 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(February 2016) |
 | |
 Tiraspol Railway station - the largest in Transnistria | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Tiraspol |
| Locale |  Transnistria |
| Dates of operation | 2004– |
| Predecessor | Moldovan Railways |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) |
| Other | |
| Website | pjdpmr.com |
Transnistrian Railway ( ‹See Tfd› Russian: Приднестровская железная дорога, romanized: Pridnestrovskaya zheleznaya doroga) is the railway operator of Transnistria.
The first railway line on the territory of Transnistria was built in 1867, from Kuchurgan station to Tiraspol, and in 1871 to Chișinău.
In early November 1877, the Bendera-Galati line, with a length of 305 km (190 mi), was opened for military traffic.
In August 1894, the section from Rybnitsa to Balti with a bridge across the Dniester and a 165-meter tunnel on the Lipceni-Mateuti stretch was put into operation.
In June 1917, the Bender locomotive depot had 253 locomotives and was the largest on the South-Western railway.
Since the first days of the Great Patriotic war, the railroad provided access to the front line and the entire combat area. Using the railway, industrial facilities were evacuated and troops and ammunition were brought to the front line. Track gauge on the main lines was changed three times: in July 1940 to 1,524 mm (5 ft 0 in), in August 1941 to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8.5 in), between May and the end of 1944 back to 1,524 mm (5 ft 0 in). During the war, over 20% of the network, 30 stations, 50% of the buildings, major bridges on the Dniester and Prut rivers, 90% of the machinery, 30% of the communication lines and more were destroyed and 100 km (62 mi) of tracks were dismantled and removed. [1]
From 1939 to 1997, the narrow-gauge Kamenka - Popelyukhi railway operated. In 1999, it was dismantled.
In the 1946–50 period, 3 billion rubles from the Union budget were spent on the restoration and modernization of the Moldavian railway. More than 600 structures were built, more than 1 million m³ of earthworks were performed, 1.7 million m³ of construction materials were used, over 650 thousand sleepers were laid, the operational length reached 1,020 km (630 mi) and in 1948 the Union-level train speed was reached.
From 1953 to 1979 the Moldavian railway was merged with the Odesa Railways and was called the Odesa-Kishinev railroad.
In 1991, electrification of the Razdelnaya (Ukraine)-Kuchurgan (Ukraine)-Tiraspol-Bender section began, but was interrupted due to the war in Transnistria. Currently, only the Ukrainian part of the contact network (up to Kuchurgan) is working. However, in Tiraspol there are unwired supports.
In August 2004, due to the aggravation of relations between Moldova and the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, the unitary enterprise "Transnistrian Railway" (centered around Tiraspol, Bender and Rîbnița stations) was created, separating the network from the Moldovan Railways. [1]
In 1995, the main means of transportation in Moldova were railways and a highway system. The major railway junctions are Chișinău, Bender, Ungheni, Ocnița, Bălți, and Basarabeasca. Primary external rail links connect the republic's network with Odesa on the Black Sea and with the Romanian cities of Iași and Galați; they also lead northward into Ukraine. Highways link Moldova's main cities and provide the chief means of transportation within the country, but roads are in poor repair. The country's major airport is in Chișinău.
Tiraspol is the capital and largest city of Transnistria, a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the third-largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of culture, economy, tourism, and light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production.
Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and locally as Pridnestrovie, is a breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. It controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldova–Ukraine border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester or as Stînga Nistrului.
Bender or Bendery, also known as Tighina, is a city within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova under de facto control of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) (PMR) since 1992. It is located on the western bank of the river Dniester in the Romanian historical region of Bessarabia.
Transnistria is a region in Eastern Europe that is under the effective control of the self-declared Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic but is recognized by the international community as an administrative unit of Moldova, the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester.
The Transnistria War was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari between pro-Transnistria forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-Cossack units, which were supported by elements of the Russian 14th Army, and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police.
The Transnistria conflict is an ongoing frozen conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized state of Transnistria. Its most active phase was the Transnistria War. There have been several attempts to resolve the conflict, although none have been successful. The conflict may be considered as having started on 2 September 1990, when Transnistria made a formal sovereignty declaration from Moldova.
This is the history of Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan–Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank.
Rail transport in Ukraine is a major transport mode in Ukraine. Most railway infrastructure in Ukraine is owned by the government of Ukraine through Ukrzaliznytsia, a joint-stock company which has a de facto country-wide monopoly on passenger and freight transport by rail.
The Russian Federation maintains an unknown number of soldiers in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. This Russian military presence dates back to 1992, when the 14th Guards Army intervened in the Transnistria War in support of the Transnistrian separatist forces. Following the end of the war, which ended in a Russian-backed Transnistrian victory and in the de facto independence of the region, the Russian forces stayed in a purportedly peacekeeping mission and reorganized in 1995 into the Operational Group of Russian Forces (OGRF), currently guarding the Cobasna ammunition depot. Some other Russian soldiers also participate in the Joint Control Commission between Moldova, Russia and Transnistria since 1992.
The mass media of Transnistria, the breakaway territory within the borders of Moldova, features both state-owned or supported outlets and opposition media. Publications are in Russian, with a single newspaper in each of the other two official languages, Moldovan (Romanian), and Ukrainian.
The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (PMSSR), also commonly known as Soviet Transnistria or simply as Transnistria, was created on the eastern periphery of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) in 1990 by pro-Soviet separatists who hoped to remain within the Soviet Union when it became clear that the MSSR would achieve independence from the USSR and possibly unite with Romania. The PMSSR was never recognised as a Soviet republic by the authorities in either Moscow or Chișinău. In 1991, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic succeeded the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Official statistics of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, or Transnistria, show that 91 percent of the Transnistrian population adhere to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with 4 percent adhering to the Catholic Church. Roman Catholics are mainly located in Northern Transnistria, a region with a notable Polish minority.
This timeline of events is a chronological list of incidents and other notable occurrences related to the War of Transnistria, including events leading up to the war.
Calea Ferată din Moldova is the sole railway operator in the Republic of Moldova, responsible for passenger and cargo transportation, as well as railway infrastructure maintenance within the country. The total length of the network managed by CFM is 1,232 kilometres (766 mi), of which 1,218 kilometres (757 mi) are 1,520 mm, and 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) are 1,435 mm. The entire network is single track and is not electrified. It borders the Romanian railway network, with a 1,520 mm /1,435 mm break-of-gauge in the west, and the Ukrainian one in the east.
The 14th Guards Combined Arms Army was a field army of the Red Army, the Soviet Ground Forces, and the Russian Ground Forces, active from 1956 to 1995. By the 1990s, according to sources within the 14th Army, the majority of its troops came from what would become the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, with 51% of officers and 79% of draftees coming from this region.
Tiraspol railway station is a railway station in the city of Tiraspol, capital of the de facto state of Transnistria, recognised internationally as part of Moldova. It has both passenger and freight facilities, including a capacity for border control by the Transnistrian authorities.
Currently, there are three defined types of public roads in the Republic of Moldova:
The M4 highway is a road in Transnistria, Moldova. It runs from the south to the north, being 178 km (111 mi) long, and links the Transnistrian capital of Tiraspol with Rîbnița via Dubăsari, reaching the border with Ukraine at Hristovaia, where it merges with the Ukrainian local road T0225. Running along the left bank of the Dniester for most of its length, it is the only road with magistral road status that does not start nor pass through the Moldovan capital of Chișinău.
The M5 highway, during Soviet period referred to as the M14, is the longest road in Moldova, with a length of 370 km (230 mi) running from the north to the south-east. Having national road status, it is also one of the most important routes as it provides access to the three largest cities of Moldova within its internationally recognized borders: Bălți, Chișinău and Tiraspol. It forms part of the European routes E58, E581 and E583 of the International E-road network.