The Lid Off Los Angeles

Last updated

"The Lid Off Los Angeles" was a 1939 six-part series of newsmagazine articles that ran in Liberty, an American general interest magazine. The series, written by Dwight F. McKinney and Fred Allhoff, asserted that the Los Angeles Police Department, in cooperation with officials in municipal government, had partnered with organized crime figures in the city for mutual financial benefit but to the detriment of the body politic. The article alleged police protection of gambling, alcohol smuggling, and bordello prostitution in exchange for payoffs by crime bosses, as well bribery, intimidation, spying, dirty tricks, ratfucking, and ultimately violence on the part of the corrupt LAPD to protect gambling-prostitute-bootlegging revenue for crime bosses over a 20-year period, ending under the administrations of Chief of Police James E. Davis and Los Angeles mayor Frank L. Shaw. Frank L. Shaw, who had been removed from Los Angeles City Hall and replaced with Fletcher Bowron by the 1938 Los Angeles mayoral recall election, sued the authors for libel, sued again for a different article in another magazine, and was later countersued by civic reformer Clifford Clinton for making false allegations. A jury in the first lawsuit was unable to reach a verdict. After lengthy court proceedings over several years, all parties settled out of court in 1943. The articles are considered very influential in the history of Los Angeles, and the title has been continuously reused in reference to crime and problems generally in Los Angeles. The title of the series comes from a statement made by Clinton in the wake of the car bomb that almost killed private investigator Harry J. Raymond; he announced he had information about the involvement of elected officials that would "blow the lid off of Los Angeles". [1]

Contents

Libel suit

Los Angeles Herald Examiner photos of the 1942 libel trial; top left, the jury; top right, Shaw at center with his attorneys; bottom, defendant Dwight McKinney, second from left, surrounded by attorneys (Los Angeles Public Library photo collection) Shaw libel trial images.jpg
Los Angeles Herald Examiner photos of the 1942 libel trial; top left, the jury; top right, Shaw at center with his attorneys; bottom, defendant Dwight McKinney, second from left, surrounded by attorneys (Los Angeles Public Library photo collection)

Shaw filed a lawsuit in 1940 claiming he'd been libeled by the authors, and the publisher, [2] and seeking upward of $650,000 in damages. [3] In March 1941 Shaw added a suit against the "sequel" article Shaw files against "My Husband's Death Struggle Against L.A.'s Vice Czars" article in True Story . [4]

The trial began in January 1942, Superior Court judge Charles Haas presiding. [5] [3] Among other things, Shaw's attorneys attempted to prove that civic reformer Clifford Clinton had had a major hand in writing the articles. [6] Testimony about whether or not Shaw specifically or the Los Angeles city government generally was corrupt came from figures like Ann Forrester, a convicted brothel operator who was deposed from Tehachapi prison, and testified about the system by which she paid off Los Angeles police officers while in the company of Guy McAfee. [7] Other testimony concerned whether or not Clinton was in cahoots with gambling-syndicate attorney Charles Cradick and bookmaker Jimmy Utley. [8] After a total of 12 weeks of testimony, [9] the case went to the 11-person jury in March 1942, the 12th juror having been lost to illness and personal issue. [10] After four days of deliberation the foreman told the judge they were hopelessly deadlocked 5-6 (leaning in favor of the magazine) and had been since the beginning with no hope of resolution. [9] The judge then dismissed the hung jury. [9]

Clinton later countersued Shaw for making false allegations that he had been taking payoffs too; all parties settled out of court in April 1943. [11]

Series and successors

SequenceArticle Title Subhed Date
1aPart One—A Dictatorship of CrimeBeginning an astounding story of corruption and vice in a great city—and a stirring battle against themNovember 11, 1939
1bPart Two—The Passing of "Good-Time Charlie"More astounding revelations in an astounding study of corruption and vice in a great American city—and of a gallant battle against themNovember 18, 1939
1cPart Three—The Spy Squad That Floored Uncle SamCorruption, vice, a hidden dictatorship! Dramatically, a startling saga unfoldsNovember 25, 1939
1dPart Four—Chief Davis Pulls a BonerA new startling chapter in an amazing chronicle of crime and corruption in a great American cityDecember 2, 1939
1ePart Five—The Fight...and the StakesDramatic, sinister, heart-warming! A saga of crime and courageous menDecember 9, 1939
1fPart Six—ConclusionThe story of a gallant fight ends with a question—Will the job be finished?December 16, 1939
2 Buron Fitts Defends Los AngelesLiberty gives both sides! Without comment, here's a reply to "The Lid Off Los Angeles"—by the county's famous District AttorneyMarch 16, 1940
3"My husband's death struggle with the vice czars of Los Angeles"Nelda M. Clinton as told to Pauline Swanson in True Story magazine January–February 1941

Authors

Fred Allhoff

Fred Allhoff (1904–1988) was a magazine writer best known for his Liberty pieces. In addition to "The Lid Off Los Angeles" one of his articles was adapted into an Edward G. Robinson film, and his serial Lightning in the Night is considered an important piece of speculative fiction in the hypothetical Axis victory in World War II subgenre.

Dwight F. McKinney

Dwight F. McKinney
Dwight F. McKinney (1889-1979) passport photo from 1923.jpg
Passport photo (1923)
Born
Dwight Faber McKinney

(1889-04-02)April 2, 1889
Ottawa, Kansas, United States
DiedNovember 5, 1979(1979-11-05) (aged 90)
Newport Beach, California, United States

Dwight F. McKinney was born in Ottawa, Kansas in 1889, [12] as the youngest son of a Presbyterian minister and his wife. [13] The family lived in Indiana for a time before they moved to California around 1898 for the father. [13]

At the time of the 1910 U.S. census, McKinney worked as a salesman for a newspaper. [14] McKinney may have begun traveling internationally on a sustained basis around 1915. [15] In 1917, he was self-employed as a publisher in Los Angeles. [12] McKinney served in the U.S. military from May 1918 until February 1919, as "Sgt 2 Cas Co". [16] In August 1919, when he was involved in rescuing a baby from a house that had exploded, McKinney was described as a publisher with offices at Wayside Press . [17] [lower-alpha 1] He wrote at least two humorous travelogues, Henery in the Orient and Seeing California with Henery. [18] In 1922 he seems to have joined a research expedition to Baja California. According to the Los Angeles Evening Express , the expedition found four paintings that were supposedly buried around 1700 by missionaries, and "in an entirely separate cache of a dozen ancient coins of the time of Carolus IV and Philip V of Spain were discovered. Like the paintings they were thickly wrapped with cowhide. With them was a turquoise rosary, the medal carrying the image of a saint obsolete for such use in the Catholic church for centuries. This smaller cache is supposed to represent the private treasure of a fleeing priest." [19] At the same time, the group filmed a colony of sea elephants on Guadalupe Island. The film was exhibited at the Pantages Vaudeville theater at 7th Street and Hill in downtown Los Angeles. Advertisements for the show promised "First and Exclusive Showing - Robt. M. Connell and Dwight F. McKinney's "SEA ELEPHANT EXPEDITION" Men Risked Life to Secure These Marvelous Pictures." [20] A newspaper blurb that was published about the same time, about the fishing off Cedros Island, described McKinney as an associate of the Southwest Museum. [21]

In 1930 he spoke to a community group in Santa Barbara about his recent visit to the Soviet Union and his observations of Communist system there. [22] During the rest of the 1930s McKinney was a resident of Fresno, California, and worked at the Bankruptcy Referee office. [23] As of 1942, his occupation was "writer - on his own". [24] In 1957 he was scheduled to speak the California Cultural Club in Los Angeles about his "travels to trouble spots in the world". [25] Circa 1970, McKinney lived in San Francisco. [23] McKinney died in 1979, at age 90, in Orange County, California. [26]

Reception

The Los Angeles Times previewed the series on the front page of section two, commending the magazine for amply setting the stage with the historical background for the then-recent events like the Kynette trial, and commented, "Unlike Look and Collier's , which were satisfied with a once-over-lightly treatment of the sadder aspects of our citizenry, Liberty is digging in for a long winter of flamboyant and grating adjectives to describe our sin...the tempo of their piece is set early in the article, to-wit: 'To those who look shudderingly upon the terroristic activities of the secret police of Germany and Russia and ask whether such things can happen here, the answer is yes'." [27] The articles were described by a business school professor in 1940 as "a fairly reliable account of corruption and the civic crusade which resulted in the recall of the mayor". [28] A 2023 dissertation on the labor market in Los Angeles from the time of the stock market crash to the beginning of World War II called "The Lid Off Los Angeles" a "fascinating albeit sensational telling" of the events leading to Shaw's recall. [29]

The articles made an "enormous impact," [30] and the title has been continuously reused in reference to crime and problems generally in Los Angeles. [31] [32] [33]

Notes

  1. ↑ The explosion was the result of a bomb intended for former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of California Oscar Lawler.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Albertson</span> American actor (1907–1981)

Harold Bernard "Jack" Albertson was an American actor, dancer, and singer. He began his career in vaudeville and as the demand for the genre declined, he transitioned into theater and later, film and television. Albertson was an accomplished actor, one of only 26 of professionals to date who have won a Tony, an Academy Award, and an Emmy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Katharine Ross</span> American actress and author (born 1940)

Katharine Juliet Ross is an American retired actress. Her accolades include an Academy Award nomination, a BAFTA Award, and two Golden Globe Awards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank L. Shaw</span> American politician

Frank Lawrence Shaw was the first mayor of a major American city to be recalled from office, in 1938. He was also a member of the Los Angeles City Council and then the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. His administration was seen as one of the most corrupt in Los Angeles history, although he had some defenders and was never charged officially with any crime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reginald Barlow</span> American actor (1866–1943)

Reginald Harry Barlow was an American stage and screen character actor, author, and film director. He was a busy performer in Hollywood films of the 1930s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Haade</span> American actor

William Haade was an American film actor. He appeared in more than 250 films between 1937 and 1957. He was born in New York City and died in Los Angeles, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kate Bruce</span> American actress (1860–1946)

Kate Bruce Bryant was an American actress of the silent era, famed for her screen portrayals of mothers. She appeared in more than 280 films between 1908 and 1931.

Bud Geary, was an American film actor. He appeared in 258 films between years 1920 and 1946.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Gottschall</span> American actor (1915–2005)

Robert Elmer Gottschall, sometimes credited in films by the stage name Bob Shaw or Robert Shaw, was an American actor.

Steve Darrell was an American actor, also known as Stevan Darrell or Steven Darrell.

Lawrence Edwin Kimble was an American screenwriter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mildred Coles (actress)</span> American actress (1920–1995)

Mildred Blanche Coles was an American actress and former beauty queen, from Warner Bros.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jane Dulo</span> American actress and comedian (1917–1994)

Jane Dulo was an American actress and comedian.

Bernard Benny Ray was a Russian-born American film producer and director. He is closely associated with the production of low-budget B films of Poverty Row, involved with companies such as Reliable Pictures during the 1930s.

Katherine Margaret Griffith was an American film actress from 1936 to 1940 who appeared in Western films and serials. She made 14 films, the last being Covered Wagon Days (1940) in which she was the female lead alongside The Three Mesquiteers.

Georgia Madelon Baker was a record producer, music publisher, actress and singer, known for her role in launching singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb's career, and her work with Gospel, R&B and doo wop artists such as Cassietta George, Ron Kenoly and the Paradons. As an actress, she performed in the world premiere of the John Cage/Kenneth Patchen radio play The City Wears a Slouch Hat, and had substantial roles in both the short-lived Gasoline Alley film series and the much-ballyhooed 1955 short subject, The Great Adventure, commemorating the 50th anniversary of Rotary International.

Tim Davis was an American child actor, perhaps best known for his voice work in the 1942 Disney animated feature film, Bambi, and his performance in the 1940 film of Thornton Wilder's Our Town, in which he plays the older of the two newsboy siblings—the other portrayed by his real-life younger brother, the then popular radio actor Dix Davis.

Alma Drucilla Fleetwood Lawton was a Hollywood-based, Argentine-born actress who performed in films, on television, and on old-time radio.

Maxwell J. Terr was a Russian-born American pianist, arranger, bandleader, and film composer, best known for his Oscar-nominated score for the 1942 version of Charlie Chaplin's The Gold Rush and for the march theme of MGM's Metro News.

David Roberts Young was an American director, producer and actor, in radio and on the stage, known as the longtime director of Family Theater.

Fred Allhoff was an American magazine writer best known for his Liberty pieces in the 1930s and 1940s. The corruption exposé "The Lid Off Los Angeles" (1939) is considered influential in the history of that city, another crime series was adapted into an Edward G. Robinson film, and his speculative fiction serial Lightning in the Night (1940) is considered a significant and early example of the hypothetical Axis victory in World War II subgenre.

References

  1. ↑ Sitton (2005), p. 17.
  2. ↑ "We're Waiting". Monrovia News-Post. September 26, 1940. p. 8. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  3. 1 2 "Shaw Case Articles Read". The Los Angeles Times. January 13, 1942. p. 25. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  4. ↑ "Shaw Names Clinton, Mayor in Suit". Los Angeles Evening Citizen News. March 28, 1941. p. 11. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  5. ↑ "Shaw Said Genius at Government". Los Angeles Evening Citizen News. January 8, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  6. ↑ "Clinton cast as writer in Shaw's libel action". Daily News. January 21, 1942. p. 11. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  7. ↑ "Ann Forrester Tells Pay-offs". The Los Angeles Times. January 18, 1942. p. 15. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  8. ↑ "Mayor, Clinton Mentioned in Shaw Trial". Los Angeles Evening Citizen News. February 27, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  9. 1 2 3 "Shaw libel suit jury, failing in agreement, discharged". Daily News. March 28, 1942. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  10. ↑ "Shaw's Libel Suit Against Liberty Goes to Jury - City News Service". Metropolitan Pasadena Star-News. March 24, 1942. p. 12. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  11. ↑ "Shaw and Clinton Litigation Ended". The Los Angeles Times. April 29, 1943. p. 32. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  12. 1 2 "United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918", database with images, FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KZVN-SKF  : 24 December 2021), Dwight Faber McKinney, 1917-1918.
  13. 1 2 "Errand of Mercy Ends in Sacrifice". Los Angeles Herald. August 11, 1906. p. 10. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  14. ↑ "United States Census, 1910", FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MV21-LJR : Fri Mar 08 14:04:56 UTC 2024), Entry for Dwight McKinney, 1910.
  15. ↑ "Russia Good Place to Be "From", Rotarians Are Told by World-Traveler Today". Santa Maria Times. October 28, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  16. ↑ "United States, Veterans Administration Master Index, 1917–1940", FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7163-ZHMM : Sun Mar 10 06:52:34 UTC 2024), Entry for Dwight Faber McKinney, 13 February 1919.
  17. ↑ "Rescue of Tot and Nurse from Burning Home Told". Press-Telegram. August 5, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
  18. ↑ "Former Highland Park Man Publishes Tourist Book". The Highland Park Herald. February 27, 1920. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  19. ↑ "Four Old Masters Dating to 1700 Unearthed Near Mission". Los Angeles Evening Express. October 5, 1922. p. 19. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  20. ↑ "Pantages Vaudeville". Los Angeles Evening Post-Record. October 24, 1922. p. 13. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  21. ↑ "Fishers Paradise". The Morning Union. November 7, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  22. ↑ "Russia Good Place to Be "From", Rotarians Are Told by World-Traveler Today". Santa Maria Times (part 1 of 2). October 28, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-06-21. & "World-Traveler Rotary Speaker" (part 2 of 2). October 28, 1930. p. 3.
  23. 1 2 "Old Timer Begins Journey". The Fresno Bee. May 17, 1970. p. 189. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  24. ↑ "United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942", FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V48B-BKZ : Sat Feb 24 04:56:02 UTC 2024), Entry for Dwight Faber Mckinney, 1942.
  25. ↑ "Cultural Club Bills Luncheon, Program". Los Angeles Evening Citizen News. April 22, 1957. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  26. ↑ "California Death Index, 1940-1997", FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VPCQ-YJ1 : 26 November 2014), Dwight Faber Mckinney, 05 Nov 1979; Department of Public Health Services, Sacramento.
  27. ↑ "Sins of City Again in Print". The Los Angeles Times. November 1, 1939. p. 25. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  28. ↑ Ewing, Russell H. (1940). County Government and Administration: A Manual and Syllabus. School of Commerce, Accounts, and Finance, University of Denver. p. 34.
  29. ↑ Coffey, Daina Kathleen. "Build a Fence Around Los Angeles": Labor, Unemployment, and Survival in the City of Angels, 1929-1941 (Thesis). The University of Chicago. p. 229.
  30. ↑ lmharnisch (June 19, 2020). "'The Lid Off Los Angeles' – Liberty Magazine Examines Corruption in the LAPD and at City Hall" . Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  31. ↑ British Books. Publisher's Circular Limited. 1960.
  32. ↑ The American Mercury. American Mercury. 1960.
  33. ↑ Henstell, Bruce (November 1977). "When the Lid Blew Off Los Angeles". Westways. p. 68.

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.