is a village in the municipalities of Berkovići, Republika Srpska, and Stolac, the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The katun is a rural self-governing community in the Balkans, traditional of the living style of Albanians, Vlachs, as well as some Slavic communities of hill people. Traditionally, a katun is based on strong kinship ties and the practice of a closed farming economy based on stockbreeding, constantly moving to find pasture. The community based its organizational, political and economic activities on the decisions of a council of elders or a senior member appointed as its leader. The Albanian communities strictly followed the Kanun, their traditional customary law that has directed all the aspects of their kinship-based society.