Thenmozhi Soundararajan

Last updated

Thenmozhi Soundararajan
Thenmozhi Soundararajan 20170811-7574 (cropped).jpg
Thenmozhi Soundararajan at Wikimania 2017
Born
Oakland, California
Occupation(s)Artist, Activist, Research, Public Speaker
Organization(s) Third World Majority, Media Justice Network, Equality Labs
Notable workTrauma of Caste, 2022 Caste in the United States. 2016
Website https://dalitdiva.com/

Thenmozhi Soundararajan is an Indian American Dalit rights activist based in the United States of America. [1] She is also a transmedia storyteller, songwriter, hip hop musician and technologist. [1] [2] [3] She has been actively campaigning for the rights of the marginalized in the midst of structural casteism. [4] She is the founder of Equality Labs, the largest Dalit civil rights organization in the United States. Soundararajan is known for her advocacy work against caste discrimination in the United States and India, and for her contributions to the field of media and technology justice. She has co-authored reports on hate speech and disinformation on social media, and has spoken out against caste-based harassment in the tech industry. Soundararajan's book "The Trauma of Caste" explores the intersection of caste, gender, and mental health, and advocates for the recognition and healing of caste soul wounds as a prerequisite for caste abolition. She has also been involved in art and storytelling projects, including the creation of the #DalitWomenFight movement and the curation of Dalit History Month.

Contents

Personal life

Soundararajan was born in the United States to parents that migrated from a rural area near Madurai, Tamil Nadu in India. [5] Her father is a doctor and her mother has had a college education, the first woman in her family to have had one. Soundararajan has said that there was inter-caste violence in their village. [6] When Soundararajan was in the fifth grade, after reading about the effects of the Bhopal disaster on the Untouchables, she learned from her mother that she was a Dalit. [7] She was raised with both Hindu and Christian beliefs, but she has eventually chosen to follow Buddhism. [8]

Soundararajan publicly revealed that she was a Dalit when she made a documentary film on caste and violence against women as a part of her college thesis at the University of California, Berkeley. For Soundararajan, this decision had many consequences: while fellow Dalits secretly confided in her about their identity, she has also stated that she faced discrimination from all but one of the Indian professors in her campus and that they refused to advise her on projects. [7]

Professional life

Soundararajan is a filmmaker, transmedia artist and storyteller. Soon after her graduation, she founded a media training organisation called Third World Majority in Oakland, California, which operated between 2001 and 2008. [9] [10] It served as a new media training and production resource centre for women of color, focused on media and technology justice. She was also a co-founder of Media Justice Network, anchored on Third World Majority. She worked with over 300 community organizations across the United States in this context. [11] [12] [13]

She gained media attention in April 2022 when her scheduled talk for Google News employees during Dalit History Month was cancelled due to some employees accusing her of being "Hindu-phobic" and "anti-Hindu". Soundararajan appealed to Google CEO Sundar Pichai, who comes from an upper-caste family in India, but her talk was still cancelled, leading some employees to believe that Google was ignoring caste bias. [14] [15] [16]

Work at Equality Labs

In 2015, Soundararajan founded Equality Labs in Oakland, which is now described as the largest Dalit civil rights organisation in the United States. [17] She co-authored a report that described a survey about caste and caste discrimination in the US, which was the first of its kind in 2016. [18] In May 2019, Equality Labs partnered with South Asian Americans Leading Together (SAALT), API Chaya, and the office of representative Pramila Jayapal to hold a congressional briefing on caste discrimination in the United States in Washington, DC. This briefing was the result of a caste survey that Equality Labs conducted in 2016–2017 to gather quantitative data on the existence of caste within the South Asian diaspora in the US. The organization found that anecdotal data was not enough for thorough advocacy around the issue, and a deeper understanding of how caste operates within the diaspora was needed. During the briefing, Soundararajan and other panelists shed light on the pervasive caste discrimination experienced by Dalits and other marginalized communities in the United States. They shared how on college campuses, "upper" caste students often refuse to share rooms with Dalits, and how Hindu students' associations leave out all those who do not adhere to "upper" caste Hindu practices and culture. [19] Soundararajan's advocacy group, Equality Labs told the Washington Post that more than 250 tech workers had come forward in the wake of the Cisco lawsuit, which brought caste discrimination in the US to the fore, [20] [21] to report incidents of caste-based harassment. [22] [23]

A report by Equality Labs, co-authored by Soundararajan in 2019, analyzed hate speech and disinformation on Facebook India and found that the highest proportion of hate speech – 37% – is linked to Islamophobia, followed by false news (16%), casteist hate speech (13%), and gender/sexuality-related hate speech (13%). Homophobic content was also found to be widely prevalent on Facebook India. Soundararajan has called on Facebook to conduct an independent human rights audit in India, similar to the one they conducted in the United States. She said that Facebook needs to strengthen its content moderation policies to address hate speech and disinformation targeted towards marginalized communities in India. [24]

In April 2020, Equality Labs published a report that Soundararajan co-authored about a coordinated social media campaign in India that was spreading anti-Muslim sentiment in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The campaign involved the use of hashtags such as #coronajihad and #biojihad and was traced back to supporters of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), as well as the Hindu nationalist paramilitary organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Soundararajan expressed concern over the partisan nature of the campaign and called on Modi to address the hate speech and disinformation being spread in his name. Data from social media monitoring tools showed that the #coronajihad hashtag alone had over 249,733 interactions on Facebook between March 29 and April 3, with almost 300,000 conversations taking place on Twitter. [25]

In 2022, Soundararajan co-authored a report on misinformation in Asian American and Pacific Islander communities, highlighting how false information is used to push underprivileged groups against one another and foster tensions within the community. The paper cites important practices that contribute to the dissemination of disinformation, such as the Men's Rights Asians movement, casteism, and social media aggregators of Black-on-Asian violence, and underlines that disinformation frequently contributes to the maintenance of white supremacy. Disinformation, according to Soundararajan, dilutes the prospect of a cohesive Asian American bloc, making it less strong. The research also illustrates how internal conflicts are manipulated to advance goals that harm the most vulnerable sections of society. For instance, the Hindu nationalist movement in India, promotes ethnonationalism, exacerbates tensions across caste and religion, and perpetuates disinformation that may run counter to the beliefs of the broader South Asian community and other groups of color. While the report reflects extreme views, Soundararajan warns that fringe movements, even those that start out with just a few followers, could grow to affect local elections and influence larger beliefs and perceptions. [26]

Art and activism

Soundararajan has used storytelling to speak about casteism within the Indian diaspora. Her approach to digital storytelling is informed by her background in Third Cinema, a cinema movement that arose in Latin America in the 1960s with the goal of creating films that challenged prevailing Western aesthetics and ideas. Soundararajan was the inaugural Community Director of the Center for Digital Storytelling's Community Digital Storytelling program, where she pioneered her approach to digital storytelling as a collaborative and community-based activity. [27] She has also consulted with groups such as the National Alliance for Media Arts and Culture and the Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network on themes such as social justice, media literacy, and youth empowerment. Soundararajan's collaboration with TWM has received multiple prizes and funding, including those from the Creative Work Fund, the National Association of Latino Arts and Culture, and the Rockwood Leadership Institute. [28] Outlook magazine published her essay and a photo series about her Dalit experience in the United States. [29]

From the #DalitWomenFight Photo Gallery by Thenmozhi Soundararajan Dalit Women's Swabimaan Self-Respect Yatra In Kurukshetra.jpg
From the #DalitWomenFight Photo Gallery by Thenmozhi Soundararajan

In 2015, the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation included her in their first group of Artist as Activist fellows. [1] She has used this fellowship to work on #DalitWomenFight, a transmedia project and activist movement. Soundararajan published a photoseries about the "Dalit Mahilaswabihmaan Yatra". This was the brainchild of the All India Dalit Mahila Adhikaar Manch where survivors and activists took to marching across India to call out the systemic failure of the Indian government to protect Dalit women and their families. [1] [30]

Soundararajan has been involved in curating and creating Dalit History Month, a participatory radical history project. [31] [32] Its goal is to share Dalit historians' research, which is a deviation from many scholarly projects which have studied Dalit history without leadership or collaboration from Dalits. [33]

In 2018, She created a poster with the slogan "Smash Brahmanical Patriarchy" to draw attention to the vitriol directed towards Dalit activists on Twitter. This poster gained significant attention when a photo of Twitter's former CEO Jack Dorsey holding the sign was circulated online, sparking controversy in India. The photo led to calls for action against Soundararajan and Twitter, ultimately forcing the company to issue an apology for the incident. [34]

Music and storytelling

She has worked with bassist Marvin Etizioni on her debut blues album, Broken People, which was a collection of liberation songs about people belonging to the Black and Dalit community. [7] [35] Soundararajan, along with Cesar Arvizo, David Huber and Chevy Chen, founded the group Midnight Radio that released an EP called Midnight Radio EP. [36] This group came together during their time in film school, in 2011, and called itself a neo-noir ska/rock/funk group. Under Third World Majority, she started producing musical storytelling videos in 2012. [37] In 2021, Soundararajan started releasing music under her SoundCloud under the name "dalitdiva". [38] In 2020, She began hosting the podcast, "Caste in the USA", in which she explores caste discrimination at American campuses, offices, and households, through conversations with individuals who have first-hand experience with casteism in America.

Writing

Soundararajan's book "The Trauma of Caste" examines the impact of caste, gender, and mental health on marginalized communities in India. She argues for the importance of reclaiming spirituality and mental health care as tools for fighting caste oppression. Soundararajan also critiques the erasure of caste diversity in the pursuit of ultra-nationalism and advocates for de-Brahminization as a necessary step towards decolonization. She emphasizes the need to recognize and heal caste soul wounds as a prerequisite for caste abolition and calls for solidarity and resilience-building within Savarna communities. [39]

Works

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caste</span> Formal and informal social stratification and classification which confers status

A caste is a fixed social group into which an individual is born within a particular system of social stratification: a caste system. Within such a system, individuals are expected to marry exclusively within the same caste (endogamy), follow lifestyles often linked to a particular occupation, hold a ritual status observed within a hierarchy, and interact with others based on cultural notions of exclusion, with certain castes considered as either more pure or more polluted than others. The term "caste" is also applied to morphological groupings in eusocial insects such as ants, bees, and termites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dalit</span> Marginalized castes in India and other South Asian countries

Dalit is a term used for untouchables and outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent. They are also called Harijans. Dalits were excluded from the fourfold varna of the caste hierarchy and were seen as forming a fifth varna, also known by the name of Panchama. Several scholars have drawn parallels between Dalits and the Burakumin of Japan, the Baekjeong of Korea and the peasant class of the medieval European feudal system.

The term Dalit Christian or Christian Dalit is used to describe those who have converted to Christianity from other forms of religion in the Indian subcontinent, and are still categorised as Dalits in Hindu, Christian, Muslim, and Sikh societies in South Asia. Hindu Dalits are sometimes referred to as Harijans. About 90% of Pakistani Christians are Dalits from the Chuhra caste and at least 9% of Indian Christians are Dalits, categorised thus by the greater societal practices in various parts of the Indian subcontinent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hindu American Foundation</span> American Hindu advocacy organization

The Hindu American Foundation is an American Hindu non-profit advocacy group founded in 2003. The organisation has its roots in the Hindu nationalist organisation Vishwa Hindu Parishad America and its student wing Hindu Students Council.

Ruth Manorama is a Dalit social activist from Bangalore, India who fights for Dalit women's rights, the rights of domestic workers and those in the unorganized labour sector, as well as urban slum dwellers. In 2006, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award.

The caste system among South Asian Christians often reflects stratification by sect, location, and the caste of their predecessors. There exists evidence to show that Christian individuals have mobility within their respective castes. But, in some cases, social inertia caused by their old traditions and biases against other castes remain, causing caste system to persist among South Asian Christians, to some extent. Christian priests, nuns, Dalits and similar groups are found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal.

Caste-related violence in India has occurred and continues to occur in various forms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gail Omvedt</span> American-born Indian sociologist (1941–2021)

Gail Omvedt was an American-born Indian sociologist and human rights activist. She was a prolific writer and published numerous books on the anti-caste movement, Dalit politics, and women's struggles in India. Omvedt was involved in Dalit and anti-caste movements, environmental, farmers' and women's movements, especially with rural women.

Persecution and discrimination against Dalits has been observed in the countries such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, the UK, and the US.

Dalit literature is a genre of Indian writing that focuses on the lives, experiences, and struggles of the Dalit community over centuries, in relation to caste-based oppression and systemic discrimination. This literary genre encompasses various Indian languages such as Marathi, Bangla, Hindi, Kannada, Punjabi, Sindhi, Odia and Tamil and includes narrative-styles like poems, short stories, and autobiographies. The movement started gaining influence during the mid-twentieth-century in independent India and has since spread across various Indian languages.

Yashica Dutt or Yashica Dutt Nidaniya is an Indian writer and freelance journalist who has written on topics including fashion, gender, identity, culture and caste. Following the response to her 2016 blog post, ‘Today, I’m coming out as Dalit‘, Dutt published "Documents of Dalit Discrimination" on Tumblr and the book Coming Out as Dalit, which received a Sahitya Akademi award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grace Banu</span> Indian Dalit software engineer and transgender activist

Grace Banu is an Indian software engineer who is a Dalit and transgender activist. She was the first transgender person to be admitted to an engineering college in the state of Tamil Nadu. She lives in the Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu.

Baby Kamble, commonly known as Babytai Kamble, was an Indian activist and writer. She was born into an untouchable caste, Mahar, the largest untouchable community in Maharashtra. She was a well-known Dalit activist and writer who was inspired by B. R. Ambedkar, prominent dalit leader. Kamble and her family converted to Buddhism and remained lifelong practicing Buddhists. In her community, she came to be admired as a writer and was fondly called as Tai. She is widely remembered and loved by the Dalit community for her contributions of powerful literary and activist work. She is one of the earliest women writers from the untouchable communities whose distinctive reflexive style of feminist writing setting her apart from other Dalit writers and upper caste women writers who gaze was limited and reflexivity incarcerated in caste and masculinity.

Sanghapali Aruna, also known as Sanghapali Aruna Lohitakshi, is a human rights activist from India, best known for her work on Dalit women's rights. She is the Executive Director of Project Mukti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dalit History Month</span> Annual celebration of Dalit history

Dalit History Month is an annual observance as a way of remembering important people and events in the history of the Dalits or Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. It is celebrated in April all over the world by Ambedkarites, followers of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Discussions, storytelling, history projects, special publications in media, and art works are organized during this month. The Canadian Province of British Columbia recognized April as Dalit History Month.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shruti Nagvanshi</span> Indian activist

Shruti Nagvanshi is an Indian women's and child's rights activist and an advocate for marginalized groups in India, including the untouchable caste known as Dalit and rural women. She is one of the founding members of People's Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR) and a founder of Savitri Bai Phule Mahila Panchayat, a women’s forum. She has worked with several other projects to empower minorities.

Caste discrimination in the United States is a form of discrimination based on the social hierarchy which is determined by a person's birth. Though the use of the term caste is more prevalent in South Asia and Bali, in the United States, Indian Americans also use the term caste.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambedkar International Center</span> American civil rights advocacy group

Ambedkar International Center is a civil rights advocacy group that was formed in 2012 to fight against caste discrimination in the United States. The organization's mission is to strengthen unity among scheduled castes (SCs), scheduled tribes (STs) and other backward classes (OBCs) living in the United States of America. The organisation is named after the Indian social activist and caste reformer, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar.

Tribal casteism encompasses South Asian practices of social marginalisation within tribes. These practices are often overlooked by scholars and the media because of a colonial legacy that employed orientalist empiricism to construct tribes as egalitarian and structurally opposite to Hindu caste society. Indian sociologists and historians often appeal to a "tribe-to-caste continuum" that has elements of contested social evolution and miss the fluid and changing nature of tribal social organization, both internally and with regard to state recognition for affirmative action quotas—Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Equality Labs is a South-Asian Ambedkarite organisation co-founded by Thenmozhi Soundararajan, Aruna Sanghapali and Valli Karunakaran in 2015. The organisation focuses on addressing caste discrimination within the South Asian diaspora and has conducted significant research on the issue. They released a groundbreaking report in 2016, presenting the first-ever survey on caste and caste discrimination in the US. Equality Labs has actively advocated for marginalized communities, shedding light on pervasive caste discrimination experienced by Dalits and other marginalized groups, including on college campuses. Additionally, they have conducted research on hate speech and disinformation on platforms like Facebook India, calling for stronger content moderation policies to address targeted hate speech against marginalized communities.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Holpuch, Amanda (March 12, 2015). "Thenmozhi Soundararajan: fighting the Dalit women's fight with art and activism". The Guardian.
  2. ↑ Soundararajan, Thenmozhi (March 20, 2017). "Creating Technology by the People, for the People" (Interview). Interviewed by Laura Flanders. The Nation.
  3. ↑ Kowtal, Asha; Soundararajan, Thenmozhi (May 2, 2014). "The Journey towards Liberation" (Interview). Interviewed by Sonia J. Cheruvillil. Feminist Wire.
  4. ↑ "Google accused of 'ignoring' caste bias as Dalit activist's talk cancelled, company denies charge". June 4, 2022.
  5. ↑ Dhanya Rajendran, Thenmozhi Soundararajan (June 5, 2022). Google | ‘Talk on caste isn't the problem, caste is’ | Thenmozhi Soundararajan to TNM (interview). The News Minute. 24:15 minutes in – via YouTube.
  6. ↑ Sathian, Sanjena (April 14, 2015). "Can Art Dismantle a Centuries-Old System?". OZY. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 Soundararajan, Thenmozhi (July 29, 2014). "Still I Rise". Elle India. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014.
  8. ↑ Dhanya Rajendran, Thenmozhi Soundararajan (June 5, 2022). Google | ‘Talk on caste isn't the problem, caste is’ | Thenmozhi Soundararajan to TNM (interview). The News Minute. 8:05 minutes in – via YouTube.
  9. ↑ Carrie Rentschler, Culture is a Weapon: The Digital Media Activism of Third World Majority, ANVC: The Alliance for Networking Visual Culture, July 11, 2019.
  10. ↑ Thenmozhi Soundararajan, Community Change Collaborative, Virginia Tech, retrieved 18 April 2021.
  11. ↑ "Thenmozhi". AID Conference. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
  12. ↑ Third World Majority TWM, Wiser Directory, retrieved 18 April 2023.
  13. ↑ From Third Cinema to Media Justice: Third World Majority and the Promise of Third Cinema, ANVC: The Alliance for Networking Visual Culture, February 6, 2019.
  14. ↑ Tiku, Nitasha (June 2, 2022). "Google's plan to talk about caste bias led to 'division and rancor'". The Washington Post .
  15. ↑ "Dalit civil rights activist accuse Google of a casteist and hostile workplace practices". Hindustan Times. June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  16. ↑ O’Leary, Lizzie (July 18, 2022). "Silicon Valley Has a Caste Problem". Slate Magazine. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  17. ↑ Claire Wang, ‘Caste is anti-Asian hate’: the activists fighting ‘less visible’ discrimination in the US, The Guardian, 17 April 2023.
  18. ↑ Paul, Sonia (April 25, 2018). "When Caste Discrimination Comes To The United States". NPR .
  19. ↑ Salim, Mariya (May 27, 2019). "A Historic Congressional Hearing on Caste in the US". The Wire .
  20. ↑ "Caste Bias Lawsuit Against Cisco Tests Rare Workplace Claim". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  21. ↑ "California accuses Cisco of job discrimination based on Indian employee's caste". Reuters. July 1, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  22. ↑ "How Big Tech Is Importing India's Caste Legacy to Silicon Valley". Bloomberg.com. March 11, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  23. ↑ Tiku, Nitasha (October 27, 2020). "India's engineers have thrived in Silicon Valley. So has its caste system". The Washington Post .
  24. ↑ Nair, Shalini; Mehrotra, Karishma (June 11, 2019). "'Islamophobia in 37% of hate speech, disinformation on Facebook'". The Indian Express .
  25. ↑ "India's Hindu Nationalists Are Inciting Hate By Claiming Muslims Are Spreading Coronavirus". www.vice.com. April 10, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  26. ↑ "Racist and sexist disinformation is sowing divisions among Asian Americans". NBC News. August 12, 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  27. ↑ "Thenmozhi Soundararajan". Richard and Mary L. Gray Center for Arts and Inquiry - The University of Chicago. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  28. ↑ "From Third Cinema to Media Justice: Dreaming the Solutions of Freedom for our People: Third World Majority Revolutionizes the Digital Story". From Third Cinema to Media Justice. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
  29. ↑ Soundararajan, Thenmozhi (August 20, 2012). "The Black Indians". Outlook India.
  30. ↑ Booth, Katie; Maloney, Alli (November 4, 2015). "Women campaign to dismantle India's destructive caste system". Women in the World in Association with The New York Times.
  31. ↑ Dalit History Matters Collective (April 1, 2015). "Dalit History Matters". Round Table India.
  32. ↑ Maneck, Ankita (April 14, 2017). "Ambedkar Jayanti 2017: Here's a look at Dalit History Month to explore forgotten narratives". Firstpost.
  33. ↑ Gonsalves, Roanna (November 17, 2016). "Selfie is not a dirty word". The Conversation.
  34. ↑ Nair, Shalini (May 2, 2023). "Upper-caste backlash makes Twitter cut sorry figure". The Indian Express .
  35. ↑ "Thenmozhi Soundararajan". Sloan Science and Film. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
  36. ↑ "MidnightRadio". SoundCloud. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Thenmozhi Soundararajan – YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  38. ↑ "dalitdiva". SoundCloud. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  39. ↑ Naraharisetty, Rohitha (April 26, 2023). "Healing the Trauma of Caste, With Thenmozhi Soundararajan". The Swaddle. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
  40. ↑ Soundarajan, Thenmozhi (October 12, 2022). "We conducted US' 1st caste survey. Got slurs, saw Dalit silence, 1 group had existential crisis". ThePrint. Retrieved October 26, 2022.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.