The 1870s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1870, and ended on December 31, 1879.
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 7, 1876. Republican Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio very narrowly defeated Democrat Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York. Following President Ulysses S. Grant's decision to retire after his second term, U.S. Representative James G. Blaine emerged as frontrunner for the Republican nomination; however, Blaine was unable to win a majority at the 1876 Republican National Convention, which settled on Hayes as a compromise candidate. The 1876 Democratic National Convention nominated Tilden on the second ballot.
Lucy Ware Hayes was the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes and served as first lady of the United States from 1877 to 1881.
George Hunt Pendleton was an American politician, lawyer and diplomat. He represented Ohio in both houses of Congress and was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1864.
The history of the United States from 1865 to 1917 was marked by the Reconstruction era, the Gilded Age, and the Progressive Era, and includes the rise of industrialization and the resulting surge of immigration in the United States.
The Compromise of 1877, also known as the Wormley Agreement, the Bargain of 1877, or the Corrupt Bargain, was an unwritten political deal in the United States to settle the intense dispute over the results of the 1876 presidential election, ending the filibuster of the certified results and the threat of political violence in exchange for an end to federal Reconstruction.
In United States history, the Gilded Age is the period from about the late 1870s to the late 1890s, which occurred between the Reconstruction era and the Progressive Era. It was named by 1920s historians after Mark Twain's 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. Historians saw late 19th-century economic expansion as a time of materialistic excesses marked by widespread political corruption.
The Progressive Era (1890s–1920s) was a period in the United States characterized by multiple social and political reform efforts. Reformers during this era, known as Progressives, sought to address issues they associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption, as well as the concentration of industrial ownership in monopolies. Reformers expressed concern about slums, poverty, and labor conditions. Multiple overlapping movements pursued social, political, and economic reforms by advocating changes in governance, scientific methods, and professionalism; regulating business; protecting the natural environment; and seeking to improve urban living and working conditions.
The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center is a complex comprising several buildings related to the life and presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes. It is one of the first presidential libraries, built in 1916.
Progressivism in the United States is a left-leaning political philosophy and reform movement. Into the 21st century, it advocates policies that are generally considered social democratic and part of the American Left. It has also expressed itself within center-right politics, such as New Nationalism and progressive conservatism. It reached its height early in the 20th century. Middle/working class and reformist in nature, it arose as a response to the vast changes brought by modernization, such as the growth of large corporations, pollution, and corruption in American politics. Historian Alonzo Hamby describes American progressivism as a "political movement that addresses ideas, impulses, and issues stemming from modernization of American society. Emerging at the end of the nineteenth century, it established much of the tone of American politics throughout the first half of the century."
These are the references for further information regarding the history of the Republican Party in the U.S. since 1854.
Richard Schneirov is a Professor Emeritus of history and noted labor historian at Indiana State University.
The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes began on March 4, 1877, when Rutherford B. Hayes was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1881. Hayes became the 19th president, after being awarded the closely contested 1876 presidential election by Republicans in Congress who agreed to the Compromise of 1877. That Compromise promised to pull federal troops out of the South, thus ending Reconstruction. He refused to seek re-election and was succeeded by James A. Garfield, a fellow Republican and ally.
Mary O. Furner is an American historian.
Rutherford Platt Hayes was an American librarian who was the third son of Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th president of the United States.
Peleg Whitman Chandler was an American lawyer, legal news reporter and editor, Boston's city attorney (solicitor), and a two-term state legislator in the Massachusetts General Court.
Cecelia Tichi is an American academic and author of mystery novels. She is the Gertrude Conaway Vanderbilt Professor of English and American Studies at Vanderbilt University. She is a former president of the American Studies Association, and the winner of the Jay B. Hubbell Medal for lifetime achievement in American literature.
Christopher McKnight Nichols is an American historian. He is the Wayne Woodrow Hayes Chair in National Security Studies and Professor of History at The Ohio State University.
The Search For Order, 1877-1920 is a 1967 history textbook by American historian Robert H. Wiebe. First published in January 1967, it was included as part of The Making of America series at Harvard University, a six-volume history of the United States. Wiebe was a professor of history at Northwestern University and the author of multiple other works of American history including Businesses and Reform: A Study of the Progressive Movement. A forward was written by David Herbert Donald.
Julie Greene is an American historian, specializing in transnational history, global labor history, and American immigration history, best known for her books Pure and Simple Politics (1998) and The Canal Builders (2009), the latter for which she was awarded a James A. Rawley Prize in 2010. She has been the professor of history at the University of Maryland, College Park since 2010, and the editor-in-chief of the academic journal Labor: Studies in Working-Class History since 2023.
