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Polydesmida is the largest order of millipedes, containing approximately 3,500 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
Urochordeuma is a genus of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida and the only genus in the family Urochordeumatidae. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments. The two species are known from the U.S. state of Washington, where U. bumpusi is known from Pierce County, and U. porona from King County.
Haplogona is a genus of chordeumatidan millipedes and the only genus in the family Verhoeffiidae. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments. These species occur in the southern Alps of Europe, from Genoa, Italy to the Istrian peninsula.
Caseyidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments. There are about 7 genera and at least 40 described species in Caseyidae.
Conotylidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments. There are about 19 genera and at least 60 described species in Conotylidae.
Trichopetalidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 28 or 30 segments. There are about 5 genera and at least 30 described species in Trichopetalidae.
Metopidiotrichidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. These millipedes range from 4 mm to 17 mm in length. Adult millipedes in this family have 32 segments, not the 30 segments usually found in this order. Adult males in this family often feature a reduced or vestigial leg pair 10 as part of the gonopod complex, in addition to the two leg pairs typically modified into gonopods in this order. There are about 9 genera and at least 70 described species in Metopidiotrichidae.
Chordeumatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. These millipedes range from 7 mm to 18 mm in length and are found in Europe. Adult millipedes in this family have either 28 or 30 segments. This family features distinctive sex-linked modifications to the legs in adults: In the adult female, a legless sternite replaces the third pair of legs, and in the adult male, five pairs of legs are modified in the gonopod complex. These modifications are more extensive than those found in other adult males in this order, which often have only two leg pairs modified into gonopods. With the more extensive modifications to the legs in this family, species with the usual 30 segments feature adult females with only 49 leg pairs and adult males with only 45 pairs of walking legs, and species with only 28 segments feature adult females with only 45 leg pairs and adult males with only 41 pairs of walking legs.
Speophilosomatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. These millipedes are found in Japan and range from 4 mm to 6 mm in length. Adult millipedes in this family are notable for being among the few in this order with only 26 segments instead of the 30 usually found in chordeumatidans. The adult males in this family are also notable for involving three leg pairs in the gonopod complex rather than the two pairs typically modified into gonopods in this order.
Apterouridae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments.
Peterjohnsiidae is a small family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. These millipedes range from 3 mm to 8 mm in length and are found in Australia. Species in this family exhibit sexual dimorphism in segment number: adult males have 30 segments, but adult females have 32 segments. In adult males in this family, the gonopod complex involves three leg pairs rather than just the two usually modified into gonopods in this order.
Megalotylidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 28 or 30 segments.
Heterochordeumatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 or 32 segments.
Kirkayakidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. This family was formerly known as Altajellidae. Adult millipedes in this family have 28 segments rather than the 30 segments usually found in chordeumatidans.
Golovatchiidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. This family contains a single species, Golovatchia magda. This species ranges from 15 mm to 17 mm in length and is found in the Russian Far East. Adult millipedes of this species have 30 segments. In the adult male of this species, the gonopod complex involves three leg pairs rather than just the two that are usually modified into gonopods this order.
Hoffmaneumatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. This family includes two genera, one (Hoffmaneuma) found in the Russian Far East and the other (Japanoparvus) found in Japan. Millipedes in this family range from 4 mm to 6 mm in length. Adult millipedes in this family have only 28 segments, not the 30 segments usually found in this order. Adult males in this family feature a reduced leg pair 10 in addition to the two pairs normally modified into gonopods in this order. In the adult male of the species Hoffmaneuma exiguum, for example, the gonopod complex derives from all three leg pairs rather than from just the usual two.
Niponiosomatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 28 or 30 segments.
Trachygonidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 28 or 30 segments.
Heterolatzeliidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments.
Opisthocheiridae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. These millipedes range from 5 mm to 16 mm in length and are found from Belgium to Morocco. Adult millipedes in this family have 26 or 30 segments. This family includes the cave-dwelling species Opisthocheiron canayerensis, notable as one of few chordeumatidan species with only 26 segments. The adult female of this species has only 42 pairs of legs, and the adult male has only 40 leg pairs, as one would expect for adult chordeumatidans with four fewer segments than typically found in this order.
References
- ↑ Hoffman, RL (1999). "Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America". Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publications. 8: 411.
- ↑ Enghoff, Henrik; Golovatch, Sergei; Short, Megan; Stoev, Pavel; Wesener, Thomas (2015). "Diplopoda — Taxanomic Overview". In Minelli, Alessandro (ed.). The Myriapoda. Vol. 2. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 396. ISBN 978 90 04 15612 8.
- ↑ Mesibov, Robert. "External Anatomy of Polydesmida: Body plans". myriapodology.org. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ↑ Loomis, H. F.; Hoffman, Richard L. (1962). "A remarkable new family of spined polydesmoid Diplopoda, including a species lacking gonopods in the male sex". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 75: 145–158. ISSN 0006-324X – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ↑ Enghoff, Henrik; Golovatch, Sergei; Short, Megan; Stoev, Pavel; Wesener, Thomas (2015-01-01). "Diplopoda — taxonomic overview". Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2: 363–453. doi:10.1163/9789004188273_017.
- ↑ "Tridontomidae Loomis & Hoffman, 1962". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved September 15, 2011.
