Related Research Articles
Anthony the Great was a Christian monk from Egypt,revered since his death as a saint. He is distinguished from other saints named Anthony,such as Anthony of Padua,by various epithets:Anthony of Egypt,Anthony the Abbot,Anthony of the Desert,Anthony the Anchorite,Anthony the Hermit,and Anthony of Thebes. For his importance among the Desert Fathers and to all later Christian monasticism,he is also known as the Father of All Monks. His feast day is celebrated on 17 January among the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches and on Tobi 22 in the Coptic calendar.
Pachomius,also known as Saint Pachomius the Great,is generally recognized as the founder of Christian cenobitic monasticism. Coptic churches celebrate his feast day on 9 May,and Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches mark his feast on 15 May or 28 May. In Lutheranism,he is remembered as a renewer of the church,along with his contemporary,Anthony of Egypt on 17 January.
Macarius of Egypt was a Christian monk and grazer hermit. He is also known as Macarius the Elder or Macarius the Great.
The Desert Fathers were early Christian hermits and ascetics,who lived primarily in the Scetes desert of the Roman province of Egypt,beginning around the third century AD. The Apophthegmata Patrum is a collection of the wisdom of some of the early desert monks and nuns,in print as Sayings of the Desert Fathers. The first Desert Father was Paul of Thebes,and the most well known was Anthony the Great,who moved to the desert in AD 270–271 and became known as both the father and founder of desert monasticism. By the time Anthony had died in AD 356,thousands of monks and nuns had been drawn to living in the desert following Anthony's example,leading his biographer,Athanasius of Alexandria,to write that "the desert had become a city." The Desert Fathers had a major influence on the development of Christianity.
Monastic settlements are areas built up in and around the development of monasteries with the spread of Christianity. To understand Christian monastic settlements,we must understand a brief history of Christian monasticism. Monasticism was a movement especially associated with Early Christianity that began in the late 3rd century to the 4th century in Egypt when early Christians realizing that martyrdom wasn’t much of an option when the Roman empire relaxed Christian persecutions. It was begun by key monks who were known then as “The Desert Fathers”and later,there were female monasteries run by women who later came to be known as “The Desert Mothers”. The most famous Desert Father was Abba Anthony and the most famous Desert Mother was Amma Syncletica.ost of the Christians took to the deserts and arid areas to deny themselves of the social environments and people in order to focus on God and prayer. They denied themselves of a comfortable life often resorting to eating what grew in the deserts as well as living frugally and in poverty. With time,monasticism came to impact the church and even the papacy and there came about two variants of monasticism:The Eastern Monastic movement and the Western Monastic movement. Inspired by the Eastern monastic movements,new monastic movements sprung up in western Europe after the Roman empire fell apart and newer kingdoms like the Franks,Britannia and Germanic tribes sprung up. The papacy was at its infancy and places like the Isles of Britannia had monks that established monasteries along its coastlines. One of the forerunners was St. Augustine whose Rule became encoded in the future doctrine of the Roman clergy of the church.
A skete is a monastic community in Eastern Christianity that allows relative isolation for monks,but also allows for communal services and the safety of shared resources and protection. It is one of four types of early monastic orders,along with the eremitic,lavritic and coenobitic,that became popular during the early formation of the Christian Church.
John the Dwarf,also called John Colobus,John Kolobos or Abba John the Dwarf,was a Coptic Desert Father of the early Christian church.
Wadi El Natrun is a depression in northern Egypt that is located 23 m (75 ft) below sea level and 38 m (125 ft) below the Nile River level. The valley contains several alkaline lakes,natron-rich salt deposits,salt marshes and freshwater marshes.
The Monastery of Saint Macarius The Great also known as Dayr Aba Maqār is a Coptic Orthodox monastery located in Wadi El Natrun,Beheira Governorate,about 92 km (57 mi) north-west of Cairo,and off the highway between Cairo and Alexandria.
Saint Paphnutius the Ascetic,also known as Paphnutius the Hermit,was an Egyptian anchorite of the fourth century. He is most famous for his accounts of the lives of many hermits of the Egyptian desert,such as Saint Onuphrius.
The Monastery of Saint Anthony is a Coptic Orthodox monastery standing in an oasis in the Eastern Desert of Egypt,in the northern part of the Red Sea Governorate close to the border with the Suez Governorate.
The Lausiac History is a seminal work archiving the Desert Fathers written in 419–420 AD by Palladius of Galatia,at the request of Lausus,chamberlain at the court of the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II.
Coptic monasticism was a movement in the Coptic Orthodox Church to create a holy,separate class of person from layman Christians.
The Sayings of the Desert Fathers is the name given to various textual collections consisting of stories and sayings attributed to the Desert Fathers from approximately the 5th century AD.
Syncletica of Alexandria was a Christian saint,ascetic,anchorite,and Desert Mother from Roman Egypt in the 4th century AD. She is the subject of The Life of Syncletica,a Greek hagiography purportedly by Athanasius of Alexandria but not published until 450;and the Alphabetical and Systematic Apophthegmata,which included 28 of her sayings and teachings. She died at the age of 80,after a three-year-long illness from mouth cancer.
Desert Mothers is a neologism,coined in feminist theology as an analogy to Desert Fathers,for the ammas or female Christian ascetics living in the desert of Egypt,Palestine,and Syria in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. They typically lived in the monastic communities that began forming during that time,though sometimes they lived as hermits. Monastic communities acted collectively with limited outside relations with lay people. Some ascetics chose to venture into isolated locations to restrict relations with others,deepen spiritual connection,and other ascetic purposes. Other women from that era who influenced the early ascetic or monastic tradition while living outside the desert are also described as Desert Mothers.
Bishoy of Scetis,known in the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria as the Star of the Desert and the Beloved of our Good Savior,was a Coptic Desert Father. He is said to have seen Jesus,and been bodily preserved to the present day via incorruptibility at the Monastery of Saint Bishoy in the Nitrian Desert,Egypt. He is venerated by the Oriental Orthodox Churches and the Eastern Orthodox Church,and is known in the latter under the Greek version of his name,Paisios.
Saint George of Choziba,also called George the Chozibite or Chozebite,was a Greek Cypriot monk and leader of the monastery of Choziba in the vicinity of Jerusalem. Today,the monastery is named after George.
Longinus was the hegumenos of the Enaton,a monastic community outside Alexandria in Roman Egypt. He is the subject of a Sahidic Coptic hagiography,the Life of Saints Longinus and Lucius the Ascetics,and a Sahidic homily,In Honour of Longinus,by Bishop Basil of Oxyrhynchus.
The Historia monachorum in Aegypto,also called the Lives of the Desert Fathers,is a combination travelogue and hagiography from the late 4th century AD. It recounts the travels of a band of seven Palestinian monks on a pilgrimage through Egypt between September 394 and January 395. They travelled from south to north,stopping in monasteries and meeting hermits and holy men. The Historia is in essence a collection of stories about these men and their miracles.
References
- ↑ "Tim Vivian". VIAF. 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
- ↑ "Rev. Dr. Tim Vivian". St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Where Grace Happens). Retrieved 2018-04-10.
- ↑ "Faculty Awards List Past Recipients List" (PDF).
- ↑ "Dr. Tim Vivian -Honorary Degree Award". School of Arts & Humanities. California State University, Bakersfield. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
- ↑ "AH Professors Honored with Emeritus Awards". Archived from the original on 2018-05-11.
- ↑ "The Rev. Dr. Tim Vivian '88 Awarded Honorary Degree". 16 October 2018.
- ↑ "CSUB Professor Tim Vivian Awarded Nelson R. Burr Prize". California State University, Bakersfield. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
- ↑ "Online catalog of the publisher".
