Thomas William Holmes

Last updated • 5 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Thomas William Holmes

VC
Thomas William Holmes.jpg
Born14 October 1898
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Died4 January 1950
Toronto, Ontario
Buried
Greenwood Cemetery, Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada
AllegianceCanadian Red Ensign (1868-1921).svg  Canada
Service / branch Canadian Expeditionary Force
Years of service1915–1919
Rank Sergeant
Unit 147th (Grey) Battalion, CEF
4th Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles
Battles / wars First World War
Awards UK Victoria Cross ribbon bar.svg Victoria Cross
Other work Harbour pilot

Thomas William Holmes VC (14 October 1898 4 January 1950) was a soldier in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, and was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, during the First World War. Holmes is the youngest Canadian to ever win the Victoria Cross.

Contents

Early life

Although Holmes was born in Montreal, Quebec, his family was from Owen Sound, Ontario. His father's work had taken them to Montreal; however, they returned to Owen Sound when Tommy was about six years old. During his last year of school, he worked for the butcher J.R. Boyd, and just before enlisting Holmes was working on the farm of Templeton Day at nearby Annan, Ontario.

World War I

On 20 December 1915, No. 838301 Tommy Holmes enlisted as a private soldier in the 147th (Grey) Battalion, CEF, at Owen Sound in Grey County. The 147th Battalion was raised by the Grey Regiment, which also later raised the 248th Battalion, CEF. As was common practice at the time, Tommy lied about his age – he was actually 17 years old when he joined up. He was sworn in by the 147th Grey Battalion's commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel G.H. McFarland.

Prior to embarking for England, the battalion trained at Camps Niagara and Borden (today CFB Borden) in Ontario, and at Amherst, Nova Scotia. The battalion was at Camp Borden from 4 July 1916 until 5 October 1916, when it departed for Halifax. Embarkation was delayed, leading to the 147th encamping at Amherst. Finally, on 20 November 1916, Tommy Holmes arrived with the 147th (Grey) Battalion at Liverpool, England. The 147th had sailed in RMS Titanic's sister ship RMS Olympic. Like the other 35 CEF battalions that trained at the newly opened Camp Borden in that hot summer of 1916, the 147th (Grey) Battalion was broken up for reinforcements to units already in the field. Consequently, Tommy Holmes was transferred to the 8th Reserve (Holding) Battalion on 1 February 1917, and then to the 4th Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles (4 CMR) on 16 February 1917.

In April 1917 during the Battle of Vimy Ridge, he received a through-and-through bullet wound from a machinegun in his arm and was temporarily invalided to England. While in hospital, he met up with his older brother Roy, who had enlisted earlier in the 58th Battalion, CEF, and who had also been wounded, losing an eye.

Holmes was 19 years old, when as a private serving with the 4 CMR, Canadian Expeditionary Force, on 26 October 1917 near Passchendaele, Belgium, he performed a deed for which King George V awarded Tommy the Victoria Cross: "when the right flank of the Canadian attack was held up by heavy machine-gun fire from a pill-box strong point and heavy casualties were producing a critical situation, Private Holmes, on his own initiative and single-handed, ran forward and threw two bombs, killing and wounding the crews of two machine-guns. He then fetched another bomb and threw this into the entrance of the pill-box, causing the 19 occupants to surrender." [1]

It was during the investiture at Buckingham Palace that Holmes admitted to King George V that he had lied about his age and joined the army at age 17.

Sergeant Tommy Holmes, VC, returned to Owen Sound after the war to great fanfare and receiving a hero's welcome. On 16 September 1919, he was chosen to be part of the colour party for the laying-up of the 147th (Grey) Battalion, CEF colours in the Carnegie Library, Owen Sound.

Citation

The following is the citation for Holmes' Victoria Cross.

“For most conspicuous bravery and resource when the right flank of our attack was held up by heavy machine-gun and rifle fire from a ‘pill-box’ strong point. Heavy casualties were producing a critical situation when Pte. Holmes, on his own initiative and single-handed, ran forward and threw two bombs, killing and wounding the crews of two machine guns. He then returned to his comrades, secured another bomb, and again rushed forward alone under heavy fire and threw the bomb into the entrance of the ‘pill-box,’ causing the nineteen occupants to surrender. By this act of valour at a very critical moment Pte. Holmes undoubtedly cleared the way for the advance of our troops and saved the lives of many of his comrades.”

(London Gazette, no.30471, 11 January 1918) [1]

Later life

After the war Holmes was a pilot for the Harbour Commission for fifteen years. In 1936 he and another officer saved the lives of three persons whose auxiliary cabin boat upset in the harbour. In 1935 his home was robbed and the Victoria Cross was stolen. In 1942 Holmes narrowly escaped death when his launch exploded.

Holmes died of cancer on 4 January 1950 and was buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Owen Sound, Ontario, on 7 January 1950 with full military honours. His memorial service was attended by Victoria Cross winners Henry Howey Robson, Colin Fraser Barron and Walter Leigh Rayfield. Annually on Remembrance Day, a firing party from The Grey and Simcoe Foresters, which perpetuates the 147th (Grey) Battalion, CEF, fires a volley over his grave. Of significance is that two other VC winners are also buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Air Marshal Billy Bishop and Major David Vivian Currie.

A replica of Thomas Holmes VC medal is now on display at the Owen Sound Royal Canadian Legion Branch #6.

In 1986, the Owen Sound Armoury, being the Grey County home of The Grey and Simcoe Foresters, was renamed the "Tommy Holmes, VC, Memorial Armoury."

Thomas Holmes plaque.jpg

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sam Hughes</span> Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I

Sir Samuel Hughes, was the Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I. He was notable for being the last Liberal-Conservative cabinet minister, until he was dismissed from his cabinet post.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CFB Borden</span> Military base in Ontario, Canada

Canadian Forces Base Borden, formerly RCAF Station Camp Borden, is a large Canadian Forces base located in Ontario. The historic birthplace of the Royal Canadian Air Force, CFB Borden is home to the largest training wing in the Canadian Armed Forces. The base is run by Canadian Forces Support Training Group (CFSTG) and reports to the Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) in Kingston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christopher O'Kelly</span>

Christopher Patrick John O'Kelly was a Canadian First World War officer and prospector. O'Kelly was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Dinesen</span> Danish recipient of the Victoria Cross (1892 –1979)

Thomas Fasti Dinesen was a Danish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was the younger brother of the author Karen Blixen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Okill Massey Learmonth</span>

Okill Massey Learmonth, VC, MC, was a Canadian soldier. Learmonth was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to Commonwealth forces. Learmonth served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I, and was awarded his medal posthumously for actions at the Battle of Hill 70.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Fisher (soldier)</span> Canadian Victoria Cross recipient (1894-1915)

Frederick Fisher, was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Mullin (VC)</span>

George Harry Mullin was an American-Canadian soldier in the Canadian army. Mullin was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Hobson</span>

Frederick Hobson VC was a soldier in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest military award for gallantry in the face of the enemy given to British and Commonwealth forces, during the First World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fred Greaves</span> English Victoria Cross recipient (1890–1973)

Fred Greaves VC was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey and Simcoe Foresters</span> Military unit

The Grey and Simcoe Foresters is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces. Within the Canadian Army, it is part of the 4th Canadian Division's 31 Canadian Brigade Group. Due to the restructuring of the British Army, The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment was amalgamated into The Mercian Regiment, as its 2nd Battalion, leaving The Grey and Simcoe Foresters as the only remaining unit in the Commonwealth of Nations known to be distinctly designated as a regiment of Foresters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Algonquin Regiment (Northern Pioneers)</span> Military unit

The Algonquin Regiment (Northern Pioneers) is a primary reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army comprising two companies. A Company is in North Bay, Ontario, and B Company is in Timmins, Ontario. The regiment falls under the command of the 4th Canadian Division's 33 Canadian Brigade Group.

The 177th Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force raised during the First World War by the 35th Simcoe Foresters. Based in Barrie, Ontario and later at Camp Borden, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in Simcoe County, Ontario. The battalion arrived at Camp Borden on 3 July 1916 where it trained until sailing to England in May 1917. The battalion was absorbed into the 3rd Reserve Battalion on May 14, 1917. The 177th Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. J. B. McPhee, and is perpetuated by The Grey and Simcoe Foresters.

The 147th (Grey) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War, raised by the 31st Grey Regiment.

The 157th Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.

The 248th Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Owen Sound, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in the late summer of 1916 in Grey County. After sailing to England in June 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 7th and 8th Reserve Battalions later that month. The 248th Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. Joseph Hilliard Rorke.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Guards), CEF</span> Military unit

The 87th Battalion, CEF was a Household Foot Guards infantry unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Reynolds (soldier)</span> English Victoria Cross recipient (1883–1948)

Henry Reynolds was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5th Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles, CEF</span> Military unit

The 5th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles were a mounted infantry unit of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) during World War I. The unit was raised from volunteers of the 7th and XIth (Canadian) Hussars from the Eastern Townships of Quebec.

The Grey Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia. In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with the Simcoe Foresters to form the Grey and Simcoe Foresters.

The Simcoe Foresters was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia. In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with The Grey Regiment to form The Grey and Simcoe Foresters.

References

  1. 1 2 "No. 30471". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 January 1918. p. 724.

Further reading