Therapeutic effect

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Therapeutic effect refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable. [1] [2] [3] This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence. An adverse effect (including nocebo) is the converse and refers to harmful or undesired response(s). What constitutes a therapeutic effect versus a side effect is a matter of both the nature of the situation and the goals of treatment. No inherent difference separates therapeutic and undesired side effects; both responses are behavioral/physiologic changes that occur as a response to the treatment strategy or agent. [2]

Contents

Treatment scope

To maximize therapeutic effects (desired) and minimize side effects (undesired) requires recognition and quantification of the treatment in multiple dimensions. In the specific case of targeted pharmaceutical interventions, a combination of therapies is often needed to achieve the desired results. [4]

Pharmacology examples

Non-pharmacology examples

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement</span> Mind-Body therapy program

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References

  1. ↑ "Definition of therapeutic". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  2. 1 2 Kramer, Thomas A. M. (2003). "Side Effects and Therapeutic Effects". MedGenMed. 5 (1): 28. PMID   12827089 . Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  3. ↑ "Drug, pharmacology and therapeutic". pharmacorama.com. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  4. ↑ Fitzgerald, Jonathan B; Schoeberl, Birgit; Nielsen, Ulrik B; Sorger, Peter K (2006). "Systems biology and combination therapy in the quest for clinical efficacy". Nature Chemical Biology. 2 (9): 458–466. doi:10.1038/nchembio817. ISSN   1552-4450. PMID   16921358. S2CID   12119143.
  5. ↑ Radha, Maharjan H.; Laxmipriya, Nampoothiri P. (2015). "Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review". Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 5 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006. ISSN   2225-4110. PMC   4488101 . PMID   26151005.
  6. ↑ Didari, Tina (2015). "Effectiveness of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: Updated systematic review with meta-analysis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 21 (10): 3072–3084. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.3072 . ISSN   1007-9327. PMC   4356930 . PMID   25780308.
  7. ↑ Iorio, Raffaele; Damato, Valentina; Alboini, Paolo Emilio; Evoli, Amelia (12 October 2014). "Efficacy and safety of rituximab for myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Neurology. 262 (5): 1115–1119. doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7532-3. ISSN   0340-5354. PMID   25308632. S2CID   34358992.
  8. ↑ Sarris, Jerome; Murphy, Jenifer; Mischoulon, David; Papakostas, George I.; Fava, Maurizio; Berk, Michael; Ng, Chee H. (2016). "Adjunctive Nutraceuticals for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses". American Journal of Psychiatry. 173 (6): 575–587. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091228 . ISSN   0002-953X. PMID   27113121.
  9. ↑ Morra, Mostafa Ebraheem; Elgebaly, Ahmed; Elmaraezy, Ahmed; Khalil, Adham M.; Altibi, Ahmed M. A.; Vu, Tran Le-Huy; Mostafa, Mostafa Reda; Huy, Nguyen Tien; Hirayama, Kenji (5 July 2016). "Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin A Therapy in Trigeminal Neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". The Journal of Headache and Pain . 17 (1): 63. doi: 10.1186/s10194-016-0651-8 . ISSN   1129-2369. PMC   4932020 . PMID   27377706.
  10. ↑ Akyurekli, Celine; Le, Yevgeniya; Richardson, Richard B.; Fergusson, Dean; Tay, Jason; Allan, David S. (5 August 2014). "A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies on the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Microvesicles". Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 11 (1): 150–160. doi:10.1007/s12015-014-9545-9. ISSN   1550-8943. PMID   25091427. S2CID   14366453.
  11. ↑ Gu, Jenny; Strauss, Clara; Bond, Rod; Cavanagh, Kate (2015). "How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies". Clinical Psychology Review. 37: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006. ISSN   0272-7358. PMID   25689576. S2CID   4117449.
  12. ↑ Ginani, Fernanda; Soares, Diego Moura; Barreto, Mardem Portela e Vasconcelos; Barboza, Carlos Augusto Galvão (13 March 2015). "Effect of low-level laser therapy on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: a systematic review". Lasers in Medical Science. 30 (8): 2189–2194. doi:10.1007/s10103-015-1730-9. ISSN   0268-8921. PMID   25764448. S2CID   33081269.
  13. ↑ Fuller, Joel T; Hartland, Michael C; Maloney, Luke T; Davison, Kade (16 March 2018). "Therapeutic effects of aerobic and resistance exercises for cancer survivors: a systematic review of meta-analyses of clinical trials". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52 (20): bjsports–2017–098285. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098285. ISSN   0306-3674. PMID   29549149. S2CID   3901907.
  14. ↑ Lu, Zhihua; Lin, Guiting; Reed-Maldonado, Amanda; Wang, Chunxi; Lee, Yung-Chin; Lue, Tom F. (2017). "Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Improves Erectile Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". European Urology. 71 (2): 223–233. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.050. ISSN   0302-2838. PMID   27321373.
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