| Tisamenus fratercula | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tisamenus fratercula 'Ilocos', pair | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Phasmatodea |
| Family: | Heteropterygidae |
| Subfamily: | Obriminae |
| Tribe: | Obrimini |
| Genus: | Tisamenus |
| Species: | T. fratercula |
| Binomial name | |
| Tisamenus fratercula (Rehn, J.A.G. & Rehn, J.W.H., 1939) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Tisamenus fratercula is a stick insect species native to the Philippine island Luzon.
James Abram Garfield Rehn and his son John William Holman Rehn described the species in 1939 as Hoploclonia fratercula. A male collected by W. Boetcher in Butucan in today's Batangas Province was deposited as holotype in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. Females were not known until 2014. Rehn and Rehn placed the species in the Deplanata group they established within the genus. According to their description, this unites with Hoploclonia fratercula, Hoploclonia deplanata (today Tisamenus deplanatus), Hoploclonia cervicornis (today Tisamenus cervicornis ), Hoploclonia armadillo (today Tisamenus armadillo ), Hoploclonia spadix (today Tisamenus spadix ) and Hoploclonia tagalog (today Tisamenus tagalog), relatively unspimed species, with a flat upper surface, which except for the supra coxal spines on the edges of the thorax show no spines, but at most teeth. [2] In 2004, the Filipino species were transferred to the genus Tisamenus and left only those occurring on Borneo in the genus Hoploclonia , the species is referred to as Tisamenus fratercula. [1] [3]
After specimens from the Ilocos region became known in 2014 that resembled the already breeding Tisamenus deplanatus from the Pocdol Mountains, it was briefly discussed whether both species are conspecific. Hennemann identified these specimens as Tisamenus fratercula, following the description by Rehn and Rehn. A 2021 study based on genetic analysis, which included representatives of both stocks or species, confirmed separate species status. [4]
Males of Tisamenus fratercula are chocolate brown and reach a length of 35 to 45 millimetres (1.4 to 1.8 in). In contrast to Tisamenus deplanatus , the triangular area on the mesonotum typical for the genus is significantly longer and forms an isosceles triangle. The lateral mesonotum margins are not curved upwards as in other representatives of the genus, but rather flat. At the front base of the triangle on the mesonotum, the corners are drawn out into small spines. In contrast to the very similar Tisamenus tagalog , there is a clearly recognizable longitudinal edge on the triangle. Another difference to this species are the posteriores formed as paired spines on the second to fourth tergite of the abdomen in Tisamenus fratercula. On the fifth, these are only formed as tubercles. In the case of Tisamenus tagalog, all posterior parts of the abdomen are only formed as tubercles. The body structures of the wider females are similar to those of the males. They are lighter and more contrasty in color than the males and grow up to 55 millimetres (2.2 in) long. [5] [2]
A stock to be found in the lovers' terrariums goes back to specimens that Thierry Heitzmann collected in 2014 in the Ilocos region. They were initially named after their place of discovery Tisamenus sp. 'Ilocos' and received PSG number 391 from the Phasmid Study Group. Hennemann identified this as Tisamenus fratercula, which was suggested by Sarah Bank et al. has been confirmed. Until these animals were found, the females of the species were not known. The species is very easy to keep and multiply. Leaves of bramble as well as other Rosaceae are eaten. [5] [4] [6]
The Heteropterygidae is a family of stick insects belonging to the suborder Euphasmatodea. Species can be found in Australasia, East and Southeast Asia. More than 130 valid species are descriebed.
Pylaemenes is a genus of stick insects in the family Heteropterygidae and subfamily Dataminae. It combines small to medium-sized, often brightly colored Phasmatodea species. Their representatives are found in large parts of Southeast Asia.
The Obriminae are the most species-rich subfamily of the Phasmatodea family Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia. It is divided into two tribe.
Hoploclonia is the only genus of the tribe Hoplocloniini and brings together relatively small and darkly colored Phasmatodea species.
The Obrimini are the most species-rich tribe of the Phasmatodea family of the Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia.
Mearnsiana is a monotypic genus of stick insects, containing Mearnsiana bullosa as the so far only described representative.
The genus Tisamenus native to the Philippines combines small to medium-sized species of stick insects.
Aretaon is a genus of stick insects native to Borneo and the Philippine island Palawan.
Trachyaretaon is a genus of stick insects native to the Philippines.
Brasidas is a genus that is native to the Philippines and is named after the Spartan general Brasidas
Eubulides is a stick insect genus native to the Philippines.
Orestes guangxiensis is a representative of the genus Orestes.
Orestes japonicus, a stick insect, is a representative of the genus Orestes.
Orestes shirakii is a species of stick insects native to Taiwan.
Dares murudensis is a relatively small species of stick insects. Like most other members of the genus Dares, the species is native to Borneo.
Dares philippinensis is a species of stick insects. This species is not native to Borneo like most other members of the genus Dares, but to the Philippine island Palawan.
Dares ulula is a species of stick insects. Like most other members of the genus Dares, the species is native to Borneo, more precisely in the northwest of the island. The males are extremely prickly even for the representatives of the genus Orestes. Females are colored with a relatively high contrast.
Trachyaretaon carmelae is a species of stick insects. Even if there was no formal synonymisation, Trachyaretaon brueckneri is generally used as its synonym.
Tisamenus serratorius is a stick insect species that occurs on the Philippine island Luzon.
Tisamenus deplanatus is a stick insect species native to the Philippine islands Luzon and Mindanao occurs.
Data related to Tisamenus fratercula at Wikispecies
Media related to Tisamenus fratercula at Wikimedia Commons