The Men's League

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Men's League for Woman Suffrage in New York, 1915 Men's League for Woman Suffrage.jpg
Men's League for Woman Suffrage in New York, 1915

The Men's League, [1] made up of groups known variously as the Men's Equal Suffrage League, [2] Men's League for Woman Suffrage, [3] or National Men's League for Woman Suffrage, [4] was an American men's women's suffrage organization formed by several suffragists in New York. The group was based on the idea of the British Men's League for Woman Suffrage. In the early 1900s, Oswald Garrison Villard and Anna Howard Shaw were in contact with one another regarding the creation of a group of prominent men to support women's suffrage efforts. Villard recruited Max Eastman and Stephen S. Wise to help with the project. Later, James Lees Laidlaw became the president and helped spread the concept of the group around the United States. Some colleges, like Harvard University and Swarthmore College, also had their own Men's League groups.

Contents

History

Men's League for Woman Suffrage, Miller Scrapbook Men's League for Woman Suffrage, Miller Scrapbook LCCN2002719620 (cropped).tif
Men's League for Woman Suffrage, Miller Scrapbook

Fanny Garrison Villard had heard about the British group, the Men's League for Women's Suffrage, which was formed in 1907. [3] The next year, she persuaded her son, Oswald Garrison Villard, to contact Anna Howard Shaw about creating a similar group in the United States. [3] The men's leagues in Europe were starting to "gain ground." [5] In 1908, the Nederlandsche Bond voor Vrouwenkiesrecht  [ nl ] was formed in the Netherlands. [6] There was also a Hungarian Men's League for Women's suffrage. [7]

Shaw invited Villard to the New York state suffrage convention being held in Buffalo in October 1908. [8] She felt that recruiting prominent men to the cause would add influence to the movement, though she didn't envision the men being involved in activism. [3] By 1908, the idea for a men's equal suffrage group was being discussed by both Villard and Shaw. [9]

Oswald Villard shared the idea with Stephen S. Wise and Max Eastman. [3] Eastman, who had already discussed forming such a group, was interested. [3] [2] Eastman began recruiting members for the group in 1909. [3] [10] He started with a list of 12 men "of civic importance", and once he'd secured these members, it was easier to recruit others. [1] The club remained secret, with Eastman wanting to keep things quiet until he had 100 members. [11] The New York League was made public in November 1910. [11] Eastman served as secretary for a year, and then the group in New York was taken over by Robert Cameron Beadle. [12] George Foster Peabody was elected the first president in 1910. [13] James Lees Laidlaw took over after Peabody and stayed on until 1916, when the national group was formed. [12] Laidlaw was president of the national group until women's suffrage was passed. [12]

Many of the new members of the League were influential men in their fields. [8] Later, members such as George Creel and Dudley Field Malone had access to President Woodrow Wilson, whom suffragists were pressing to support women's suffrage. [8] Malone resigned from his Wilson-appointed post over the issue of women's suffrage. [8]

Other groups quickly began to form around the country. In Chicago, the first chapter of the Men's League for Woman Suffrage (also called the Chicago Men's Equal Suffrage League) was created in 1909. [3] [14] [15] The New York Woman Suffrage Party officially recognized the New York Men's League in 1910 at their second annual convention. [3] The NJ Men's League for Equal Suffrage was formed in 1910. [16] The Men's Equal Suffrage League was founded in Cleveland in 1911. [14] In California, the group was known as the California Political Equality League and headed by John Hyde Braly. [14] All of the groups were affiliated with the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). [14] By 1912, the organization was estimated to have 20,000 members nationwide. [17]

Men's Equal Suffrage League of Maine Men's Equal Suffrage League of Maine.png
Men's Equal Suffrage League of Maine

Members of the League went around the country as speakers and were involved in fundraising. [3] League groups organized meetings and also helped by working in voting booths. [14] They also wrote editorials for women's suffrage. [3] Men had access to political spheres that many of the women could not access. [8] Laidlaw advocated that members wear blue buttons of courtesy, which were intended to show members of the public that suffrage and courtesy to women were compatible. [3] The prominent names of the men helped to counter the idea that men who supported women's suffrage were un-masculine. [8] Men in the League were able to steer the conversation about suffrage to equal justice, rather than focusing on gender roles. [8]

Men marching in parades with the League at first had to deal with various types of abuse from bystanders. [14] The first parade the New York League took part in was 1910. [12] Laidlaw, Peabody and Villard led the parade of 87 men that year. [12] At the 1912 suffrage parade in New York, female suffragists were inspired by the men marching. [3] Some felt that it took more strength of character for the men to show public support of a women's issue. [3] Others felt encouraged by seeing the men march with them. [3] Francis Perkins said of Laidlaw marching with them, "I can never be thankful enough for the courage he gave to many of us –young and doubtful –when he took up the suffrage movement on his own." [3] Laidlaw himself said that he marched to give "political support to the women and moral support to the men." [3]

More groups were forming. Swarthmore College founded a Men's Equal Suffrage League. [18] The Men's Equal Suffrage League of Virginia organized in 1912. [19] Kansas also organized their League in 1912. [20] In Portland, Oregon, the Men's Equal Suffrage Club was created in 1912. [21] Pennsylvania started a Men's League for Women's Suffrage in March 1912. [22] Laidlaw helped establish a Men's League for Woman Suffrage in Georgia in 1913. [23] Orlando, Florida created a League in 1914 and the mayor, E. Frank Sperry served as the president. [24] Another group was formed in Maine in 1914 with Robert Treat Whitehouse as president. [25] Laidlaw went to Nevada and Montana to help set up Leagues in 1914. [26] [27] Massachusetts had Men's Leagues by 1910, including one at Harvard University. [28] [29] [30] [31] The Iowa Men's League for Equal Suffrage was formed in Des Moines in January 1916. [32] Chapters formed in Cedar Rapids and Linn County, Iowa. [32]

Notable members

Members of the Men's League for Woman Suffrage in New York at the Woman's Suffrage Party of Manhattan headquarters Members of the Men's League for Woman Suffrage in New York at the Woman's Suffrage Party of Manhattan headquarters.jpg
Members of the Men's League for Woman Suffrage in New York at the Woman's Suffrage Party of Manhattan headquarters

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women's suffrage in Florida</span>

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This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Florida. Ella C. Chamberlain began women's suffrage efforts in Florida starting in 1892. However, after Chamberlain leaves the state in 1897, suffrage work largely ceases until the next century. More women's suffrage groups are organized, with the first in the twentieth century being the Equal Franchise League in Jacksonville, Florida in 1912. Additional groups are created around Florida, including a Men's Equal Suffrage League of Florida. Suffragists lobby the Florida Legislature for equal suffrage, hold conventions, and educate voters. Several cities in Florida pass laws allowing women to vote in municipal elections, with Fellsmere being the first in 1915. Zena Dreier becomes the first woman to legally cast a vote in the South on June 19, 1915. On May 26, 1919, women in Orlando vote for the first time. After the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, Helen Hunt West becomes the first woman in Florida to register to vote under equal franchise rules on September 7, 1920. Florida does not ratify the Nineteenth Amendment until May 13, 1969.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of women's suffrage in Pennsylvania</span>

This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Pennsylvania. Activists in the state began working towards women's rights in the early 1850s, when two women's rights conventions discussed women's suffrage. A statewide group, the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association (PWSA), was formed in 1869. Other regional groups were formed throughout the state over the years. Suffragists in Pittsburgh created the "Pittsburgh Plan" in 1911. In 1915, a campaign to influence voters to support women's suffrage on the November 2 referendum took place. Despite these efforts, the referendum failed. On June 24, 1919, Pennsylvania became the seventh state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment. Pennsylvania women voted for the first time on November 2, 1920.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women's suffrage in New Jersey</span> History of suffrage in New Jersey

Suffrage in New Jersey was available to most women and African Americans immediately upon the formation of the state. The first New Jersey state constitution allowed any person who owned a certain value of property to become a voter. In 1790, the state constitution was changed to specify that voters were "he or she." Politicians seeking office deliberately courted women voters who often decided narrow elections. Due to women's influence as swing voters, they were used as scapegoats to blame for election losses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of women's suffrage in New Jersey</span>

This is a timeline of women's suffrage in New Jersey. Women and African Americans had the right to vote in New Jersey until the state constitution was changed in 1807, disenfranchising all but white men. Any early suffrage protest was taken by Lucy Stone in 1857 who refused to pay her property taxes because she could not vote. Additional attempts to make women more equal under the law took place in the 1880s and 1890s. There were also several court cases that challenged women's right to vote in the state. Eventually, a voter referendum on a state constitutional suffrage amendment took place in 1915, however the measure was voted down. Activists continued to fight both in the state and to protest in Washington, D.C. as Silent Sentinels. By February 10, 1920, New Jersey ratified the Nineteenth Amendment.

References

  1. 1 2 Eastman 1912, p. 17.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Suffrage Cause and Bryn Mawr - American Speakers II". Bryn Mawr. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Neuman, Johanna (July 2017). "Who Won Women's Suffrage? A Case for 'Mere Men'". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 16 (3): 347–367. doi: 10.1017/S1537781417000081 . ISSN   1537-7814.
  4. ↑ "They Remembered the Ladies and Did Much More Than That". Brooke Kroeger. 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  5. ↑ Kroeger 2017, p. 11.
  6. ↑ "Mannen van Nederland, opent de oogen! | Kennis". Atria (in Dutch). 2014-04-23. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  7. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 856.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reynolds, Eileen (10 August 2017). "What Allies Today Could Learn from 'Suffragents' Who Helped Women Win the Vote". NYU. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  9. ↑ Kroeger 2017, p. 16.
  10. ↑ Kroeger 2017, p. 23.
  11. 1 2 Eastman 1912, p. 18.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Harper 1922, p. 485.
  13. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 484-485.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kroeger, Brooke. "Should We Care What the Men Did?". Women's Suffrage Centennial Commission. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  15. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 147.
  16. ↑ Levin & Dodyk 2020, p. 21.
  17. ↑ "Men Support the Woman Suffrage Movement". Rights for Women: The Suffrage Movement and Its Leaders. National Women's History Museum. 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  18. ↑ Caust-Ellenbogen, Celia (2020-08-17). "An 'Equal Suffrage College': How Swarthmore Alumni Fought for the 19th Amendment". Swarthmore. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  19. ↑ "Women's Suffrage in Virginia". W&M Women's Law Society. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  20. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 345.
  21. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 547.
  22. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 552.
  23. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 126.
  24. 1 2 Harper 1922, p. 115.
  25. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 237.
  26. ↑ "Nevada Suffrage Leaders Meet". The Sacramento Union. 24 February 1914. Retrieved 14 October 2020– via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  27. 1 2 Harper 1922, p. 363.
  28. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 283.
  29. ↑ Massachusetts Men's League for Woman Suffrage (Boston: Massachusetts Men's League for Woman Suffrage [T. Todd Co., Printers], January 1, 1911), statement of objectives, constitution, and membership list, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, in Nineteenth Century Collections Online.
  30. ↑ Lyle Nyberg, Summer Suffragists: Woman Suffrage Activists in Scituate, Massachusetts (Scituate: by author, 2020) (discussing original Massachusetts league members William Moore and Meyer Bloomfield, and New York league members Will Irwin and Swinburne Hale).
  31. ↑ "Harvard League for Woman Suffrage". Votes for Women. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  32. 1 2 Langton, Diane. "TIME MACHINE: Women's suffrage". The Gazette. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  33. 1 2 3 Morton, Marian. "How Cleveland Women Got the Vote - and What They Did With It". Teaching Cleveland Digital. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  34. ↑ Kroeger, Brooke (2018-03-16). "The little-known story of the men who fought for women's votes". Medium. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 Reynolds, Eileen (2017-09-05). "These powerful men were humble allies for women's vote". Futurity. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  36. ↑ Harper 1922, p. 263.

Sources

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