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Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate. Its membership is mostly composed of Arabs,but also includes people from other ethnic groups. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian,economic and military targets of the US and its allies;such as the 1998 US embassy bombings,the USS Cole bombing and the September 11 attacks. The organization is designated as a terrorist group by NATO,the UN Security Council,the European Union,and various countries around the world.
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden was a Saudi Arabian-born Islamist dissident and militant leader who was the founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda from 1988 until his death in 2011. Ideologically a pan-Islamist,he participated in the Afghan jihad against the Soviet Union and supported the activities of the Bosnian mujahideen during the Yugoslav Wars. Bin Laden is most widely known as the mastermind behind the September 11 attacks in the United States.
There were many video and audio recordings released by Osama bin Laden between 2000 and his death in 2011.
Michael F. Scheuer,is an American former intelligence officer for the Central Intelligence Agency,blogger,author,commentator and former adjunct professor at Georgetown University's Center for Peace and Security Studies. One assignment during his 22-year career was serving as Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station from 1996 to 1999. He also served as Special Advisor to the Chief of Alec Station from September 2001 to November 2004.
Safar bin Abd al-Rahman al-Hawali al-Ghamdi is a scholar who lives in Mecca. He came to prominence in 1991,as a leader of the Sahwah movement which opposed the presence of US troops on the Arabian peninsula. In 1993,al-Hawali and Salman al-Ouda were leaders in creating the Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights,a group that opposed the Saudi government,for which both were imprisoned from 1994 to 1999.
Osama bin Laden authored two fatāwāin the late 1990s. The first was published in August 1996 and the second in February 1998. At the time,bin Laden was not a wanted man in any country except his native Saudi Arabia,and was not yet known as the leader of the international terrorist organization al-Qaeda. Therefore,these fatāwāreceived relatively little attention until after the August 1998 United States embassy bombings,for which bin Laden was indicted. The indictment mentions the first fatwā,and claims that Khalid al-Fawwaz,of bin Laden's Advice and Reformation Committee in London,participated in its communication to the press.
Osama bin Laden,the founder and former leader of al-Qaeda,went into hiding following the start of the War in Afghanistan in order to avoid capture by the United States and/or its allies for his role in the September 11 attacks,and having been on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list since 1999. After evading capture at the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001,his whereabouts became unclear,and various rumours about his health,continued role in al-Qaeda,and location were circulated. Bin Laden also released several video and audio recordings during this time.
Peter Lampert Bergen is an American journalist,author,and producer who is CNN's national security analyst,a vice president at New America,a professor at Arizona State University,and the host of the Audible podcast In the Room with Peter Bergen.
John A. Agnew,FBA is a prominent British-American political geographer. Agnew was educated at the Universities of Exeter and Liverpool in England and Ohio State in the United States.
The 2007 Osama bin Laden video originally appeared in a banner ad on an Islamic militant website regularly used by al-Qaeda on September 6,2007. The ad carried a picture of bin Laden and the logo of al-Qaeda's media production company As-Sahab. An accompanying translated message read:"Soon,with the permission of God,a new visual tape,the Sheikh,the Lion,Osama bin Laden. May God protect him."
The September 11,2007 Osama bin Laden video appeared five days after the September 6,2007,Osama bin Laden video,on the sixth anniversary of the September 11 attacks. It is the second video produced by As-Sahab purportedly featuring a eulogy by Osama bin Laden to the 9/11 hijacker Waleed al-Shehri.
Hamza bin Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden,better known as Hamza bin Laden,was a Saudi Arabian-born member of al-Qaeda. He is a son of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden,and,following his father's death in 2011,he was described as an emerging leader of the al-Qaeda organization.
Osama bin Laden,a militant Islamist and co-founder of al-Qaeda,in conjunction with several other Islamic militant leaders,issued two fatawa –in 1996 and then again in 1998—that military personnel from the United States and allied countries until they withdraw support for Israel and withdraw military forces from Islamic countries. He was indicted in United States federal court for his alleged involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania and Nairobi,Kenya,and was on the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list until his death.
Osama bin Laden took ideological guidance from prominent militant Islamist scholars and ideologues from the classical to contemporary eras,such as Ibn Taymiyya,Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah,Sayyid Qutb,Nizamuddin Shamzai and Abdullah Azzam. During his middle and high school years,bin Laden was educated in Al-Thager Model School,a public school in Jeddah run by Islamist exiles of the Muslim Brotherhood;during which he was immensely influenced by pan-Islamist ideals and displayed strict religious commitment. As a teenager,bin Laden attended and led Muslim Brotherhood-run "Awakening" camps held on desert outskirts that intended to raise the youth in religious values,instil martial spirit and sought spiritual seclusion from "the corruptions" of modernity and rapidly urbanising society of the 1970s in Saudi Arabia.
Omar bin Osama bin Mohammed bin 'Awad bin Laden,better known as Omar bin Laden,is a Saudi artist,author,cultural ambassador,and businessman,and fourth-eldest son of Osama bin Laden,with his first cousin and first wife Najwa Ghanhem. He lives in Normandy,France.
Osama bin Laden has been depicted or parodied in a variety of media. Notable examples include:
The September 11 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers of the Islamist militant organization al-Qaeda. In the 1990s,al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden declared a holy war against the United States of America,and issued two fatāwā in 1996 and 1998. In the 1996 fatwā,he quoted the Sword Verse. In both of these fatāwā,bin Laden sharply criticized the financial contributions of the American government to the Saudi royal family as well as American military intervention in the Arab world.
On May 2,2011,United States President Barack Obama confirmed that al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden had been killed in his compound in Abbottabad,northeastern Pakistan. Bin Laden's death was welcomed by many as a positive and significant turning point in the fight against al-Qaeda and related groups. Those who welcomed it included the United Nations,European Union,NATO,and some nations in Asia,Africa,Oceania,South America,and the Middle East,including Yemen,Lebanon,Saudi Arabia,India,Israel,Indonesia,Somalia,the Philippines,Turkey,Iraq,Australia,Argentina,and the rebel Libyan Republic.
Osama bin Laden's compound,known locally as the Waziristan Haveli,was a large,upper-class house within a walled compound used as a safe house for Saudi militant Islamist Osama bin Laden,who was shot and killed there by U.S. forces on 2 May 2011. The compound was located at the end of a dirt road 1,300 metres southwest of the Pakistan Military Academy in Bilal Town,Abbottabad,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan,a suburb housing many retired military officers. Bin Laden was reported to have evaded capture by living in a section of the house for at least five years,having no Internet or phone connection,and hiding away from the public,who were unaware of his presence.
Manhunt:The Search for Bin Laden is a 2013 documentary film directed by Greg Barker that explores the Central Intelligence Agency's investigation of Osama bin Laden,starting from 1995 until his death in 2011. It premiered on HBO on May 1,2013,two years after the mission that killed bin Laden. The documentary features narratives by many of the CIA analysts and operatives who worked over a decade to understand and track bin Laden,and includes archival film footage from across Washington,D.C.,Pakistan,Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Middle East. It also features extensive and rarely seen footage of Al-Qaeda training and propaganda videos,including video suicide notes from various terrorists who later worked as suicide bombers.
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- ↑ Keating, Joshua. "Tuesday Map: Osama bin Laden's current location". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- 1 2 Coleman, Korva. "UCLA Geographers Tried To Calculate Bin Laden's Whereabouts In 2009". NPR. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
- 1 2 3 Reardon, Sara (2011-05-02). "Geographers Had Predicted Osama's Possible Whereabouts". Science Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
- ↑ Barth, Chris (May 3, 2011). "How A 2008 Geography Class Used Satellites To Find Osama Bin Laden...Sort Of". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- ↑ Wheeler, Richard (2011-05-06). "Did Two Profs Find Osama From Space? Nope, Sorry". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028 . Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- ↑ Davila, Monica (2011-03-04). "Professor Thomas Gillespie's forest documentary thrives". Daily Bruin. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
- ↑ Ray, Kalyan (2016-05-13). "Ashokan edicts: scientists discover 121 possible new sites". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
- ↑ Merz, Emily (2017-05-23). "Emily Merz: Task force should expand student access to Sage Hill". Daily Bruin. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
