Caste-related violence in India

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Caste-related violence in India has occurred and continues to occur in various forms.

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According to a report by Human Rights Watch:

inhuman, and degrading treatment of over 165 million people in India has been justified on the basis of caste. Caste is descent-based and hereditary in nature. It is a characteristic determined by one's birth into a particular caste, irrespective of the faith practiced by the individual. Caste denotes a traditional system of rigid social stratification into ranked groups defined by descent and occupation. Caste divisions in India dominate in housing, marriage, employment, and general social interaction-divisions that are reinforced through the practice and threat of social ostracism, economic boycotts, and physical violence. [1]

Quoting about the atrocities that are committed by land holding communities on Untouchables, Author Dr. C. P. Yadav states that, "Atrocities are committed on the 'Untouchables' in the villages and small towns and the incidents of such cases are showing an upward trend. Atrocities are committed by the members of land holding Upper castes like Vanniyars and Thevars in Tamil Nadu; by Reddys and Kammas in Andhra Pradesh; by Marathas and Kunbis in Maharashtra; by Bhumihars and Rajputs in Bihar, by Jats, Gujars, Ahir and Rajputs in Uttar Pradesh". [2]

20th century

YearEventLocationDescription
1948Anti-Brahmin riots Maharashtra After assassination of Mahatma Gandhi by Nathuram Godse who was a Chitpavan Brahmin, Marathi Brahmins were targeted by people from the Maratha caste. Later, Jains and Lingayats also attacked innocent Brahmins. Several incidents of burning of homes were reported. [3] [4] [5]
1957 Ramnad riots Tamil Nadu The Ramnad riots or the Mudukulathur riots were a series of violent clashes that occurred between July and September 1957 in the Ramnad district and in southern Tamil Nadu, India. The violence was between Thevars supporting the Forward Bloc, and pro-Congress Dalit Pallars, and was triggered by a by-election held in the aftermath of the Madras Legislative Assembly elections of earlier that year. 42 Dalits were killed during the riots. [6] [7]
1968 Kilvenmani massacre Tamil Nadu Massacre on 25 December 1968 in which a group of 44 Dalit village labourers who were on strike for higher wages were murdered by a gang, sent by their landlords.
1978 Villupuram violence Tamil Nadu The 1978 Villupuram atrocity was an incident of caste based violence which happened on July 1978 in Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. The violence resulted in 12 Dalits being killed and more than 100 Dalit houses burned down in Periyaparaichery, a Dalit settlement. The violence was caused when a group of Dalits allegedly attacked a dominant caste man after he allegedly molested a Dalit women. Later, dominant caste people attacked the settlement with rocket fireworks and indulged in arsoning and assault. The Dalits also retaliated by setting fire to several dominant caste houses.
1981 Behmai massacre Uttar Pradesh Phoolan Devi (1963 – 2001) was an Indian dacoit (bandit), who later became politician. Born into a traditional Mallaah (boatman class) family, she was kidnapped by a gang of dacoits. The Gujjar leader of the gang tried to rape her, but she was protected by the deputy leader Vikram, who belonged to her caste. Later, an upper-caste Thakur friend of Vikram killed him, abducted Phoolan, and locked her up in the Behmai village. Phoolan was raped in the village by Thakur men, until she managed to escape after three weeks. [8]


Phoolan then formed a gang of Mallahs of her own, which carried out a series of violent robberies in north and central India, in search for Revenge. Seventeen months after her escape from Behmai, Phoolan returned to the village, to take her revenge. On 14 February 1981, her gang massacred 22 Thakur men in the village, only two of which were supposedly involved in her kidnapping or rape. Phoolan Devi later surrendered and served eleven years in prison, after which she became a politician. During her election campaign, she was criticized by the women widowed in the Behmai massacre. Kshatriya Swabhiman Andolan Samanvay Committee (KSASC), a Kshatriya organization, held a statewide campaign to protest against her. She was elected a Member of Parliament twice and fought for Dalit & Indigenous Rights.


On July 25, 2001, Phoolan Devi was shot dead by unknown assassins. Later, a man named Sher Singh Rana confessed to the murder, saying he was avenging the deaths of 22 Kshatriyas at Behmai. Although the police were skeptical of his claims, he was arrested. Rana escaped from Tihar Jail in 2004. In 2006, KSASC decided to honor Rana for "upholding the dignity of the Thakur community" and "drying the tears of the widows of Behmai." [9]

1985 Karamchedu massacre Andhra Pradesh, Karamchedu This massacre occurred on 17 July 1985, when madiga -caste dalits were killed by the Kamma caste people in 1985. Many people lost their lives in the incident. [10]
1987 Dalelchak-Bhagaura Massacre Bihar The killing of 52 upper caste members particularly from Rajput community was organised by a Maoist Communist Centre, a far-left militia led by Yadavs and composed mostly of members of lower (scheduled) castes. Ranvir Sena took revenge of these killings by killing people of scheduled caste members. [11]
1987 Neerukonda massacre Andhra Pradesh The Neerukonda Massacre happened in Andhra Pradesh on July 15, 1987, in Neerukonda village, inside the Guntur district of India's Andhra Pradesh state. An angry mob composed of members of the Kamma caste began attacking Dalit Malas after some of them held a wedding ceremony inside the town's upper-class areas. [12] [13] [14] The rioters killed five people which included four Malas. Among those people killed was a 60-year old Mala elder. [15] Many Malas fled to nearby Mangalagiri. [12]
1991 Tsundur massacre Andhra Pradesh, Tsundur The village became infamous for the killing of 8 dalits on the 6 August 1991, when a mob of over 300 people, composed of mainly Reddys and Telagas, chased down the victims along the bund of an irrigation canal. This happened after Dalits were socially boycotted by the Reddy landowners of the village. The social boycott happened because a young graduate Dalit youth was beaten as his feet had unintentionally touched a Reddy woman near a cinema hall and the Dalits of the village supported him. As a result, e. In the trial which was concluded, 21 people were sentenced to life imprisonment and 35 others to a year of rigorous imprisonment and a penalty of Rs. 2,000 each, on the 31 July 2007, by special judge established for the purpose under the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.
1990sViolence by Ranvir Sena Bihar Ranvir Sena is a militia group based in Bihar. The group is based amongst the higher-caste landlords, and carries out actions against the outlawed naxals in rural areas. It has committed violent acts against Dalits and other members of the scheduled caste community in an effort to prevent their land from going to them.

[16]

1992 Bara massacre BiharOn the midnight of 12–13 February 1992, the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCC), now the Communist Party of India (Maoist), brutally killed 35 members of the Bhumihar caste at Bara Village near Gaya District of Bihar. The MCC's armed group brought the 35 men of Bara village to the bank of a nearby canal, tied their hands and slit their throats.As many as 36 people were accused of the crime, but charges were framed against only 13. The police failed to arrest the others, who had defied their summons. [17]
1996 Bathani Tola massacre Bihar21 Dalits were killed by the Ranvir Sena in Bathani Tola, Bhojpur in Bihar on 11 July 1996. [18] Among the dead were 11 women, six children and three infants. Ranvir Sena mob killed women and children in particular with the intention of deterring any future resistance which they foresaw.

[16]


Six members of Naimuddin Ansari's family were slaughtered by Ranvir Sena according to a witness statement. The FIR[ clarification needed ] was lodged against 33 persons the day after the massacre. Niammuddin was a bangle-seller at the time of the carnage, whose 3 month old daughter was killed. Widespread claims suggest they were killed by Ranvir Sena aggressors. Naimuddin's 7 year son Saddam was attacked and his face was mutilated by sword lacerations.


On 17 April 2012, the Patna High Court acquitted 23 men convicted of the murders. A Division bench of judges Navneeti Prasad Singh and Ashwani Kumar Singh cited "defective evidence" to acquit all of them. [16] [18] The next day, the Bihar State SC/ST Welfare Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi stated that the NDA-led Government (under Nitish Kumar) had decided to move to Supreme court challenging the Patna HC Order. [19]


A Ranvir Sena sympathizer, who spoke to the Hindu correspondent Shoumojit Banerjee, justified the reactionary mobilisation of the upper castes against those Naxals. "The land is ours. The crops belong to us. The labourers did not want to work, and also hampered our efforts by burning our machines and imposing economic blockades. So, they had it coming." [16]


Following the Bathani Tola carnage, there were several retaliatory naxal attacks killing at least 500 upper caste civilians [20] as well as attacks on Dalits and Labourers organized by the Ranvir Sena in Laxmanpur Bathe and Sankarbigha in which 81 Dalits were killed. [16] The Counsel for the witness, Anand Vatsyayan, expressed being shocked at the High Court verdict and reportedly said that "sufficient evidence were at hand to uphold the judgement passed by the Ara sessions court. The Supreme Court guidelines in the event of a massacre are quite clear. The eyewitnesses need not remember all the names. Moreover, of the six prime witnesses questioned in this case, all had conclusively pointed fingers at the persons convicted by the lower court. [18]

1994 Chhotan Shukla murder caseBiharChhotan Shukla was a gangster of the Bhumihar community known for his tussle with Brij Bihari Prasad, a government minister who hailed from the Bania caste. [21] During his return from an election campaign he was murdered allegedly by men operating on behalf of Prasad. In retribution, Prasad was also shot dead. Anand Mohan Singh, who was a leader of the upper-caste Rajputs, and his close companion Munna Shukla, the brother of Chhotan and himself a Bhumihar leader, were tried and given life terms in prison. The District Magistrate of Gopalganj, G. Krishnaiah, was also murdered by upper castes as he symbolised the growing power of backwards communities. [22]
1997 Melavalavu massacre Tamil Nadu, Madurai district In the village of Melavalavu, in Tamil Nadu's Madurai district, following the election of a Dalit to the village council presidency, members of caste Hindus (Kallar) group murdered of six Dalits in June 1996. [23] Melur panchayat, which was a general constituency, was declared a reserved constituency in 1996. This had caused resentment between Scheduled Caste people and Kallar (Ambalakarar) community. In the 1996 panchayat elections, Murugesan was elected president. [24] In June 1996, a group of persons attacked Murugesan, vice-president Mookan and others with deadly weapons, resulting in the death of six persons and injuries to many others. A total of 40 persons were cited as accused in the case. The trial court convicted Alagarsamy and 16 others and sentenced them to undergo life imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court by its judgment dated April 19, 2006, confirmed the trial court's order. Alagarsamy and others filed appeals against this judgment. [24]
1997 Laxmanpur Bathe massacre BiharOn 1 December 1997, Ranvir Sena gunned down 58 Dalits at Laxmanpur Bathe, Jehanabad, in retaliation for the Bara massacre in Gaya where 37 upper castes were killed. In particular, a specific Bhumihar community was targeted in retaliation for their opposition towards handing out their land for land reform. Charges were framed in the Laxmanpur-Bathe case on 23 December 2008 against 46 Ranvir Sena members for killing Dalits, including 27 women and 10 children men. [25] [26] On 7 April 2010, the trial court at Patna convicted all 26 accused. 16 were sentenced to death and the other 10 were each give life imprisonment and fines of Rs. 50,000. [25] [26] Around 91 of 152 witnesses in the case had deposed before the court. [25] On 9 October 2013, the Patna High Court suspended the conviction of all 26 accused, saying the prosecution had produced no evidence to guarantee any punishment at all. [26]
1997 Ramabai killings Mumbai On 11 July 1997, a statue of B.R. Ambedkar in the Dalit colony of Ramabai was desecrated by unknown individuals. An initially peaceful protest was fired on by the police, killing ten people, including a bystander who had not been involved in the protests. Later in the day, 26 people were injured when the police carried out a lathi charge against the protesters. Commentators suggested that the arbitrarily violent response from the police had been the result of caste based prejudice, as the leader of the team stood accused in multiple cases involving caste-based discrimination. [27]
1999Senari MassacreUttar PradeshThe Maoists extremist centre dominated by Yadav and Dusadh slaughtered 34 Bhumihar in Senari village near Jahanabad. [28]
1999Bhungar Khera incident Abohar, PunjabIn January 1999 four members of the village panchayat of Bhungar Khera village in Abohar paraded a handicapped Dalit woman, Ramvati Devi, naked through the village. No action was taken by the police, despite local Dalit protests. It was only on July 20 that the four panchayat members and the head Ramesh Lal were arrested, after the State Home Department was compelled to order an inquiry into the incident. [29]

21st century

YearEventLocationDescription
2000 Afsar massacre Bihar This incident was a consequence of rivalry for domination between upper-caste Bhumihars and backward-caste Kurmis. The killing of 12 Bhumihars sparked anger among Bhumihar youths. The perpetrators of the incident were members of the Ashok Mahto gang, formed by a Koeri militant who was also responsible for atrocities against upper castes including murder of sitting member of parliament Rajo Singh from Bihar. [11] [30]
2000Kambalapalli incident Karnataka On 11 March 2000, seven Dalits were locked in a house and burnt alive by an upper-caste Reddy mob in Kambalapalli, Kolar district of Karnataka state. The Civil Rights Enforcement (CRE) Cell investigation revealed deep-rooted animosity between the Dalits and the upper-castes as the reason for the violence. [31] The witnesses in the case, many of whom had narrowly escaped with their lives, had turned hostile during the trial in a lower court, resulting in a similar acquittal in 2006. Immediately after that verdict was delivered, many of the witnesses told the media that they backtracked because of threats from upper-caste groups. [32] A subsequent plea for a retrial was rejected by the High Court. [33]

A division bench of Karnataka High Court acquitted all 46 accused in August 2014. The bench headed by Justice Mohan Shantanagoudar held that a conviction would be "pre-judicial" to the interest of the accused given that 14 years had passed since the incident and all the 22 eyewitnesses had since turned hostile. The court also observed that the investigating police officer and some of the eyewitnesses were not cross-examined properly.

2005Jahanabad prison raid Bihar In 2005, Jahanabad, an area where Bhumihars are numerous, saw massive attacks and cordoning-off with the whole town under control of Maoists for more than two hours. About 200 armed men belonging to low caste agricultural labourers, led by poor peasants of castes such as the Koeri and Teli, attacked the district prison. They killed members of Ranvir Sena who were incarcerated there and returned with their comrades including Ajay Kanu, a Teli by caste. [34]
2006 Khairlanji massacre Maharashtra On September 29, 2006, four members of the Bhotmange family belonging to the Mahar community were killed by a mob of 40 people belonging to the Maratha Kunbi caste. The incident happened in Kherlanji, a small village in Bhandara district of Maharashtra. The Mahars are Dalit, while the Kunbi are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Indian government. The Bhotmanges were stripped naked and paraded to the village square by a mob of 40 people. The sons were ordered to rape their mother and sister, and when they refused, their genitals were mutilated before they were murdered. [35] An initial call to the police was ignored, and a search for the bodies was deliberately delayed 2 days. The bodies were found in a canal, and due to the length of time the bodies were in the water, much of the physical evidence was contaminated or destroyed. [36] The subsequent police and political inaction led to protests from Dalits. After allegations of a cover-up, the case was transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). [37]

Maharashtra's home minister and Indian National Congress leader R. R. Patil claimed that the Dalit protests were motivated by extremist elements. A government report on the killings implicated top police officers, autopsy doctors and the local BJP MLA Madhukar Kukde for covering-up. [37] A local court convicted 8 people, sentencing 6 of them to death and the other 2 to life. [38] However, the death sentences were later commuted to life by the Nagpur bench of the Bombay High Court. The High Court declared that the murders were motivated by revenge, not caste. [37]

2006 2006 Dalit protests MaharashtraIn November–December 2006, the vandalism of an Ambedkar statue in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, triggered violent protests by Dalits in Maharashtra. Several people remarked that the protests were fueled by the Khairlanji massacre. [39] During the violent protests, the Dalit protestors set 3 trains on fire, damaged over 100 buses, and clashed with police [40] At least 4 deaths and many more injuries were reported. [41] [42]
2006 Bant Singh case Punjab On the evening of 5 January 2006, Bant Singh, a Mazhabi Sikh, was attacked by unknown assailants. His injuries necessitated medical amputation. He alleges that this was in retaliation for actively working to secure justice for his daughter, who was gang raped by upper caste members of his village in Punjab five years earlier. [43] [44]
2008 Gurjar agitation in Rajasthan Rajasthan In the Indian province of Rajasthan, between the years 1999 and 2002, crimes against Dalits average at about 5024 a year, with 46 killings and 138 cases of rape. [45] [46]
2009Gangrape of Suman Balai Rajasthan Three Rajput men gangraped Suman Balai, a student, from their village after forcibly taking her to a dry well. They were convicted and sentenced to 10 years in prison. However, the Rajputs of the village harassed the Dalit woman for filing the complaint against their fellow Rajputs. This harassment ultimately resulted in her suicide. [47]
2011 Mirchpur Dalit killings incident Haryana In 2010, at Mirchpur, a Valmiki community colony of Dalits, a 2 year old dog allegedly barked at some 10 to 15 drunk boys from the Jat community who rode on motorcycles in front of the house of Jai Prakash. One of the Jat boys, Rajinder Pali, hurled a brick at the dog, causing a young Dalit to object. A physical fight ensued between them and the Jat boys threatened dire consequences. Later, two Valmiki elders named Veer Bhan and Karan Singh apologised to Jat elders but were beaten by them. On 21 April 2010, the Dalits met away from Mirchpur by arrangement with the police to achieve a compromise. [48] In their absence, 300 to 400 Jat men [49] and women went to Mirchpur, ransacked houses for jewels, cash and clothes, and then set the homes ablaze with Dalit women and children inside. [50] This led to death by burning of 70-year-old Tara Chand and his 18-year-old physically challenged daughter Suman. [48] [51] After this incident, 200 Dalit families left the village fearing for their safety. Only 50 families remained with a group of 75 CRPF personnel deployed in the village. [52] Police named 103 people in the charge sheet out of which 5 were juveniles. [53]

In September 2011, 15 people were convicted and 82 acquitted by a Sessions Court. [54] The CRPF presence was withdrawn in December 2016. In January 2017, Shiv Kumar a 17-year-old Dalit boy (also a district-level athlete) won a cash prize of Rs 1,500 in the cycle-stunt competition at a local playground. [55] A group of youths from the upper caste Jats [56] allegedly passing casteist remarks against him which led to a fight where nine Dalit youths, aged between 14 and 25, were severely injured. After this incident remaining 40 Dalit families also left the village. [57] On 24 August 2018, in a landmark judgement [58] Delhi High Court reversed the acquittal of 20 accused and upheld the conviction of 13 others in the case with enhanced punishment for nine of them. [59] [60] A bench of justices S. Muralidhar and I S Mehta said:

The incidents of April 21, 2010 constituted an act of deliberate targeting of Balmiki houses by Jats, setting them on fire in a pre-planned and carefully orchestrated manner. It was pursuant to a conspiracy by the Jats to ‘teach the Balmikis a lesson’. [61]

Muralidhar noted that atrocities by those belonging to dominant castes against Scheduled Castes have shown no sign of abating even after 71 years of Indian independence. [62] After the verdict, two police companies were deployed in Mirchpur under the charge of duty magistrate and DSP. [63] The next day, witnesses in the case did not step out for work fearing backlash of the verdict. [64]

2012 Dharmapuri violence Tamil Nadu In December 2012 approximately 268 dwellings — huts, tiled-roof and one or two-room concrete houses — of Dalits of the Adi Dravida community near Naikkankottai in Dharmapuri district of western Tamil Nadu were torched by the higher-caste Vanniyar. The victims have alleged that ‘systematic destruction’ of their properties and livelihood resources has taken place. [65]

In December 2012, in case of caste violence, two men named Akbar Ali and Mustafa Ansari were beaten by Muslims. [66]

2013 Marakkanam violence Tamil Nadu In April 2013, violence broke out between the villagers along East Coast Road near Marakkanam and those travelling to Vanniyar dominant caste gathering at Mamallapuram. A mob indulged in setting fire to houses, 4 buses of TNSTC and PRTC. 3 people were injured in police firing. Traffic was closed in ECR for a day. [67]
2015Dalit violence in DangawasRajasthan, Nagaur district On Thursday, May 14, 2015, clashes between Jats and Dalits in Dangawas village of Rajasthan's Nagaur district left 4 people dead and 13 injured. [68]
2016Violence following the suicide of Rohith Vemula Hyderabad The suicide of Rohith Vemula, of Central University of Hyderabad, on 18 January 2016 sparked protests and outrage from across India and gained widespread media attention as an alleged case of discrimination against Dalits and backward classes in India in which elite educational institutions have been purportedly seen as an enduring vestige of caste-based discrimination against students belonging to "backward classes".
2016 Ariyalur gang rape case Tamil NaduIn December 2016, a Hindu Munnani Union Secretary and three of his accomplices gang-raped, and murdered a 17-year-old minor Dailt girl in Keezhamaligai village, Ariyalur district. [12] The police revealed that the Hindu Munnani functionary was irritated over the lower-caste dalit girl who insisted to marry her after she got pregnant with him. [69] The men also pulled out the fetus from her womb. [70] Later, her body was found in decomposed state in a well with her hands tied, stripped of all jewelry and clothes. [71] [12]
2017 Anandpal Singh murder caseRajasthanThe murder case of Anandpal Singh was a culmination of various events which were result of battle for dominance between Jats and Rajput of Rajasthan. It was claimed by supporters of Singh that his encounter was a conspiracy. The allegations were also made that Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje, a maratha and Home Minister Gulab Chand Kataria, a Jats, [72] both were involved though charges were never proved. [73] [74] [75] [76]
2017 Saharanpur violence Uttar PradeshViolence broke out between Thakurs and dalits during the procession of Rajput warrior-king Maharana Pratap over the loud music. In the violence one man was killed, 16 were injured, and 25 Dalit houses were burned. The incident was connected to MP Raghav Lakhanpal, BJP member from Saharanpur. [77]
2018Samrau violenceRajasthanOn the evening of 14 January 2018, clashes between Jats and Rajputs in Samrau village of Rajasthan's Jodhpur district burned shops and houses of many innocent people, and destroyed the rawla (king's residence). [78]
2018 Bhima Koregaon violence Maharashtra, Pune This event was an attack on visitors during an annual celebratory gathering at Bhima Koregaon to mark the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Bhima Koregaon victory.


Later, a think tank called Forum for Integrated National Security(FINS), mainly consisting of retired army officers, released a report on the Bhima Koregaon riots. The report absolved the Hindu leaders Milind Ekbote and Sambhaji Bhide from direct involvement. Instead, it blamed the Maoists (ultra left-wing organisations) for instigating the Dalit activists. It also blamed the Maharashtra Police for "apathy" and overlooking evidence. [79] [80] [81]

2018 April caste protests in India India In early April 2018, lakhs of people belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) protested across India against an order of the Supreme Court on the Atrocities Act. In subsequent violence, 14 people died and hundreds were injured. [82] [83] [84] [85]
2018Kachanatham temple incidentTamil NaduOn 28 May 2018, dominant-caste Hindus were “enraged” that Dalits did not present temple honours to an upper-caste family, and a Dalit man sat cross-legged in front of upper-caste men. Dominant caste members also were enraged when Dalits protested the sale of marijuana in the area by people from a neighbouring village and intimidated and threatened the Dalits. [86] When the Dalit caste protested the intimidation and threats from the dominant castes in the village with the local police in retaliation a gang of 15 dominant caste members raided the Dalit village at night attacking people indiscriminately killing three and injuring six. [87]
2019 Suicide of Payal Tadvi Maharashtra, MumbaiOn 22 May 2019, Dr. Payal Tadvi, a 26-year-old Schedule-Tribe Muslim gynaecologist, [88] died by suicide in Mumbai. [89] For months leading up to her death, she had told her family that she was subjected to ragging by three "upper" caste women doctors; [90] however, the accused denied of having any knowledge of Tadvi's tribal background. [91] [92] They allegedly went to the toilet and then wiped their feet on her bed, called her casteist slurs, made fun of her for being a tribal on WhatsApp groups and threatened to not allow her to enter operation theatres or perform deliveries. A few hours before she took her life, she had reportedly told her mother, once again, about this harassment.
2020 Hathras gang rape & murder Uttar Pradesh, Hathras district In September 2020, a dalit girl in Hathras district of Uttar Pradesh was allegedly murdered by 4 men from Thakur caste. According to victim's family, the girl was gang raped by Thakurs of the Village and in order to eliminate the evidences her backbone was broken and the tongue was cut by the perpetrators. The girl has confessed the same on a video shot inside the Hospital. The Police secretly burned her dead body at midnight without conducting any Post Mortem Test. [93]
2022 Murder of Indra Meghwal Jalore district, Rajasthan A nine year old Dalit boy, named Indra Meghwal, was assaulted by a teacher after touching a pot of drinking water meant only for upper castes, which led to his death after 24 days. [94]
2023Gang rape and murder of Dalit woman Bikaner district, Rajasthan A 20 year old Dalit woman, was gangraped and murdered by three upper caste men and two policemen, when she was on the way to attend computer classes. [95]
2023Murder of Akshay Bhalerao Nanded district, Maharashtra A 24 year Dalit man, Akshay Bhalerao, was beaten and stabbed to death by 7 upper caste men for celebrating Dr.Ambedkar's birth anniversary. Victim's brother Akash was also beaten up. [96]
2023Brutal Murder of Manohar Lal Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh A 22 year Dalit man, Manohar Lal, was brutually murdered by chopping the body into eight pieces, in alleged honor killing by Sharif Mohammad for having an affair with a Muslim woman. [97]
2023Murder of 10 year old Gurjeet Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh A 10-year-old boy and a third grade student named Gurjeet was killed by group of upper caste men due to dispute over a land in the district of Budaun. When Gurjeet was found playing near the disputed area of the property, the upper caste men caught him, strangled and killed him and hung his body from a tree in a village farm. [98]
2023Minor Dalit girl gangraped by three college students Jodhpur district, Rajasthan A minor Dalit girl was assaulted and gangraped by three college students in front of her 17 yr old boyfriend at Jai Narayan Vyas University (JNVU) campus after he was assaulted and gagged. The minor girl eloped with her boyfriend when she was approached by three men with offer to help them in finding a place to stay, who took them to the university campus and assaulted them and gangraped the girl. The three college students were part of RSS student wing Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) and were arrested few hours after the incident. [99] [100] [101]

See also

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Kunbi is a generic term applied to several castes of traditional farmers in Western India. These include the Dhonoje, Ghatole, Masaram, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa, Lonare and Tirole communities of Vidarbha. The communities are largely found in the state of Maharashtra but also exist in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala and Goa. Kunbis are included among the Other Backward Classes (OBC) in Maharashtra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ranvir Sena</span> Upper-caste landlord militia group in India

The Ranvir Sena is a militia functioning as a landlord group, mainly based in the state of Bihar, India. The group was formed by Bhumihar landlords in 1994, with the aim to counter the influence of various left-wing militants, Naxalite groups and the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation (CPI-ML) in central Bihar. The Ranvir Sena has been connected to a number of massacres including the massacre at Laxmanpur Bathe. It has, on several occasions, been accused of human rights abuses. The Bihar state government banned the Ranvir Sena in July 1995, but the group continue to remain active. The group has frequently publicly claimed responsibility for its crimes with impunity.

The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes Act, 1989 was enacted by the Parliament of India to prevent atrocities and hate crimes against the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. In popular usage, including in parliamentary debates and in the judgements of the Supreme Court of India, it is referred to as the SC/ST Act. It is also referred to as the 'Atrocities Act', POA, and PoA.

The Khairlanji massacre was the murder of four Scheduled Caste citizens by villagers of Khairlanji on 29 September 2006. The killings took place in the small Indian village of Khairlanji (Kherlanji), located in the Bhandara district of the state of Maharashtra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caste politics</span> Identity politics on caste system lines in India

In India, a caste although it's a western stratification arrived from Portuguese word Casta and Latin word castus ,is a social group where membership is decided by birth. Broadly, Indian castes are divided into the Forward Castes, Other Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes. Indian Christians and Indian Muslims are also function as castes. With castes separating individuals into different social groups, it follows that each group will have conflicting interests; oftentimes putting those with lower social standing in less favorable positions. An attempt to address this inequality has been the reservation system, which essentially acts as affirmative action to provide representation to caste groups that have been systematically disadvantaged. There have also been other cases where political parties, like the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), was formed to challenge the power of the upper castes.

The red corridor, also called the red zone or according to the Naxalite–Maoist parlance the Compact Revolutionary Zone, is the region in the eastern, central and the southern parts of India where the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency has the strongest presence. It has been steadily diminishing in terms of geographical coverage and number of violent incidents, and in 2021 it was confined to 25 "most affected" and 70 "total affected" districts across 10 states in two coal rich, remote, forested hilly clusters in and around Dandakaranya-Chhattisgarh-Odisha region and tri-junction area of Jharkhand-Bihar and-West Bengal.

The Laxmanpur Bathe massacre was a massacre conducted in the Laxmanpur Bathe village in Arwal district of Bihar, where 58 scheduled caste people were allegedly killed by members of the Ranvir Sena in retaliation for the Bara massacre in which 37 upper castes were killed. Laxmanpur Bathe is a village in Arwal district in Bihar, on the Son river about 90–km from Patna.

The 1996 Bathani Tola massacre was an incident of caste-related violence in which an upper-caste militia killed 21 Dalits, including women and children, in the Bhojpur district in Indian state of Bihar on 11 July 1996. The attacks were allegedly by members of the Ranvir Sena, in response to Dalit labourers' demand for wage increase.

The 1997 Ramabai killings were a mass killing of Dalit residents of the Ramabai Ambedkar Nagar colony in Mumbai on 11 July 1997. A team of State Reserve Police Force members fired upon a crowd protesting the recent desecration of a statue of Constitution maker B. R. Ambedkar. 10 Dalits were killed and 26 injured in the incident.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anand Teltumbde</span> Indian scholar (born 1950)

Anand Teltumbde is an Indian scholar, writer, and human rights activist who is a management professor at the Goa Institute of Management. He has written extensively about the caste system in India and has advocated for the rights of Dalits.

Mirchpur is an Indus Valley civilization site and village in Narnaund, Hissar district, Haryana, India.

All India Dalit Mahila Adhikar Manch (AIDMAM) is a platform for women from the Dalit community to raise their voices for justice. This platform has raised several struggles and movements for self-respect and dignity. AIDMAM is a movement which was initiated by the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR). The aim of the movement is to recognize how the class, caste, and gender identity of a dalit woman overlap and place them at the very bottom of the social hierarchy. They work to empower dalit women to challenge these caste, class, and gender hierarchies and move forward in their struggle for justice. They do so through networking, enhancing skills and leadership at the state and district level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bihar Dalit Development Organization</span>

Bihar Dalit Development Organization was founded in Bihar, India, by José Kananaikil in 1982 for village level mobilization of Dalit men and women, solidarity building, the educational and economic empowerment of Dalits, and the elimination of caste discrimination.

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