That's Why Darkies Were Born

Last updated

"That's Why Darkies Were Born"
That's Why Darkies Were Born.jpg
Song by various artists
Released1931
Recorded1931
Songwriter(s) Ray Henderson and Lew Brown
Notably recorded by Paul Robeson and Kate Smith

"That's Why Darkies Were Born" was a popular song written by Ray Henderson and Lew Brown. It originated in George White's Scandals of 1931, where white baritone Everett Marshall performed the song in blackface. [1]

Contents

The song was most famously recorded by popular singer Kate Smith, whose rendition was a hit in 1931, [2] [ better source needed ] and by award-winning singer, film star, scholar, and civil rights activist Paul Robeson. [3] [4] It was also featured in a 1931 all-star recording of a medley of songs from George White's Scandals, where it was sung by Frank Munn on Brunswick and just as famously part of Paul Whiteman medley sung by Native American jazz singer Mildred Bailey on Victor.

One verse runs:

Someone had to pick the cotton,
Someone had to plant the corn,
Someone had to slave and be able to sing,
That's why darkies were born.

The song was part of a fatalistic musical genre in the 1930s where African Americans were depicted as "fated to work the land, fated to be where they are, to never change." [1] "That's Why Darkies Were Born" has been described as presenting a satirical view of racism, [5] although others have said there is no evidence that the song was ever performed in a satirical or joking manner. [1] The song was criticized as racist by African American audiences in the early 1930s, and Mildred Bailey received many letters from the public urging her to stop performing it in 1931. [1]

The song is referenced in the Marx Brothers film Duck Soup , when Groucho Marx's character Rufus T. Firefly says, "My father was a little headstrong, my mother was a little armstrong. The Headstrongs married the Armstrongs, and that's why darkies were born." [5] Part of Marx's line, primarily the term "darkies," was removed from television prints of this film in the early 1970s. The full dialogue was restored in 1980 for home video releases and future broadcast syndication.[ citation needed ]

On April 18, 2019, the baseball team New York Yankees announced that Kate Smith's rendition of "God Bless America" would no longer be played at Yankee Stadium, citing "That's Why Darkies Were Born" along with another controversial song sung by Smith, "Pickaninny Heaven". [6] [7] The Philadelphia Flyers followed suit the next day, covering up a statue of Smith that stood outside the Wells Fargo Center, [8] then removing the statue on April 21, 2019. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Robeson</span> American singer, actor, and political activist (1898–1976)

Paul Leroy Robeson was an American bass-baritone concert artist, stage and film actor, professional football player, and activist who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political stances.

"God Bless America" is an American patriotic song written by Irving Berlin of Belarusian origin during World War I in 1918 and revised by him in the run up to World War II in 1938. The later version was notably recorded by Kate Smith, becoming her signature song.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Let Robeson Sing</span> 2001 single by Manic Street Preachers

"Let Robeson Sing" is a song by Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. It was released in September 2001 by record label Epic as the fourth and final single from their sixth studio album, Know Your Enemy. It reached number 19 in the UK Singles Chart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kate Smith</span> American contralto (1907–1986)

Kathryn Elizabeth Smith was an American contralto. Referred to as The First Lady of Radio, Smith is well known for her renditions of "God Bless America" and "When the Moon Comes over the Mountain". She became known as The Songbird of the South because of her tremendous popularity during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">God Bless the U.S.A.</span> 1984 single by Lee Greenwood

"God Bless the U.S.A." is an American patriotic song written and recorded by American country music artist Lee Greenwood, and is considered to be his signature song. The first album it appears on is his 1984 album You've Got a Good Love Comin'. It reached No. 7 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart when originally released in the spring of 1984. That summer, the song was included in a film about President Ronald Reagan, the Republican presidential nominee, that was shown at the 1984 Republican National Convention. "God Bless the U.S.A." gained prominence during the 1988 United States presidential election campaign, when Greenwood performed the song at the 1988 Republican National Convention and at rallies for the Republican nominee, George H.W. Bush. The song was also featured in television advertisements for Bush. The song became popular again during the Gulf War in 1990 and 1991. As a result of its newfound popularity, Greenwood re-recorded the track for his 1992 album American Patriot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ronan Tynan</span> Irish singer

Ronan Tynan is an Irish tenor singer and former Paralympic athlete.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ol' Man River</span> 1925 composition by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II

"Ol' Man River" is a show tune from the 1927 musical Show Boat with music by Jerome Kern and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, who wrote the song in 1925. The song contrasts the struggles and hardships of African Americans with the endless, uncaring flow of the Mississippi River. It is sung from the point of view of a black stevedore on a showboat, and is the most famous song from the show. The song is meant to be performed in a slow tempo; it is sung complete once in the musical's lengthy first scene by the stevedore "Joe" who travels with the boat, and, in the stage version, is heard four more times in brief reprises. Joe serves as a sort of musical one-man Greek chorus, and the song, when reprised, comments on the action, as if saying, "This has happened, but the river keeps rolling on anyway."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lee Greenwood</span> American country music artist (born 1942)

Melvin Lee Greenwood is an American country music singer-songwriter. He also plays the saxophone. Active since 1962, he has released more than 20 major-label albums and has charted more than 35 singles on the Billboard country music charts.

Show Boat is a 1936 American romantic musical film directed by James Whale, based on the 1927 musical of the same name by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II, which in turn was adapted from the 1926 novel of the same name by Edna Ferber.

"Oh Shenandoah" is a traditional folk song, sung in the Americas, of uncertain origin, dating to the early 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American patriotic music</span> Music reflecting the history and culture of the United States

American patriotic music is a part of the culture and history of the United States since its foundation in the 18th Century. It has served to encourage feelings of honor both for the country's forefathers and for national unity. They include hymns, military themes, national songs, and musical numbers from stage and screen, as well as others adapted from many poems. Much of American patriotic music owes its origins to six main wars — the American Revolution, the American Indian Wars, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the American Civil War, and the Spanish–American War. During the period prior to American independence, much of the country's patriotic music was aligned with the political ambitions of the British in the new land. And so, several songs are tied with the country's British origin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I'll Get By (As Long as I Have You)</span>

"I'll Get By (As Long as I Have You)" is a popular song with music by Fred E. Ahlert and lyrics by Roy Turk that was published in 1928. Versions by Nick Lucas, Aileen Stanley and, most successfully, Ruth Etting, all charted in America in 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mississippi Mud</span> Song written by Harry Barris

"Mississippi Mud" is a 1927 song written by Harry Barris, first sung by Bing Crosby as a member of Paul Whiteman's Rhythm Boys. Its musical composition entered the public domain on January 1, 2023.

"Rockin' Chair is a 1929 popular song with lyrics and music composed by Hoagy Carmichael. Musically it is unconventional, as after the B section when most popular songs return to A, this song has an A-B-C-A1 structure. Carmichael recorded the song in 1929, 1930, and 1956. Mildred Bailey made it famous by using it as her theme song. Like other 1920s standards, "Rockin' Chair" relied on the stereotypes of minstrelsy, citing "Aunt Harriet" from the anti-Uncle Tom song "Aunt Harriet Becha Stowe" (1853).

Lauren Hart (born January 10, 1967) is an American singer based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is best known for singing the American and Canadian national anthems prior to Philadelphia Flyers games, the team for which her father Gene Hart was the long-time television and radio announcer for 29 years, and also performing a duet of "God Bless America" with a taped version of Kate Smith on several occasions, especially big games, among them games in the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals. When the 2004-05 season was cancelled because of a lockout, Hart was able to continue her duties with the Flyers AHL affiliate, the Philadelphia Phantoms. In a 2005 Hockey News poll, she was voted the best anthem singer in NHL history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Will Cain</span> American television host and political analyst (born 1975)

Charles Williams Cain is an American columnist, political analyst, and sports commentator. He is currently the co-host of Fox & Friends Weekend on Fox News. Previously, Cain had been a contributor for ESPN, joining the network in March 2015, working with the features unit and E:60 and appearing on First Take. He was the host of The Will Cain Show on ESPN Radio, which ran from January 2018 to June 2020. He has also been a contributor for Blaze Media and CNN, appearing frequently on Soledad O'Brien's morning program Starting Point.

"All God's Chillun Got Rhythm" is a 1937 jazz standard. It was written by Walter Jurmann, Gus Kahn and Bronisław Kaper especially for Ivie Anderson, who performed it in the Marx Brothers' 1937 film A Day at the Races, the tune was also used for the opening theme.

<i>What We So Proudly Hail</i> 1946 compilation album by Bing Crosby

What So Proudly We Hail is a compilation album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby released in 1946 featuring songs that were sung by Crosby in an American-type patriotic style. This album featured Bing singing patriotic songs such as: "Ballad for Americans", "God Bless America" and "The Star-Spangled Banner". The songs were later presented in a 33 1/3 rpm split set with The Man Without a Country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesus Christ 2005 God Bless America</span> 2020 single by the 1975

"Jesus Christ 2005 God Bless America" is a song by English band the 1975 from their fourth studio album, Notes on a Conditional Form (2020). The song was written by band members Matty Healy, George Daniel, Adam Hann and Ross MacDonald, while Daniel and Healy handled the song's production. It was released on 2 April 2020 by Dirty Hit and Polydor Records as the fifth single from the album. The song features guest vocals from singer-songwriter Phoebe Bridgers. Healy re-wrote the song several times, focusing on the prison–industrial complex and the religious oppression of young people, while the final version was created as a patchwork from each iteration. After meeting Bridgers, the band invited her to record vocals for the song, turning it into a duet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Statue of Kate Smith</span> Bronze sculpture in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

A statue of singer Kate Smith (1907–1986) by Marc Mellon was installed outside Philadelphia's Xfinity Live!, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, until 2019.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Schad, Tom (June 23, 2019). "'A song is never just a song': The complicated history behind the controversy over Kate Smith's 'God Bless America'". USA Today. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  2. "Top Ten Hits of 1931". Ntl.matrix.com.br. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  3. "Paul Robeson discography". Wirz' American Music.
  4. "Paul Robeson discography". Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility -- Chicago Chapter. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  5. 1 2 Snider, Eric D. (February 28, 2011). "What's the Big Deal?: Duck Soup (1933)". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  6. Bondy, Stefan (April 18, 2019). "Yankees dump Kate Smith's 'God Bless America' from rotation over singer's racist songs". Daily News. New York. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  7. "Pickaninny Heaven, by Kate Smith". Song Facts. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
  8. Bryan, Cleve (April 19, 2019). "Flyers To Stop Using Kate Smith's Recording Of 'God Bless America,' Covering Statue After Alleged History Of Racism". CBS Philly. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  9. Rolen, Emily (April 21, 2019). "Kate Smith statue removed from Wells Fargo Center". Philly Voice. Retrieved April 21, 2019.