Copepods are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic, some are benthic, several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshwater copepods between them.
The European sprat, also known as brisling, brisling sardine, bristling, garvie, garvock, Russian sardine, russlet, skipper or whitebait, is a species of small marine fish in the herring family Clupeidae. Found in European, West Asian and North African waters, it has silver grey scales and white-grey flesh. Specific seas in which the species occurs include the Irish Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea and Sea of the Hebrides. The fish is the subject of fisheries, particularly in Scandinavia, and is made into fish meal, as well as being used for human consumption. When used for food it can be canned, salted, breaded, fried, boiled, grilled, baked, deep fried, marinated, broiled, and smoked.
Wilhelm Giesbrecht (1854–1913) was a Prussian zoologist, specialising in copepods, during the "golden age of copepodology".
Phaennidae is a family of planktonic copepods, found in pelagic or benthopelagic waters. It contains the following genera:
Platycopiidae is a family of copepods. Until the description of Nanocopia in 1988, it contained the single genus Platycopia. It now contains four genera, three of which are monotypic; the exception is Platycopia, with 8 species.
Gaussia is a genus of copepods. The genus contains bioluminescent species. It is a "characteristic genus of the mesopelagial", occurring at depths of 0–3,000 metres (0–9,843 ft). The genus Gaussia contains the following species:
Temoridae is a family of copepods, containing the following genera:
Euaugaptilus is a genus of copepods. The genus contains bioluminescent species.
Augaptilidae is a family of copepods.
Mormonillidae is a family of planktonic marine copepods, the only member of the order Mormonilloida. There are five known species in two genera:
Temora is a genus of copepods in the family Temoridae. The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species:
Temora longicornis is a species of copepod in the family Temoridae. It is found in marine environments on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
Temora stylifera is a copepod primarily found in the Atlantic and surrounding waters.
Temora turbinata is a copepod in the Temoridae family. It is an epipelagic species, having been recorded in coastal waters around the world. It was first described in 1849 by American scientist James Dwight Dana.
Temora discaudata is a copepod in the family Temoridae. It was first described in 1849 by James Dwight Dana, being placed in the Calanus genus. It was described as a member of the Temora genus in 1889 by Prussian zoologist Wilhelm Giesbrecht. The female measures between 1.68 mm to 2.05 mm in length, while the male ranges between 1.65 and 1.85 mm. It is found in the Pacific, Indian, and (marginally) Atlantic Oceans.
Eurytemora is a genus of copepods in the family Temoridae.
Hemirhabdus is a genus of copepods belonging to the family Heterorhabdidae.
Aetideidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida.
Arietellidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida.
