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The globus pallidus (GP), also known as paleostriatum or dorsal pallidum, is a subcortical structure of the brain. It consists of two adjacent segments, one external, known in rodents simply as the globus pallidus, and one internal, known in rodents as the entopeduncular nucleus. It is part of the telencephalon, but retains close functional ties with the subthalamus in the diencephalon – both of which are part of the extrapyramidal motor system. The globus pallidus is a major component of the basal ganglia, with principal inputs from the striatum, and principal direct outputs to the thalamus and the substantia nigra. The latter is made up of similar neuronal elements, has similar afferents from the striatum, similar projections to the thalamus, and has a similar synaptology. Neither receives direct cortical afferents, and both receive substantial additional inputs from the intralaminar thalamus.
The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus.
The pale spotted catshark, Asymbolus pallidus, is a cat shark of the family Scyliorhinidae found only off Queensland, at depths of between 225 and 400 m. Its length is up to 44 cm.
The external globus pallidus combines with the internal globus pallidus (GPi) to form the globus pallidus, an anatomical subset of the basal ganglia. Globus pallidus means "pale globe" in Latin, indicating its appearance. The external globus pallidus is the segment of the globus pallidus that is relatively further (lateral) from the midline of the brain.
The internal globus pallidus and the external globus pallidus (GPe) make up the globus pallidus. The GPi is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. The GABAergic neurons of the GPi send their axons to the ventral anterior nucleus (VA) and the ventral lateral nucleus (VL) in the dorsal thalamus, to the centromedian complex, and to the pedunculopontine complex.
Onciderini is a tribe of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, they are prevalent across Europe in nations such as Turkey, and Finland.
Tulcus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Tulcus fulvofasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Colombia and Panama.
Tulcus hebes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Peru.
Tulcus litura is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Bolivia.
Tulcus pullus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Bolivia and Peru.
Tulcus soma is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Peru.
Tulcus thysbe is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1945. It is known from Costa Rica, Ecuador and Panama.
Tulcus obliquefasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1952. It is known from Brazil.
Tulcus amazonicus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1860. It is known from Ecuador and Brazil.
Tulcus subfasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1860. It is known to be found in French Guiana.
Tulcus signaticorne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1868. It is known from Brazil.
Tulcus paganus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1859. It is known from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru.
Tulcus piger is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 1990. It is known from Bolivia.
Pseudozonitis is a genus of blister beetles in the family Meloidae. There are about 17 described species in Pseudozonitis.
References
- ↑ BioLib.cz - Tulcus pallidus. Retrieved on 8 September 2014.