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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to animals that use hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone.
Archaeoglobus is a genus of the phylum Euryarchaeota. Archaeoglobus can be found in high-temperature oil fields where they may contribute to oil field souring.
Heme oxygenase or haem oxygenase (HO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme. This produces biliverdin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide. HO was first described in the late 1960's when Raimo Tenhunen demonstrated an enzymatic reaction for heme catabolism. HO is the premier source for endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) production. Indeed, monitored small doses of CO are being studied for therapeutic benefits.
Mycobacterium gordonae is a species of Mycobacterium named for Ruth E. Gordon. It is a species of the phylum actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Thermosinus carboxydivorans is an anaerobic, thermophilic, Gram-negative, carbon-monoxide-oxidizing, hydrogenogenic bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is facultatively carboxydotrophic, curved, motile, rod-shaped, with a length of 2.6–3 μm, a width of about 0.5 μm and lateral flagellation. Its type strain is Nor1T.
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are chemical compounds designed to release controlled amounts of carbon monoxide (CO). CORMs are being developed as potential therapeutic agents to locally deliver CO to cells and tissues, thus overcoming limitations of CO gas inhalation protocols.
Thermolithobacteria is a class of rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria within phylum Firmicutes. Species within this class are thermophilic lithotrophs isolated from sediment in Calcite Springs in Yellowstone National Park. Thermolithobacter ferrireducens strain JW/KA-2(T) metabolism consists of the oxidation of hydrogen gas and reduction of ferric oxide to magnetite. Thermolithobacter carboxydivorans strain R1(T) is hydrogenic and oxidizes carbon monoxide.
Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), not to be confused with Acetyl-CoA synthetase or Acetate-CoA ligase, is a nickel-containing enzyme involved in the metabolic processes of cells. Together with Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), it forms the bifunctional enzyme Acetyl-CoA Synthase/Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase (ACS/CODH) found in anaerobic organisms such as archaea and bacteria. The ACS/CODH enzyme works primarily through the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway which converts carbon dioxide to Acetyl-CoA. The recommended name for this enzyme is CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase.
Thermosinus is a Gram-negative bacteria genus from the family of Acidaminococcaceae. Up to now there is only one species of this genus known.
Tsukamurella carboxydivorans is a Gram-positive and carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from soil near a road from Seoul in Korea.
Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Pseudonocardia which has been isolated from soil in Seoul in Korea. Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans has the ability to oxidize carbon monoxide.
Terrabacter tumescens is a species of Gram-positive, mesophilic bacteria. Young cells are long rods, and older cultures are coccoid. It was first described in 1934, and its name is derived from Latin tume, referencing how older cells swell and break off new cells. It was initially isolated from soil. The optimum growth temperature for T. tumescens is 25-30 °C and can grow in the 10-35 °C range.
Terrabacter is a genus of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, non-sporeforming bacteria. The genus name is derived from Latin terra (earth), referring to the type species' original isolation from soil. The genus was first proposed in 1989; however, the type species Terrabacter tumescens was originally described in 1934, and had previously been classified in the genera Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, and Pimelobacter. Terrabacter species have been isolated from soil, air and stone.
Terrabacter aeriphilus is a species of Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Cells are either rods or coccoid. It was initially isolated from an air sample in Taean County, South Korea. The species was first described in 2010, and its name is derived from Latin aer (air), and Greek philos (loving).
Terrabacter aerolatus is a species of Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Cells are either rods or coccoid. It was initially isolated from an air sample in Jeju Province, South Korea. The species was first described in 2007, and its name is derived from Latin aer (air) and latus (carried).
Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans is a species of Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Cells are short rods. It was initially isolated from ginseng soil from a farm near Pocheon, South Korea. The species was first described in 2010, and its name refers the bacteria's ability to transform ginsenosides into rare gypenosides.
Terrabacter koreensis is a species of Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Cells are rod-shaped. It was initially isolated from soil from a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. The species was first described in 2014, and its name refers to its South Korean isolation location.
Terrabacter lapilli is a species of Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Cells are short rods. It was initially isolated from a small stone from an agricultural field in Jeju Province, South Korea. The species was first described in 2008, and its name is derived from Latin lapilli.
Terrabacter terrae is a species of Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Cells are long, irregular rods. It was initially isolated from soil mixed with Iberian pig hair from Spain. The species was first described in 2005, and its name is derived from terrae. The species was discovered during a survey for bacteria with keratinase activity. T. terrae was the second species added to the genus Terrabacter after the type species, T. tumescens, was added to the novel genus in 1989.
Terrabacter terrigena is a species of Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Cells are rod-shaped. It was initially isolated from soil from around a wastewater treatment plant in South Korea. The species was first described in 2009, and its name is derived from Latin terrigena referring to the isolation of the type strain from soil.
References
- 1 2 Kim, S. M.; Park, S. W.; Park, S. T.; Kim, Y. M. (5 March 2010). "Terrabacter carboxydivorans sp. nov., a carbon monoxide-oxidizing actinomycete". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61 (3): 482–486. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.020826-0.