Tyler Oakley

Last updated
Tyler Oakley
Tyler Oakley by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg
Oakley at VidCon 2014
Personal information
Born
Mathew Tyler Oakley

(1989-03-22) March 22, 1989 (age 34)
Education Michigan State University (BA)
YouTube information
Channel
Years active2007–present
Subscribers6.82 million [1]
Total views682 million [1]
Network Studio71
YouTube Silver Play Button 2.svg100,000 subscribers2011
YouTube Gold Play Button 2.svg1,000,000 subscribers2013

Last updated: May 1, 2023

Mathew Tyler Oakley (born March 22, 1989) is an American YouTuber, actor, activist, author, television personality and Twitch streamer. Much of Oakley's activism has been dedicated to LGBT youth, LGBT rights, as well as social issues including health care, education, and the prevention of suicide among LGBT youth. [2] [3] Oakley regularly posts material on various topics, including pop culture and humor. [4] [5] [6]

Contents

Since uploading his first video in 2007 [7] while a freshman at Michigan State University, his YouTube channel [8] has garnered over 683 million views, and, at its peak, had over 8 million subscribers. [9] He was featured in the 2014 Frontline investigative report "Generation Like", a follow-up on how teenagers are "directly interacting with pop culture" to the 2001 report, "The Merchants of Cool". [10] [11] SocialBlade, a website that rates YouTube and Instagram accounts, ranks his YouTube channel, As of February 1,2021, with a grade "B", subscriber rank of 1,434th, video view rank at 7,022nd, and a SocialBlade rating of 345,254th. [8] As of February 1,2021 he also had more than 5.6 million followers on Twitter and 5.6 million on Instagram. [12] [13]

From March to October 2013, Oakley co-hosted a weekly pop-culture news update – "Top That!" – with Becca Frucht for PopSugar. [14] From 2013 to 2014, he performed the voice of Mr. McNeely in five episodes of the comedy web series The Most Popular Girls in School . [15] He has hundreds of thousands of followers on Facebook and Tumblr. [16] [11] [17] [18] In 2015, he released his first collection of humorous personal essays under the title Binge, via publishers Simon & Schuster. [19]

Oakley was the host of The Tyler Oakley Show, which aired weekly on Ellen DeGeneres' ellentube platform. [20] [21] In 2017, he was named in Forbes "30 Under 30". [22]

Early life

Mathew Tyler Oakley [23] was born on March 22, 1989, in Jackson, Michigan. He has twelve siblings. When he was an infant, his parents divorced. [24] When he was in the sixth grade, Oakley moved to Okemos, and became involved in choir and drama. As a teenager, he had bulimia nervosa. [25] Oakley came out as gay in high school. [26]

Oakley graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in communication, marketing and social media from Michigan State University. While in college, he fell into a short depression after a breakup with a long-term boyfriend. Oakley admits he considered suicide at this time. [25] His college years were also when he first became involved with YouTube, using the video sharing website to communicate with his high school friends, who were attending different schools. [27]

Career

Social media

Oakley appearing in a Vlogbrothers video in 2016 Tyler Oakley Vlogbrothers 2016 03.png
Oakley appearing in a Vlogbrothers video in 2016

Oakley is an active user of many social media platforms. [2] A self-proclaimed "professional fangirl", he is a fan of Darren Criss from Glee , [5] along with Julie Chen of CBS's daytime talk show The Talk . He also sang Christmas carols on stage with English-Irish boy band One Direction and television presenter Jerry Springer. [28]

Oakley is known for receiving attention from major celebrities and organizations, such as Liam Payne from One Direction, Chris Colfer from the television series Glee and the restaurant chain store Taco Bell, namely on the social network Twitter after commenting on a previous tweet of theirs or tweeting about them. Due to Oakley's success with social media and prominence among many social media platforms (particularly YouTube), he was given the opportunity to meet U.S. President Barack Obama at the White House. [29] He did a video with First Lady Michelle Obama talking about education issues. [30]

Oakley attributes his success only in part to his accessibility as a young gay man. "It's not all about me being gay. It's kind of like an underlying theme for me [with gay life] sprinkled throughout the videos." [2] He sees Ellen DeGeneres as a role model: "She embodies what I want my experience to be and my influence to be, where it's a positive one, it's a happy one, it's not something about the bad parts of life or the downsides of a lot of things. She's using her influence for good, and everyone knows who she is, what she stands for, and that she is a lesbian." [2]

The Advocate in their 2014 "40 under 40: Emerging voices" says that, due to Oakley's presence on YouTube, he is the first openly gay person that many people have met. [2] Oakley is considered one of the world's leading Celebrity influencers, having an Influencer Score of 99 from the influencer marketing software Klear.

In December 2020, Oakley announced he was taking an indefinite hiatus from making Youtube videos. [31] He is currently actively streaming on Twitch, and sporadically uploads on YouTube.

Acting

Oakley appeared on the YouTube Premium show Escape the Night , appearing as "The Thespian" for 10 episodes in Season 2.

Live appearances

In 2014, Oakley premiered a live show tour, "Tyler Oakley's Slumber Party", featuring him in pyjamas and doing skits, and interactive segments with the audience. His two initial shows in Chicago and in Royal Oak, Michigan in early October both sold out in 72 hours. In December 2014, seven dates, all on the East Coast, made up the next leg of the tour, which was expected to eventually go to 40 cities. Variety noted that the trend of "digital-native stars hitting the road for 'in-real-life' shows" had been increasing. Oakley had been a part of DigiTour's 2014 US Summer tour of YouTube and Vine personalities. [32]

Podcast

Oakley has a podcast called Psychobabble with his best friend, Korey Kuhl. It launched in 2014 and as of 2022 has had over 400 episodes.

Television

On screen, Oakley has done appearances on broadcasting platforms, with some airing on national TV. He was seen on Insider Tonight , featuring co-hosts Kevin Frazier and Thea Andrews. He has interviewed live from the 2014 Kids Choice Awards red carpet, along with many other events that have him meeting and speaking to celebrities. [33]

Oakley, alongside best friend Korey Kuhl, competed in the 28th season of The Amazing Race , which aired in 2016. [34] They finished in 3rd place. [35] The two also participated in the 31st season of the show, which began airing on April 17, 2019. [36] They finished in 2nd place.

In 2018, Oakley also appeared on the tenth episode of the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race , where he was paired with Monét X Change for a makeover challenge. [37] [38] [39]

Volunteering and charity

Oakley supports The Trevor Project, an organization for the prevention of suicide among LGBT youth. [2] He interned with them in 2009, and since 2011 has co-hosted TrevorLIVE, the charity's annual red carpet event. In 2013 he raised $29,000 for his birthday in support of the Trevor Project having aimed to raise $24,000 (because it was his 24th birthday). In 2014, he raised $525,704 in a similar event, and in 2015 he raised $532,224. [40]

Bibliography

Awards and nominations

YearNominatedAwardResult
2012HimselfThe Queerties: YouTube IdolWon
Tyler Oakley Chats with Straight British TwinsThe Queerties: LOL Of The YearWon
2014Himself YouTube Star Nominated
Video Blogger Nominated
Blogger Nominated
Activism Nominated
Petty Category Nominated
First Person Nominated
Trevor Youth Innovator Award Won
OUT100 Readers' ChoiceWon
Young Hollywood Awards: Viral SuperstarNominated
Teen Choice Award for Choice Web Star: Male Won
"The Boyfriend Tag" with Troye Sivan Teen Choice Award for Choice Web Collaboration Won
Himself 2014 Streamy Entertainer of the Year [41] Won
2014 Streamy Activist Icon of the Year Won
First Person [42] Nominated
The Queerties: Twitter Account You Should Be FollowingNominated
2015Psychobabble with Tyler Oakley & Korey Kuhl10th Annual Podcast Awards: Best LGBTQ+ PodcastWon
Himself First Person [43] Nominated
Podcast [44] Nominated
TIME Magazine's The 30 Most Influential People on the Internet [45] Won
GLAAD Davidson/Valentini Award [46] Won
The Hollywood Reporter's Top 25 Digital Stars [47] Won
Entertainer of the Year [48] Nominated
MTV Fandom Awards: Social Superstar of the YearNominated
Teen Choice Award for Choice Web Star: Male Nominated
Teen Choice Award for Choice YouTuber Nominated
Streamy Awards: First Person SeriesNominated
Streamy Awards: Social Good CampaignNominated
2016 Web Personality Nominated
Best Web Personality/Host Won
YouTuber of the Year [49] Nominated
OUT Magazine's Power 50Won
Teen Choice Award 2016 for Choice Web Star: MaleNominated
The Hollywood Reporter's Top 25 Digital Stars [50] Won
Variety Famechangers [51] Won
2017 People's Choice Awards for Favorite YouTube StarNominated
Out Web Fest: Vanguard AwardWon
2018Streamy Awards: 2018 Streamy Legacy AwardWon
HRC Awards: 2018 Visibility AwardWon
Out Power 50 Awards: Power of Originality 2018 AwardWon
2018 Teen Choice Awards: Choice Male Web StarNominated
2021Psychobabble with Tyler Oakley & Korey KuhlThe Queerties - Best PodcastNominated
2022Psychobabble with Tyler Oakley & Korey KuhlThe Queerties - Best PodcastNominated

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Streamy Awards</span> Excellence in online video production

The YouTube Streamy Awards, also known as the Streamy Awards or Streamys, are an awards show presented annually by Dick Clark Productions and Tubefilter to recognize excellence in online video, including directing, acting, producing, and writing. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented takes place in Los Angeles, California. They were the first ever awards show dedicated entirely to web series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grace Helbig</span> American YouTuber and actress (born 1985)

Grace Anne Helbig is an American comedian, actress, and internet personality. She is the co-creator and co-host of the podcast This Might Get Weird (2018–present) alongside frequent collaborator Mamrie Hart and is the voice of Cindy Bear in the Max animated series Jellystone! (2021–present).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">React Media, LLC</span> American media company founded by Benny and Rafi Fine

React Media, LLC is an American reacting media and entertainment company founded by brothers Benny Fine and Rafi Fine, creators and media entrepreneurs. React Media produces the React video series, their several timed-spoiler series, narrative web series, and created a "transmedia" sitcom on YouTube, MyMusic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meg Turney</span> American adult model, internet personality, and cosplayer

Megan LeeAnn Turney is an American Twitch streamer, internet personality, cosplayer, glamour model, and vlogger. She became an internet personality through her hosting work, formerly with SourceFed and Rooster Teeth's The Know. She also maintains a personal YouTube channel where she posts vlogs and Let's Play videos and live streams. In addition to her work with online media, Turney also cosplays at various conventions, such as Comic-Con.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portal A Interactive</span> Digital content company

Portal A is a digital content company that creates branded and original entertainment. Portal A was founded by three childhood friends, Nate Houghteling, Kai Hasson, and Zach Blume. Portal A is independently owned with offices in SoMa and Downtown Los Angeles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Markiplier</span> American YouTuber (born 1989)

Mark Edward Fischbach, known online as Markiplier, is an American YouTuber, actor and filmmaker. He mainly uploads Let's Plays and is known for his videos of indie horror games. After joining YouTube in 2012, Fischbach became popular on the platform with Let's Plays of Amnesia: The Dark Descent (2010) and the Five Nights at Freddy's series. As of June 2023, his channel has over 35 million subscribers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">YouTube (channel)</span> Official channel of YouTube

YouTube is the official YouTube channel for the American video-sharing platform YouTube, spotlighting videos and events on the platform. Events shown on the channel include YouTube Comedy Week and the YouTube Music Awards. Additionally, the channel uploaded annual installments of YouTube Rewind between 2010 and 2019. For a brief period in late 2013, the channel was ranked as the most-subscribed on the platform. As of November 2023, the channel has earned 39 million subscribers and 3.2 billion video views.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jenn McAllister</span> American YouTuber and actress (born 1996)

Jennifer Ann McAllister, also known by her former pseudonym and YouTube username jennxpenn, is an American internet personality, actress and comedian. She is known for her work on YouTube, for which she has been nominated for a Shorty Award and four Teen Choice Awards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joey Graceffa</span> American YouTuber (born 1991)

Joseph Michael Graceffa Jr. is an American YouTuber, vlogger, actor, author, and producer. He runs four active YouTube channels, all named after him. His main channel is dedicated to vlogging, while the second features video gaming content. The third is for daily vlogs, and the fourth is a react channel. His channels have a combined total of more than 2.9 billion views. He was a contestant on the 22nd and 24th seasons of The Amazing Race, and has appeared in a handful of short films as well as creating and hosting Escape the Night, a partially-scripted web series, distributed by YouTube via its paid-subscription service YouTube Premium. He appears in all four of the seasons with several other YouTubers, including Liza Koshy, Shane Dawson, Colleen Ballinger, and Rosanna Pansino.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chester See</span> American YouTube personality, singer and actor (born 1983)

Chester See is an American YouTuber, singer and actor. He is best known for his YouTube videos, which have garnered over 207 million views, as of September 2017. He appeared as Stacee Jaxx in Rock of Ages on Broadway from October 2014 through January 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flula Borg</span> German actor, comedian, and musician (born 1982)

Flula Borg is a German actor, comedian, and musician, often known simply as Flula, known for his comedic personality. Borg's acting career includes roles in feature films, including Pitch Perfect 2 and The Suicide Squad, as well as in a number of television shows, including Curb Your Enthusiasm,The Good Place, Pitch Perfect: Bumper in Berlin, and The Rookie. He has made multiple appearances on Conan and has participated in a number of other collaborations with Conan O'Brien.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ingrid Nilsen</span> American make-up artist and YouTuber

Ingrid Nilsen is an American YouTube personality from Rowland Heights, California.

<i>React</i> (media franchise) Entertainment media franchise

React is a media franchise created and owned by React Media, LLC, consisting of several online series centering on a group of individuals reacting to viral videos, trends, video games, film trailers, or music videos.

<i>Escape the Night</i> American murder-mystery reality web series

Escape the Night is an American reality television series created, hosted, produced, and owned by Joey Graceffa. The series follows fantasy plots based on horror and murder mystery aesthetics. The series premiered on June 22, 2016, through YouTube Red. The series concluded its fourth season on September 4, 2019, making the longest-running series on YouTube Premium until 2020. After the cancellation of the series, the creator announced an upcoming film and set up a fundraiser.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liza Koshy</span> American actress

Elizabeth Shaila "Liza" Koshy is an American media personality and actress. Her main YouTube channel has amassed more than 17 million subscribers, and her two channels have a combined total of over 3 billion views. She has received four Streamy Awards, four Teen Choice Awards, and a Kids' Choice Award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4th Streamy Awards</span> 2014 awards ceremony recognizing online video

The 4th Annual Streamy Awards was the fourth installment of the Streamy Awards honoring streaming television series. The awards were held on September 7, 2014 at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. They were hosted by the YouTube stars Grace Helbig and Hannah Hart. To reflect the industry as it had evolved since 2009, 10 new award categories were added, including multiple awards honoring the short-form video hosting website Vine, a new category to honor traditional TV media engaging in online content, and categories reflecting recent YouTube trends. The event also honored the American comedian Joan Rivers whose funeral had been earlier in the day and who many of the attendees had previously met on her web chat series In Bed With Joan, including Jenna Marbles, Tyler Oakley, and Grace Helbig, which was praised as a heartfelt moment of the show. The show was received well in media publications and generated a high level of social media interest, although it did receive criticism for the influence of sponsors at the event.

Lauren Kobayashi Riihimaki is a Canadian YouTuber known for her video content on the LaurDIY YouTube channel as well as her vlog and podcast content on the LaurDIY Vlogs and WILD 'TIL 9 channels, respectively. As of January 2022, LaurDIY has over 8.5 million subscribers, and LaurDIY Vlogs and WILD 'TIL 9 have a combined 535,000 subscribers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5th Streamy Awards</span> 2015 awards ceremony recognizing online video

The 5th Annual Streamy Awards was the 5th installment of the Streamy Awards honoring streaming television series. The awards were held on September 17, 2015, at the Hollywood Palladium in Hollywood, California. They were hosted by the YouTube stars Grace Helbig and Tyler Oakley. Broadcast live on VH1 and simultaneously livestreamed online, the 5th Streamy Awards were the first to be televised. Several new award categories were added for the 5th Streamys, including new Social Video awards for content on Instagram, Snapchat, and Vine, new subject categories such as Lifestyle and Documentary or Investigative, and Breakout Creator and Breakthrough Artist which were created to celebrate up-and-coming creators. The show had a positive reception in media publications and on social media.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Larray</span> American social media personality/ YouTuber (born 1998)

Larri Merritt, professionally known as Larray, is an American YouTuber and social media influencer. He produces comedic video content on his YouTube channel, and was part of the collaborative TikTok collective known as The Hype House. After initially gaining prominence on Vine, he started uploading videos onto YouTube after the former became defunct.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brandon Rogers (YouTuber)</span> American sketch comedian, actor, and writer

Brandon George Rogers is an American YouTuber, actor, and comedian. He plays many characters in his eponymous YouTube channel and co-wrote the adult animated web series Helluva Boss, in which he primarily voices the main character Blitzo, as well as voicing reporter Katie Killjoy in Hazbin Hotel.

References

  1. 1 2 "About TylerOakley". YouTube.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Grindley, Lucas (July 30, 2014). "Tyler Oakley Could Be The First Gay Person You Ever Met". The Advocate . Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  3. Friend, Tad. "Hollywood and Vine: The entertainment industry seeks the future in viral video. "". The New Yorker . Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  4. Espina, Alfonso (December 31, 2012). "Young YouTube Partners: Finding Success as Entrepreneurs and Internet Stars". The Huffington Post .
  5. 1 2 Romano, Aja (February 2, 2013). "Tyler Oakley Is A Bigger Fangirl Than You". The Huffington Post.
  6. "Tyler Oakley tells TCU audience how YouTube brought hate but also inspired him to fight it". Dallas Voice. March 5, 2012. Archived from the original on August 31, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  7. "An Interview with Tyler Oakley". coreylambert.com. February 20, 2013. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  8. 1 2 Urgo, Jason. "YouTube Statistics for Tyleroakley". Socialblade.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  9. "How Studios Are Cashing in on YouTube Stars". The Hollywood Reporter . 18 March 2016.
  10. "Frontline: Generation Like". Kpbs.org. February 17, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  11. 1 2 "Meet Tyler Oakley, YouTube's Self-Proclaimed "Peter Pan"". Pbs.org. February 18, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  12. "tyler oakley's Twitter Stats Summary Profile (Social Blade Twitter Statistics)". socialblade.com. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
  13. "tyler oakley's Instagram Stats Summary Profile (Social Blade Instagram Statistics)". socialblade.com. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
  14. "Grumpy Cat, Kim Kardashian in Flats, and More — Your Pop Culture Cheat Sheet!". PopSugar. March 29, 2013.
  15. "MPGIS: Episode 31 feat. Tyler Oakley". YouTube. November 5, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  16. "Tyler Oakley: About". YouTube . Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  17. "Fame game different in Internet age". DelawareOnline.com. February 17, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  18. "Tyler on Twitter". Twitter.com. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  19. "Tyler Oakley Book Website" . Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  20. "YouTube Star Tyler Oakley Launches Talk Show On Ellen DeGeneres' Digital Network". tubefilter. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  21. Petski, Denise (21 September 2016). "'The Tyler Oakley Show' Launches On Ellen DeGeneres' Digital Network". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  22. Howard, Caroline. "Meet The 2017 Class Of 30 Under 30". Forbes.
  23. Oakley, Tyler (20 October 2015). Binge. Simon + Schuster UK. p. 3. ISBN   978-1-4711-4513-1.
  24. Oakley, Tyler (June 21, 2013). "Draw My Life". YouTube. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  25. 1 2 Oakley, Tyler (2015). Binge .
  26. "Tyler Oakley on Coming Out to His Conservative Father: 'I'm Really Glad I Was Patient with Him'". Peoplemag. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  27. Draw My Life | Tyler Oakley , retrieved 2021-08-31
  28. "What Harry Styles Smells Like: One Direction Q&A". YouTube. November 25, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  29. Cohen, Joshua (March 2, 2014). "Obama Meets With YouTube Advisors On How To Reach Online Audiences". Tubefilter. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  30. "First Lady Michelle Obama talks education with Tyler Oakley". Belfast Telegraph. September 15, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  31. "Tyler Oakley Announces He's Taking an Indefinite Break from YouTube After 13 Years: 'See Ya Later'". People. December 16, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  32. Spangler, Todd (November 4, 2014). "YouTube Star Tyler Oakley Adds 7 Cities to U.S. Tour". Variety. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
  33. Schawbel, Dan. "Tyler Oakley: From YouTube Star To Author And LGBTQ Activist". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
  34. Salisbury, Danielle (November 14, 2015). "Jackson natives, YouTube stars Tyler Oakley, Korey Kuhl to appear on 'The Amazing Race'". MLive. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  35. "Which Team Won Season 28 Of The Amazing Race". CBS. March 16, 2016.
  36. Ross, Dalton (April 5, 2019). "Meet the Amazing Race season 31 reality all-star teams". Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  37. Sava, Oliver (25 May 2018). "Drag Race recruits social media influencers for a middling makeover challenge". The A.V. Club .
  38. Blanton, Kayla (29 May 2018). "These Social Media Stars Got 'RuPaul's Drag Race' Makeovers & They Are SO GOOD". Bustle .
  39. "'RuPaul's Drag Race': Monet X Change Talks the Key to Lip Syncing, Working With Tyler Oakley & More". Billboard .
  40. "Tyler Oakley Launches Prizeo Campaign To Raise $500,000 For The Trevor Project". Tubefilter. 2015-02-11. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
  41. Bloom, David (September 7, 2014). "Streamy Awards Name LGBT Activist Tyler Oakley Entertainer of the Year". Deadline. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
  42. "4th Annual Winners & Nominees". The Streamy Awards. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  43. "Tyler Oakley". The Webby Awards. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  44. "Tyler Oakley". The Shorty Awards. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  45. "These Are The 30 Most Influential People on the Internet". TIME . March 5, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  46. Hamedy, Saba (October 29, 2015). "GLAAD is honoring Tyler Oakley at San Francisco gala". mashable.com. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  47. Jarvey, Natalie; Svetkey, Benjamin (July 10, 2015). "Tyler Oakley - THR's Top 25 Digital Stars". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  48. "5th Annual Winners & Nominees". The Streamy Awards. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  49. "Tyler Oakley". The Shorty Awards. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  50. "Tyler Oakley - Silicon Beach 25: L.A.'s Most Powerful Digital Players". Hollywood Reporter. July 13, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  51. Spangler, Todd (June 21, 2016). "Famechangers 2016: Ranking the Top Digital Stars". Variety. Retrieved September 25, 2016.