Indian television drama

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Indian television dramas, often called Indian series or serials, are scripted television programs made in India, featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks. [1] [2]

Contents

India's first television drama, Hum Log (Hindi), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes. [3] Ekta Kapoor's Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the Limca Book of Records. [4] The Marathi series Char Divas Sasuche (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The Telugu series Abhishekam (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,500 episodes as of 2024, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and soap opera, airing for 16 years. [5]

Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of South Asia, the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North and Latin America, and parts of Africa. [6] [7]

Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)

Hum Log was India's first television drama, airing from 1984 to 1985 with a total of 154 episodes. [8] At the time, it was the longest-running serial in Indian television history. The show attracted around 60 million viewers, with each episode lasting about 25 minutes, except for the final episode, which was about 55 minutes long. [9] Veteran Hindi film actor Ashok Kumar appeared at the end of each episode, where he discussed the story and situations using Hindi couplets and limericks. In later episodes, he introduced the actors playing the characters and ended his monologues with variations of the phrase "Hum Log."

Phases/Changes of Tele serials from 1985 to 2017

YearsThemesTypes of serialsNotes
1985-1990's
  • Novel based and Novel type stories such as
  • Social issues
  • Social evils(social problem.)
  • Social injustice and pain
  • Social systems
  • Civic issues
  • Crimes
  • Income issue
  • Classical arts (musical,dance)related dramas such as Noopur TV Series 1990–& Phoolwanti
  • Family loss

(Drama genres)

  • Social drama
  • Novel type dramas
  • Sitcom (Wagle Ki Duniya)from 1988 to 1990.
  • Classic dramas
1990's and Mid 1990s(1995,1996,1997)
  • Romantic Dramatic ,Emotional series,Friendships,Relationships
  • Particular Individual life story and perspective
1998-2002
  • Rise and Popularity of Family Dramas
Rise after Family dramas popularity after Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi
  • CID first Indian police procedural television series
  • Suraag – The Clue is an Indian television first detective-crime drama series
After 2002&2003-2008
  • Family Tv Dramas created to attract younger generation audience in fashionable manner
2007-2015

Kahiin to Hoga , Maayka , Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann , Mehndi Tere Naam Ki , Hamari Betiyoon Ka Vivaah ,Betiyaan Apni Yaa... Paraaya Dhan, Har Ghar Kuch Kehta Hai , Behenein ,Kasak, Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai , Pirivom Santhippom (Remake of Bidaai serial), Roja Kootam , Amber Dhara , Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak? , Athipookal , Uravugal were launched .

2017-2020
  • Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact. [14]
  • In mid 2000's Tv serial from Balaji Telefilms Limited which launched a Tamil serial with new rare concept Kanavaru kahawhich had 2 leads The Main lead was Actor Sujitha & the serial had next lead character played by Ahalya fame Tinky Simar Kaur as Padmini with Strong headed personality.
  • Parvati sehgal played second lead with negative shades and aggressive type in Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya. [15]

In 2002, StarPlus aired a period drama miniseries titled Asoka, based on the 2001 film of the same name. The series had a limited run of five episodes. [16] [17]

By the late 2010s, the popularity of daytime and afternoon dramas had declined, and currently, no mainstream channels broadcast such programs. [18] Today, the major networks with nationwide prime-time television dramas are Colors TV, Star Plus, Sony Entertainment Television, Sun TV, and Zee TV. In 2017, networks attempted to regain viewership by reintroducing shows in the afternoon and daytime slots. Star Plus briefly revived the afternoon slot, but it ended by September 30, 2017. [19]

Biographical Dramas

Biographical dramas based on historical figures gained popularity on Indian television. Notable examples include Chanakya , Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan , Veer Shivaji , Jhansi Ki Rani , Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur , Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap , Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat, Rudramadevi . These shows depicted significant moments and figures from Indian history.

Historical Series

Porus, a historical drama about the Indian king Porus, aired on Sony Entertainment Television from 27 November 2017 to 13 November 2018. It is known as one of the most expensive shows in Indian television history, with a budget of over ₹500 crore. [20]

Other popular historical series include 21 Sarfarosh – Saragarhi 1897 , Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap , Bharatvarsh , Swaraj , Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani .

Crime Dramas and Thriller Series

Crime dramas have been a staple of Indian television. C.I.D. (1998–2018) followed a team of detectives from Mumbai's Crime Investigation Department and became the longest-running crime show in India, airing for 20 years. Other notable crime and thriller series include Suraag – The Clue , Jasoos Vijay , Special Squad, Monica Mogre – Case Files , Adaalat, C.I.D., 24, CIF, and Zindagi Badal Sakta Hai Hadsaa .

Science Fiction Series

Captain Vyom, an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s.

Superhero Shows

Superhero shows like Shaktimaan and Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Fantasy Series

Fantasy shows like Son Pari , Arslaan , Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani , Shaka Laka Boom Boom , Hatim , and Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha were popular in the early 2000s. Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga aired on Sony SAB from 2018 to 2021.

Comedy Shows

Popular comedy shows include Khushiyan ,Soni Mahiwal, Baa Bahoo Aur Baby , Bhaskar Bharti , Mrs. & Mr. Sharma Allahabadwale , Chintu Chinki Aur Ek Badi Si Love Story , Maddam Sir .

Comedy Sitcoms

Well-known sitcoms include Hum paanch , Hum Saath Aaat Hain, Tu Tu Main Main , Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani , Malini Iyer , Shararat , Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu ,Kadvee Khattee Meethi, Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi , FIR , Kya Mast Hai Life , Best of Luck Nikki , Chidiya Ghar , Jeannie Aur Juju , Sumit Sambhal Lega , TV Biwi Aur Main , Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo , Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain! , and Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah . Classic shows like Sarabhai vs Sarabhai , Khichdi , Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey , Uppum Mulakum , and Thatteem Mutteem are still considered among the best in India.

Historical Comedy Drama

Tenali Rama, based on the life of the Telugu poet Tenali Ramakrishna, aired on Sony SAB starting on 11 July 2017.

Revenge Series

Revenge-thriller shows such as Kasamm, Ek Hasina Thi , Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3 , Naagin , Vish Ya Amrit: Sitara , Ishqbaaaz , and Beyhadh gained significant attention. [21] Nagin - Vaadon Ki Agnipariksha, starring Sayantani Ghosh, was an earlier example of the genre and aired in 2007.

Main Banoongi Miss India , Lipstick (TV series) were notable series focused on fashion.

Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan, produced by Miditech, featured Tulip Joshi and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include Saara Akaash and Chhoona Hai Aasmaan , centered on the air force. [22] [23]

In 1993, DD Metro aired Kanoon , a courtroom drama with 111 episodes produced by B. R. Chopra. [24] Another notable legal drama was Adaalat (2010–2016), which focused on a defense lawyer, Advocate K. D. Pathak, played by Ronit Roy.

Left Right Left on SAB TV followed the story of six cadets at an Indian Army academy.

Social Dramas

Shows that addressed societal issues, such as Balika Vadhu (child marriage), Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo (gender discrimination), Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar (societal prejudice), Bidaai and Karuthamuthu (skin color bias), Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann (women's empowerment), Dahhej and Sthreedhanam (dowry), Godh Bharaai (Childless Discrimination) were widely viewed.. [25]

Mythological Series (2011–2020)

Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev achieved record-breaking TRPs and became one of the most successful mythological dramas in India. Other popular mythological series include Mahakali – Anth Hi Aarambh Hai , Mahabharat (2013-2014), and Namah (2019). [26]

Parental Conflict Series

Shows like Rishton Ka Chakravyuh and Maya explored the complexities of parental relationships but had shorter runs.

Evolution of TV serials from 2001 to 2020

Best shows of 2000s to 2010s

Daytime family dramas, including noon slots and prime-time retelecasts during the daytime, were highly popular throughout the 2000s to 2010s

Other diverse dramas

Noon slots(2000's-2012)

  • In 2011 Tere mere sapne the last show of after noon slot in STAR Plus which is famous & Known for Noon shows in mid 1990's and 2000s.

Retelecast in 2006-2009

It was also common for prime-time shows to be retelecast during the afternoon slot, further boosting their popularity.In 2007 Hindi general entertainment channels re aired old serials during Non prime time hours. StarPlus made reteleacast of past hit shows like kyun hota hai pyaar, Shararat , Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand ,Kehtha hai dil and other previous completed shows aired in morning(Non-Prime Time hours) from 7.00AM to 11.00 AM.Sony aired its old popular completed TV soaps Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai, Kkusum, Ye Meri Life Hai in Morning hours and Non-Prime Time hours.DD channel aired Meher serial at Non-Prime Time 4pm in 2009 during Sundays

Weekday shows

Weekdays shows were made during early 2000's as more different serials were launched. Kehta Hai Dil , Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand , Meher , Dil se door Dil ke paas,Kyun Hota Hai Pyaar, Sanjivani , Devi were the most hit shows of 2000's.

Romantic trend of serials(2002-2013)

In mid 2000, Romantic serials were being made instead of regular family dramas. It started from Kasautii Zindagii Kay, Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand and then followed as trend. one of the successful serials which started to add romantic themes and chemistry which were well received a mix of reactions from viewers especially from youths

Portrayal of strong female protagonists(2002-2010)

The series which gained popularity for their portrayal of strong female protagonists during that period.

Popular dramatic serials were well appreciated from viewers for strong screenplay & stellar performances.

serials based on daughter as main theme

Virrudh , Rishton Ke Bhanwar Mein Uljhi Niyati , Maharani ,Thirumagal are based on how daughters role is important being a pillar support as well as with emotional bond and play a significant pivotal role to their families as well as society and how their significant decisions are best in worst situations.

2006-2019 Hit Serials with mixed combinations

The following series which had mixed combination of romance, drama, emotions and light comedy which had good impact from viewers but the few series gets completed with short time even after popularity due to various reasons.

Though these serials had stipulated run but it had strong emotional theme related to parent hood.Few tele-series were created with a focus on parenthood and the complexities of parent-child relationships, such as

  • Basera (How old couples are treated with disregard)
  • Thalattu (Separation of mother and son through circumstances)
  • Tera Yaar Hoon Main (Father's longing to receive son's affection)
  • Sautela(Father and son emotional bond),
  • Mere Papa Hero Hiralal (Father and daughter bond)
  • Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi ,Parvarrish – Season 2 (Struggles of upbringing which explored the struggles of parents and their evolving dynamics with children).
  • Thangamana purushan(season 2) (A person whose wife is mentally sick for losing her child therefore searches his child which is adopted in some other family )
  • Santaan (challenges of a parent)&Swaran Ghar(Parents face struggle to provide the best things for their children) dealt with emotional challenges and experiences of a parent.
  • Sasneham (The story of mothers and fathers in oldage home.)

Kesari Nandan and Palampur Express are one of the Indian TV serials that dealt with the challenges of a sports player.

Meri Awaz Ko Mil Gayi Roshni is about the ambitions and passions of Musical singer Sudha Malik and her personal love raj and how she balanced her conflict of her personal and musical professional life.

Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai which is Musical drama television series played by the Jannat Zubair Rahmani, Amrita Rao Mehnaaz Maan and Aditi Vasudev along with Deepti Naval and Zarina Wahab played the lead roles. The story continues with three generations of two sisters whose lives revolve around music which results in misunderstanding and stiff competition

Tu Aashiquia theme about musical-romance television show with combination and chemistry between Singer Paaki & Musician Ahaan

Dhadkan Zindaggi Kii , Sanjivani , Sanjivani 2 are one of the Indian medical drama television series that dealt with their social, professional-dedication & emotional life

Everest revolves around the mountaineer Anjali Singh Rawat who successfully climbs Mount Everest, created by Ashutosh Gowariker and produced by Ashutosh Gowariker Productions Private Limited (AGPPL). A. R. Rahman composed the music for this television show.

  • Kokila Enge Pogiraal which was a Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV from 1999 to 2000 and produced under the banner by Sivaji Productions revolves around the life of Kokila played by ActorEaswari Rao who works in office as employee where she develops rivalry through evil colleague who is a rich business man and she gets framed for wrong reasons in fake case but actually was done by same colleague with the influence of a politician and help of a lawyer as they want to escape the case.
  • Karam Apnaa Apnaa season2 which had portrayed toxic work place cultures for few episodes as Gauri (Pallavi Subhash) as single mother who works in her deceased husband's Takeover partnership Firm which was acquired by distant brother in law Moksh(Arbaaz Ali Khan)
  • The season 3 of Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3 where Sanjana played by ActorSana Amin Sheikh as Negative lead where she works in Dev's communication business company as a Self-proclaimed fake interior decorator & Plagiarist designer.
  • Deivamagal serial had Actor Rekha Krishnappa played the role of Gayathri anniyar as Autocratic authoritarian Hotel supervisor possessing Superiority complex attitude

one of the best series related to workplace humor

Kolangal mainly revolves around the rivalry between Abinaya who is selfless person and Aditya is her Business rival and half brother.

Aati Rahengi Baharein which revolves around the happy life of Dr. Amar Sanghani where his life takes an unfortunate turn when he finds out that he is suffering from a deadly disease which is incurable and has short span of life and how he deals the trauma .

Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi

TV serials with Cultural clash

Current trend from (2020 to 2024)

one of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience

Shows based on Women protagonist centric

Tele serial impact in Films

Films which acted as catalyst in tele series

Serial noFilmsThemesTele-serials;Inspiration and ref notes
1 Biwi No.1 This film had new idea of emotions mixed with comedy ,charisma and the ability to rouse an audience Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti. [29]
2 Jab We Met One of the finest Romantic love stories with most interesting and enjoyable mannerMany serials were inspired by the bubbly role Geet, Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on STAR Plus is loosely based on the Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor starrer Jab We Met'
3 Vivah Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai inspired from the Bollywood film Vivah of Rajshri Productions. [30] ,later remake as Pirivom Santhippom
4 Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi, Seeta Aur Geeta *This film is about twins and their different personalities and how Identical Twins Switch PlacesMany serials were made related to twins switched or swapped.
5 Arundhati Arundhati horror fantasy film reincarnation of great-grandmother Jejamma to seek vengeance of her past enemy Pasupathi's spiritThirumagal 2020 serial had supernatural horror themes in 2023(from January 2023 to March 2023) as Anjali reincarnation of look alike great grand mother Azhagi who is Zaminadaari gets murdered by Malayaa,viewers Spotted these inspirations of the serial horror episodes very loosely inspired from the film

Indian television series inspired from films

1990s Notable Telefilms & Televised series

Web impact

South

In Web platform esp in South language mainly Tamil web content makers create tele-based web series or make parody (slight humour) manner which creates million of views

Sentiment/Dramatization type of Short film

Few set of viewers prefer short period of time so they view dramatization type of short films or short films which has a Social or Sentimental emotional theme or mixed content or potentially mature content.

Social impact

TV dramas have had a Significant impact on Indian society, influencing issues related to national integration, identity, globalization, [40] women, ethics, and social issues in rural areas.[18] The first Indian television drama series, Hum Log, originally began as a family planning program but quickly shifted its focus to entertainment. Despite this, it continued to incorporate pro-development messages, serving as a model for utilizing television serials as an "edutainment" method—a practice that has been adopted by countries around the world. [41]

A 2007 study examining the introduction of cable television in rural India revealed that it led to "significant decreases in the reported acceptability of domestic violence towards women and son preference, as well as increases in women's autonomy and decreases in fertility." The study also provided "suggestive evidence that exposure to cable television increases school enrollment for younger children, possibly through the increased participation of women in household decision-making." [42] [43]

Psychological impact

Normal approach

Criticism

Television rating point and rankings

After 2000's Indian television serials are based on Target rating point as an indicator and benchmark that signifies a TV programme's success & measures people's interests/viewership . [44] Story line changes based on TRP and sometimes most of the serials have to wrap up soon with quick end due to decrease in the level of TRP's. [45]

TRPs are calculated using the denominator as the Total Number of People in the Target Audience, and the numerator as the Number of People Who Watched the Program in the Target Audience multiplied by 100.TRP's can also be calculated

International reception

Afghanistan

Indian soap operas gained immense popularity in Afghanistan during the 2000s, building on the pre-existing popularity of Bollywood cinema in the region. In 2006, a Reuters article highlighted the airing of Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi , dubbed into Dari, captivating a broad audience. [46]

Men, women, young, and old—anyone with access to television—became enthralled by the family drama.

According to reports, during the war in Afghanistan, armed militants may have even paused their fighting to watch Indian dramas. [47]

However, the strong popularity of Indian dramas faced opposition from conservative hardliners who viewed them as a threat to the country's religious and national values. In response to conservative pressure, the government of Hamid Karzai ordered broadcasters to cease airing Indian dramas in April 2008. Broadcasters, however, refused to comply, arguing that the order violated the country's media law. [48]

Afghanistan's first homemade television drama serial, Palwasha, produced by Aina Afghan Media, began airing on November 25, 2007. Though shot in Kabul and in Dari, the series was directed by an Indian director, with several key contributors hailing from India. Additionally, the main character was portrayed by Indian actress Sonal Udeshi. [49] [50] [51] [52]

Brazil

Caminho das Índias India: A Love Story, [53] a popular Brazilian soap opera, was themed around Indian culture and became widely popular in Brazil. [54]

Dubai

Khwaish , which aired on Sony Entertainment Television and ARY Digital, became a hit show in Dubai in 2007. In 2016, due to high audience interest, A-Plus TV dubbed the popular romantic Hindi Colors TV serial Jeevan Sathi - Humsafar Zindagi Ke into Urdu, further increasing its appeal.

Indonesia

Indian TV dramas such as Uttaran and Balika Vadhu performed well in Indonesia, where they were dubbed in Indonesian and aired multiple times until their conclusions. Saath Nibhaana Saathiya was also popular and was dubbed under the title Gopi (after the main character). It aired from 15 September 2016 to 19 April 2017 and was rebroadcast from 2021 to 2022, with the Indonesian version reaching 600 episodes. Other serials like Yeh Hai Mohabbatein , Ishq Mein Marjawan , Kumkum Bhagya (in Indonesian under the title Lonceng Cinta), Anupamaa , Imlie , Naagin, and Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka also achieved good TRP ratings in Indonesia. Additionally, Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke , Jabb Love Hua , Kumkum Bhagya and Punar vivah were aired in Zee Hiburan, its 24/7 General Entertainment Channel in Indonesia, following the success of their original Hindi channel Zee TV. [55] Dastaan-E-Mohabbat Salim Anarkali was dubbed in their Indonesian language and telecasted on ANTV. [56]

United Kingdom

Rab Se Sohna Isshq from Zee TV a love triangle story aired in London. [57] This was the first ever cross continental show in Indian television.The show was dubbed into English as Eternal Love and broadcast on Zee World & its sister channel Zee TV UK. [58]

Ivory Coast and Senegal

Vaidehi – Ek Aur Agni Pareeksha gained significant popularity in Ivory Coast and Senegal. In 2010, due to high demand, the serial was dubbed into Arabic for broader viewership.

Nepal

In the mid-2000s, Indian dramas such as Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi , Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii and Kasautii Zindagi Kay gained massive popularity in Nepal, attracting large audiences. [59] This surge in popularity led to the production of more Nepali serials, such as Sindur, Maiti, and Ghat Pratighat, which were created to cater to the growing viewership. [60]

Pakistan

Indian dramas have been widely popular in Pakistan, with Indian shows like Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi becoming number 1 against Pakistani Serials. Indians shows were extensively watched due to the mutual intelligibility between Urdu and Hindi. [61] [62] However, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has banned the broadcasting of Indian films and TV shows. [63] Despite this, the BBC reported that many cable television operators in Pakistan continue to violate the ban, airing Indian television serials due to their high demand. Indian TV shows make up nearly 60% of all foreign programs broadcast in Pakistan. [64]

In June 2006, Pakistani comedian Rauf Lala won the Indian comedy show The Great Indian Laughter Challenge , but Pakistanis could not follow the show as it was not allowed to air in Pakistan. [65] An official remarked that "Bollywood and Indian TV drama have invaded our homes". [66]

Indian TV dramas have become so popular in Pakistan that mainstream newspapers, such as the Pakistan Tribune, often feature articles about the shows. [67] Many viewers have resorted to satellite connections to enjoy uninterrupted coverage of Indian programs. [68]

Despite the historical anti-Indian sentiment in Pakistan and the fact that the two countries have fought four wars over a span of about 50 years, Indian TV shows and Bollywood have led to a shift in perception, with many ordinary Pakistanis viewing India and Indians more favorably. Indian tourists visiting Pakistan have noted that people tend to be particularly friendly when they discover that the visitor is from India. [69]

On October 27, 2018, the Supreme Court of Pakistan reinstated the ban on Indian content on local channels. Channels such as Filmazia and Urdu1 subsequently shut down Indian content for a period. [70] [71]

Russia

The Indian serial Dishayen was dubbed in Russian and gained popularity in Russia in 2005.

Sri Lanka

The Hindi serials Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi and Kasautii Zindagii Kay were dubbed in Sinhala and received a great response in Sri Lanka. Another popular show, Kindurangana , which was a remake of the Hindi serial Kasamh Se , also garnered a positive reception from Sri Lankan audiences.'Shanti'serial which was popular during 90's was dubbed in Sinhalese and aired in Sri Lanka . [72]

Turkey

Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon was dubbed in the Turkish language. [73]

Africa

Tu Tevha Tashi the Marathi daily soap dubbed into English as 'Never Too Late for Love' for African viewers & aired on Zee Africa. [74]

Other countries

The series The Iron Handed Phantom – Mayavi was dubbed in Mandarin and Korean, [75] [76] and also aired in Europe and Australia. [77] Additionally, several popular Colors TV dramas, such as Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon , Balika Vadhu , Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat , Chandrakanta , Udaan , Naagin , Shakti , Ishq Mein Marjawan and Bepannah , were dubbed in Thai to cater to viewers in Thailand and other key South Asian markets. [78]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer?". Sakshipost. 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024.
  2. ↑ Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"
  3. ↑ "SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA". The New York Times . 21 August 1985.
  4. ↑ Saas Bahu and the End
  5. ↑ Shekhar, G. C. (6 September 2018). "More Spellbinding Soap Gathas". Outlook. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  6. ↑ Pandey, Geeta. "BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs". BBC Culture.
  7. ↑ "India Marginalized in Myanmar". 20 July 2013.
  8. ↑ Kohli, Vanita (14 June 2006). The Indian Media Business. SAGE Publications. pp. 1–. ISBN   9780761934691 . Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  9. ↑ Gokulsing, K. Moti (2004). Soft-soaping India: The World of Indian Television Soap Operas. Trentham Books. pp. 32–. ISBN   9781858563213 . Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  10. ↑ "Big screen actors Sanjay Dutt and Sunil Shetty will soon appear on small screen to promote Apoorva Lakhia's forthcoming film Shootout At Lokhandwala". Bollywood Hungama. 3 May 2007.
  11. ↑ "इतिहास रचने वाला सीरियल:'क्योंकि सास भी कभी बहू थी' को 20 साल पूरे, एकता बोलीं- गुजरात भूकंप के वक्त लोगों ने टीवी बाहर रख इसे देखा था". Dainik Bhaskar. 3 July 2020.
  12. ↑ "Grihdaah ...A classic based on the one of the best novel of Sharatchand".
  13. ↑ "Saraswatichandra not a love story". Live Mint. 30 March 2013. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020.
  14. ↑ "Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV". indiatoday. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  15. ↑ "Parvati Sehgal interview". times of india. 7 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  16. ↑ "Keep date with Asoka". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 26 February 2018.
  17. ↑ "indya.com - Asoka". Archived from the original on 14 April 2003. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  18. ↑ "Star Dopahar to call it a day, all shows to end on September 30". Indian Express . Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  19. ↑ "Star Dopahar to bring again with four new shows". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  20. ↑ Mathur, Abhimanyu. "India's most expensive TV show has bigger budget than Animal, Dunki, Fighter combined, no star; compared to Baahubali". dnaindia.com. DNA India. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  21. ↑ "Top 5 revenge dramas on Indian TV with dramatic twists; from Mouni Roy's Naagin to Nakuul Mehta's Ishqbaaz". pinkvilla.com. 12 August 2024.
  22. ↑ "Air alert". umbaimirror.indiatimes.com.
  23. ↑ "Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan". The Times of India. 22 August 2014.
  24. ↑ "B R Chopra back with courtroom drama". 15 December 1993. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  25. ↑ "2,000 episodes on, 'Balika Vadhu' still questions societal norms". business-standard.com.
  26. ↑ "Mahakaali to air off soon". The Times of India. 25 July 2018.
  27. ↑ ""Ardhangini suffered from comparison with Devdas" - Ajay Krish". Filmibeat. 12 March 2008.
  28. ↑ ""Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt"". timesofindia.indiatimes. 12 March 2008.
  29. ↑ "Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti Fans Can Spot These Similarities In Biwi No. 1 – Find Out!". ZEE5.com. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  30. ↑ "9 Indian T.V Serials That Were Inspired By Bollywood Films". idiva.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  31. ↑ "Colors' Dil Se Dil Tak to recreate Chori Chori Chupke Chupke movies scene". 21 June 2017.
  32. ↑ "Dil Se Dil Tak promo 2: Jasmin Bhasin will remind you of Preity Zinta from Chori Chori Chupke Chupke". 31 December 2016.
  33. ↑ Pereira, Priyanka (8 June 2009). "Lookalike". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  34. ↑ "Seeta Aur Geeta to be back". Hindustan Times. 30 December 2008.
  35. ↑ "Seeta Aur Geeta hit home - DELI - The Hindu". The Hindu. 29 May 2009.
  36. ↑ "'Seeta Aur Geeta' a TV show". Daily News and Analysis.
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