![]() First UK edition | |
Author | Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |
---|---|
Language | English |
Genre | |
Publisher | Fourth Estate (UK) Alfred A. Knopf (US) |
Publication date | 26 June 2009 |
Publication place | Nigeria |
ISBN | 9781407440262 |
OCLC | 1352646898 |
Preceded by | Half of a Yellow Sun |
Followed by | Americanah |
The Thing Around Your Neck is a 2009 short-story collection by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. The stories were initially published in magazines before it was collected and published in 2009 by Alfred A. Knopf in the United States, Fourth Estate in the United Kingdom, and Kachifo Limited and Narrative Landscape Press in Nigeria.
The collection of short stories began when Adichie was completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships. It got published from twelve short stories formerly published in magazines. It is the third book of the author after Purple Hibiscus and Half of a Yellow Sun . It explores the themes of immigration, losses and gains, and Nigerian and American experiences.
The book generally received positive reviews from critics especially on the narrative and characterisation. However, some critics have criticised the structure, citing a few stories that simply stop, and the intense compression of the final narrative. The Thing Around Your Neck was nominated for many awards, among them, runner up of the Dayton Literary Peace Prize in 2010.
In 2008, while Adichie was completing her Hodder and MacArthur fellowships, she published short stories in various magazines. [1] She collected twelve of these stories in her book entitled The Thing Around Your Neck, published by Alfred Knopf in 2009. [2] [3] She was 31 years-old at the time of the book's publication and was her third book after Purple Hibiscus (2003) and Half of a Yellow Sun (2006). The book cover of the collection has acclaimed praises from critics and other authors, among them, Joyce Carol Oates, Edmund White and Chinua Achebe. The first story is entitled "Cell One". [4] The book was published in Nigeria by Kachifo Limited in 2009, and later by Narrative Landscape Press in 2018. [5]
According to Adichie who moved to the United States in 1997, most Americans viewed Africa as a monolithic place, and their mix of ignorance and arrogance inspired her to write the book. It is set in Nigeria and US and portrays majorly stories about immigration. In an interview, Adichie told Guy Raz that she wanted the book to "peel apart the "layers of losses and gains" that immigrants face". According to an analysis by NPR, all the stories in the collection originated from tales Adichie heard from friends and family, for example, "A Private Experience" is based loosely on an experience of her aunt. [6]
Kachifo Limited, through their imprint, Farafina Books promoted Adichie's book in Nigeria. She had a public presentation on 11 July 2009 at the Silverbird Lifestyle Store in Victoria Island, Lagos. [7]
In "Cell One", Nnamabia begins stealing as a teenager. One day, he steals his mother's jewelry. With everyone knowing he was the culprit, his mother punishes him. A group of boys attacks a professor and Nnamabia gets arrested as one of those boys and lands in a prison cell. Initially, he enjoys his stay until one day, when an old man is thrown into their cell. The old man gets abused by other boys, and while Nnamabia tries to defend him, he gets abused too. He gets released immediately and he returns to his family. In "Imitation", an emigrant Nigerian woman called Nkem resides in Philadelphia, US with her husband Obiora, an art dealer who doesn't spend much time at home; he comes home only two months in a year. They have a house in Nigeria. Nkem finds comfort in her maid and begins thinking her husband is cheating.
In "A Private Experience", Chika and her female Hausa friend hides in a store during a riot caused by religious violence despite belonging to different religions: Christianity and Islam, respectively. In "Ghosts", the narrator, a retired University mathematics professor, shares his encounter after meeting someone he deems unalive. In "On Monday of Last Week", Kamara joins her husband in the US to take a job as a nanny to an upper-class family. She becomes obsessed with the mother of the baby she is taking care of.
In "Jumping Monkey Hill", there is a writer's retreat in Cape Town, South Africa, where a young Nigerian author narrates his conflicts to an audience of African authors. In "The Thing Around Your Neck", Akunna gets an American visa from her uncle inorder to come to the US where he resides. When she arrives into the country, she gets molested by her uncle. She leaves Maine, and eventually gets employed as a waitress in Connecticut. She meets a man with whom she falls in love with, but along the way experiences cultural difficulties with him. In "The American Embassy", a woman applies for an asylum but ends up walking away, unwilling to expose her son's murder for the sake of a visa.
In "The Shivering", a Catholic Nigerian woman studying in Princeton University, whose boyfriend has left her, finds solace in the earnest prayers of a stranger who knocks at her door. In "The Arrangers of Marriage", a newly married woman arrives in New York City with her husband but is unwilling to accept his husband rejecting being a Nigerian. In "Tomorrow Is Too Far", a young woman reveals the devastating secret of her brother's death. In "The Headstrong Historian", Nwangba, who believes her husband was killed by his cousins determines to retain the inheritance for her son. However Nwangba's son gets his inheritance after his grandmother, Nwangba's mother retrieves it.
Adichie uses diverse narrative techniques to tell her stories which includes infusion of the first person and omniscient devices. [5] Constance Lam wrote that Adichie's use of the second-person narrative in the book "gives way to a powerful sense of interiority, strikingly illuminating the rift between the protagonist and her boyfriend as she realises that her own experiences will remain permanently foreign to him, due to their very different upbringings". [8]
British writer Bernardine Evaristo wrote that one of Adichie's style is the use of understatement, such in a way that at the end of the stories, the reader is left to imagine what happens after. She summarily calls it being unpredictable and suspenseful. She also wrote that the two common styles in the collection is the use of evocative atmospheric details, for example in the discussion between the two women in "A Private Experience", one said "the riot-torn streets outside the shack smell like the kind of sky-coloured smoke that wafts around during Christmas when people throw goat carcasses into fires to burn the hair off the skin", and the use of quirky details, for instance, when the other was asked, "what do these two refugees from the riot talk about? Well, the Hausa woman thrusts her naked breasts at the medical student with the plea "My nipple is burning like pepper". [9]
Constance Lam wrote that the predominant themes of the book is the impact of immigration from Nigeria to America on interpersonal relationships, and the theme of isolation. She concluded that "The American Embassy", "thrusting us into the corrupt arena of military violence as the nameless protagonist is unable to apply for an asylum visa due to insubstantial proof...Adichie presents us with characters who are constantly asked to prove themselves because their own realities are deemed implausible: it is no wonder that they feel such isolation". [8] Although the stories in Things Around Your Neck differs in plot and characters, Chukwuma Ajakah of Vanguard wrote that the stories are thematically connected as most of them explore socio-cultural and economic issues relating to Africans living in either Nigeria or the United States. The re-occurring themes of juvenile delinquency, youth restiveness and cultural conflict existed in "Cell One", "The American Embassy", "Up Monkey Hill" and "The Arrangers of Marriage". Common with Adichie, there are also themes of marriage, poverty and modern slavery. According to Ajakah's each story's themes: "Cell One" explores the themes of family life, cultism, religious hypocrisy and police brutality; "Imitation" portrays themes of love, marriage, friendship and illusion; "A Private Experience" delves on the themes of violence and colonialism; the themes of cultural alienation, marriage, and gender roles are seen in "On Monday of Last Week"; while "The American Embassy" encapsulates themes of love, injustice, disappointment, trauma, bribery and corruption as well as failed leadership in government and family circles. [5]
Jane Shilling wrote that family and exile are recurrent themes in the book since the characters are often far from home or alienated from the comforting familiarity of place and culture by either violence or fear or the hope of a better life. She also wrote that the book explores the theme of homesickness as was seen in the title story "The Things Around Your Neck", where the unnamed 22 year-old narrator gains a longed-for American visa and goes to live with her uncle's family in Maine, and in US, the characters spoke Igbo, ate garri for lunch, and "it was like home", recalls the girl. [4]
The short story collection generally received positive reviews from critics. Constance Lam of Palatinate praised the book's characters, writing that "the beauty of Adichie's work lies in how deftly she works within the short story form to create nuanced, substantial characters". [8] In her review for Daily Telegraph , Jane Shilling criticised the structure of the book, writing that "if there are flaws in the collection, they are minor faults of structure – a couple of stories simply stop, rather than reaching a conclusion, while the compression of the final narrative, "The Headstrong Historian", is so intense that it feels as though it should have been allowed to blossom into something longer", meanwhile she described and praised Adichie as writing "with an economy and precision that makes the strange seem familiar...She makes storytelling seem as easy as birdsong", and the characters as "having the power of archetypes and the verisimilitude that comes from fine observation". [4] Bernardine Evaristo, writing for The Daily Telegraph wrote that "this stunning collection of short stories confirms Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's position as one of Africa's brightest new literary stars", and Adichie as a writer that "offers insights into both worlds and, like all fine storytellers, leaves us wanting more". [9]
In a review for The New York Times , Michiko Kakutani explained that "the Africa in Adichie's collection isn't the Africa that Americans are familiar with from TV news or newspaper headlines". She described Adichie as one who "is interested in how clashes between tradition and modernity, familial expectations and imported dreams affect relationships between husbands and wives, parents and children". [10] Susan Salter Reynolds of Los Angeles Times posed a question, writing "imagine how hard it must be to write stories that make American readers understand what it might be like to visit a brother in a Nigerian jail, to be the new bride in an arranged marriage, to arrive in Flatbush from Lagos to meet a husband or to hide in a basement, waiting for a riot to subside, wondering what happened to a little sister who let go of your hand when you were running. How would it feel to be a woman who smuggled her journalist husband out of Nigeria one day and had her 4 year-old son shot by government thugs the next?" [11]
Deirdre Donahue, in USA Today , praised Adichie and the book's characters, writing that "unlike many literary authors, she eschews pretentious obscurity in favour of clarity...She touches on religion, corruption, Nigeria's civil war and living in America as a lonely African wife. Mostly, however, she creates indelible characters who jump off the page and into your head and heart". [12] Yiyun Li, writing for San Francisco Chronicle , wrote that "Adichie's characters don't feel as though they were merely created; rather, it is as if they were invited into the stories by the most understanding hostess, and their dilemmas, pains and secrets were then related to us by the hostess, who seems to understand the characters better than they understand themselves, who does not judge them, and who treats them with respect and love and empathy that perhaps they would never have allowed themselves to imagine." [13] Michael Lindgren, in a review for The Washington Post wrote that "Adichie deploys her calm, deceptive prose to portray women in Nigeria and America who are forced to match their wits against threats ranging from marauding guerillas to microwave ovens." [14]
Saul Austerlitz of Boston Sunday Globe relays similarity between Jhumpa Lahiri and Adichie's work, writing that "the characters of The Thing Around Your Neck are caught between past and present, original and adopted homelands. Adichie deftly accesses the privileged mindsets of her Nigerian characters, who stubbornly insist on believing that they are to be protected from the worst. Her Americans are outsiders clamouring to be let into society; her upper-class Nigerians are insiders clamouring to be let out of history". [15] Marjorie Kehe of The Christian Science Monitor also commends the author and the characters, writing that "Adichie's gifts as a storyteller [are all] on display. The backgrounds of her characters may initially seem exotic to Western readers. And yet the love, justice, and understanding they seek are so fundamental and familiar that there are few readers of any background who won't recognize acres–perhaps even miles–of common ground. Adichie's characters are as likely to inhabit Hartford or Princeton as they are Nsukka or Lagos...but all in some way are in a state of loss". [16] Ben Dickinson of Elle wrote that "the colouration and vigour [in those stories] rarely pale, and Adichie's supple talents are on full display in her African tales, which never fail to touch the universal in the particular experience of the aging revolutionary professor, the fallen bourgeois golden boy, the shopping-crazy gal caught up in a marketplace massacre". [17]
Robert L. Pincus of San Diego Union-Tribune wrote that "Adichie has attracted a lot of attention in her relatively short career. This book will show you why". [18] Maggie Galehouse of Houston Chronicle wrote that "packing a full world into a few paragraphs is precisely the short storyteller's challenge, the task Adichie has set for herself in this [collection]. This young Nigerian writer proves herself worthy of the challenge, building a rich universe in both broad and subtle strokes". [19] David Milofsky of The Denver Post agreed that the book follows the same lyricism as Half of a Yellow Sun , "but rather than being focused on the past, it brings contemporary issues of politics and immigration into sharp focus". [20]
Jim Carmin of The Oregonian wrote that "Adichie's stories show more of the difficulties and less of the pleasures of everyday life in Nigeria and what it means to leave that life for America: Neither choice is easy, both have dangers. Her words and stories are insightful and provocative and tell us much about the human experience in difficult times". [21] Kevin Hartnett, in a review for Paste wrote that "this collection [is] concerned with how large forces–violence, tradition, immigration, colonialism–shape and determine individual lives. The emotional weight of The Thing Around Your Neck derives from the feeling of ambivalence about opportunity in America and the chaos of modern Nigeria that's built up through the whole collection– the real 'thing' around the characters' necks". [22]
Erin Adair-Hodges of Weekly Alibi praised the book'a prose, writing that it "is unflinching, eschewing metaphor for the simple power of calling a thing as it is", while showing similarities between Adichie and Jhumpa Lahiri". [23] Kirkus Reviews wrote that "in the five tales set in the United States, Adichie profiles characters both drawn to America and cautious of assimilation" while commending two short stories: "Jumping Monkey Hill" and the title story "Things Around Your Neck". [24] James Lasdun, in a his review for The Guardian wrote that, "the writing throughout the book has a verve that propels you forward through its pages. The polarities Adichie explores– Africa/America, black/white, male/female, master/servant–are very efficiently laid out, gridded over each other in unexpected ways, with power and weakness constantly switching positions. And a pervasive, lightly mocking intelligence gives the whole thing a lively, satirical edge". [25]
In 2009, The Thing Around Your Neck was long-listed for the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award and shortlisted for John Llewellyn Rhys Prize. In 2010, it was shortlisted as the Best Book (Africa) in the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and a runner up of the Dayton Literary Peace Prize. [26]