Biography
In the time of Pope Gregory XIII, he acted as papal secretary of state (in office 1572 to 1585), having a key role in the curia. [1]
He built the Villa d'Este, in his birthplace Cernobbio, in 1568, as a summer residence; and the Palazzo Gallio of Gravedona.
He was bishop of Martirano in 1560, archbishop of Manfredonia in 1562, bishop of Albano in 1587, bishop of Sabina in 1589, bishop of Frascati in 1591, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1600, bishop of Ostia in 1603.
Tolomeo in 1595 acquired the County of Alvito (later Duchy) in southern Lazio, which he assigned to his nephew Tolomeo; the Gallio family held the fief until 1806.
Pope Clement VII was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534. Deemed "the most unfortunate of the popes", Clement VII's reign was marked by a rapid succession of political, military, and religious struggles—many long in the making—which had far-reaching consequences for Christianity and world politics.
Pope Celestine IV, born Goffredo da Castiglione, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for only a few days from 25 October 1241 to his death.
Pope Paul V, born Camillo Borghese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 16 May 1605 to his death. In 1611, he honored Galileo Galilei as a member of the Papal Accademia dei Lincei and supported his discoveries. In 1616, Pope Paul V instructed Cardinal Bellarmine to inform Galileo that the Copernican theory could not be taught as fact, but Bellarmine's certificate allowed Galileo to continue his studies in search for evidence and use the geocentric model as a theoretical device. That same year Paul V assured Galileo that he was safe from persecution so long as he, the Pope, should live. Bellarmine's certificate was used by Galileo for his defense at the trial of 1633.
Victor IV was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III. His election was supported by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. He took the name Victor IV, not accounting for Antipope Victor IV of 1138, whose holding of the papal office was deemed illegitimate.
Lorenzo Campeggio was an Italian cardinal and politician. He was the last cardinal protector of England.
The bishop of Ostia is the head of the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia, one of the seven suburbicarian sees of Rome. Since 1150, the bishop has been the dean of the College of Cardinals, with the actual governance of the diocese entrusted to the vicar general of Rome.
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri–Segni is one of the suburbicarian dioceses, Catholic dioceses in Italy close to Rome with a special status and a cardinal bishop, the bishop of Velletri–Segni. Historically, the see of Velletri was combined with the see of Ostia from 1060 to 1914.
The 1534 papal conclave was convened after the death of Pope Clement VII, and elected as his successor cardinal Alessandro Farnese, who became Pope Paul III.
The 1592 papal conclave elected Pope Clement VIII in succession to Pope Innocent IX.
The September 1590 papal conclave elected Giovanni Battista Castagna as Pope Urban VII.
Gaspare Visconti was the Archbishop of Milan from 1584 to 1595.
The October to December 1590 papal conclave was the second conclave of 1590, and the one during which Gregory XIV was elected as the successor of Urban VII. This conclave was marked by unprecedented royal interference from Philip II of Spain.
The March–April 1605 papal conclave was convened on the death of Pope Clement VIII and ended with the election of Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici as Pope Leo XI. It was the first of two papal conclaves in 1605; Leo died on 27 April 1605, twenty-six days after he was elected. The conclave was dominated by conflict over whether Cesare Baronius should be elected pope, and Philip III of Spain excluded both Baronius and the eventually successful candidate, Medici.
The 1565–66 papal conclave was convened on the death of Pope Pius IV and ended in the election of Pope Pius V.
Luigi Pisani was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
Zaccaria Delfino (1527–1584) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. He served as bishop in modern-day Croatia, served as the papal nuncio to the Hapsburg Monarchy and participated in the Council of Trent before becoming a Cardinal in 1565. He was a member of the papal conclave that elected Pope Pius V and was named vice-protector of Germany.
Scipione Lancelotti (1527–1598) was an Italian who became a cardinal within the Roman Catholic Church.
Marsilio Landriani (1528–1609) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Vigevano (1593–1609).
Cesare Speciano or Cesare Speciani (1539–1607) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Apostolic Nuncio to Emperor (1592–1597), Bishop of Cremona (1591–1607), Apostolic Nuncio to Spain (1585–1588), and Bishop of Novara (1584–1591).
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