The Caucasus, or Caucasia, is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and mainly occupied by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus mountain range, which has historically been considered a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
Geographically, Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman. Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries. The mountains enclose several broad basins, on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located. Until the 20th century, when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers, these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another.
Typha is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. These plants have a variety of common names, in British English as bulrush or reedmace, in American English as reed, cattail, or punks, in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as cattail, and in New Zealand as raupo. Other taxa of plants may be known as bulrush, including some sedges in Scirpus and related genera.
The Aras or Araxes or Araks is a river that starts in Turkey and then flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan area of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and finally through Azerbaijan to the Kura River. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains and then joins the Kura, which drains the north side of Lesser Caucasus Mountains. Its total length is 1,072 kilometres (666 mi), and its watershed covers an area of 102,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi). The Aras River is one of the largest rivers in the Caucasus.
Typha latifolia is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Typha. It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa. In Canada, broadleaf cattail occurs in all provinces and also in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, and in the United States, it is native to all states except Hawaii. It is an introduced and invasive species, and is considered a noxious weed, in Australia and Hawaii. It has been reported in Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines.
Typha angustifolia L. is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus Typha. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish locations.
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia, south of the fertile plains of Southern Russia in Eastern Europe, and north of the mountainous Iranian Plateau of Western Asia. It covers 371,000 km2 (143,000 sq mi) and a volume of 78,200 km3 (19,000 cu mi). It has a salinity of approximately 1.2%, about a third that of average seawater. It is bounded by Kazakhstan from mid-north to mid-east, Russia from mid-north to mid-west, Azerbaijan to the southwest, Iran to the south and adjacent corners, and Turkmenistan along southern parts of its eastern coast.
The bulrush wainscot is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Ireland and Portugal to southern Fennoscandia, east to western Siberia, the Altai Mountains, Yakutia, Turkey, the Caucasus, Lebanon, Egypt, Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
Typha shuttleworthii is a species of cattail found in southern Europe as well as in Iran and Turkey.
Typha alekseevii is a plant species native to the Caucasus Region. It grows in freshwater marshes.
Typha caspica is a plant species native to Republic of Azerbaijan between Russia and Iran. The species grows in freshwater marshes.
Typha changbaiensis is a plant species native to the Changbai Mountains in the Jilin province of northeastern China. It grows in freshwater marshes.
Typha grossheimii is a plant species native to Iran, Iraq, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and the Republic of Georgia.
Typha kalatensis is a plant species endemic to Iran. The species grows in freshwater marshes. Type collection was made near the City of Kalat in Khorassan Province.
Typha lugdunensis is a plant species found in an odd disjunct distribution in Europe and Asia. It has been reported from Germany, Switzerland, France, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and China. The species grows in freshwater marshes.
Typha przewalskii is a plant species native to the Manchuria Region of northeastern China and also to the Primorye region in the Russian Far East. The plant grows in freshwater marshes and along the banks of lakes and streams.
Typha valentinii is a plant species native to Republic of Azerbaijan between Russia and Iran. The species grows in freshwater marshes.
Typha sistanica is a plant species native to Iran. The species grows in freshwater marshes.
The Eastern Anatolian montane steppe is a temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion. It is located in high plateau of Eastern Anatolia, covering parts of eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, southern Georgia, and northwestern Iran.
On 27 November 2020, Iranian diplomat Assadollah Assadi and three other Iranian citizens were tried in Belgium, charged with plotting to bomb a 2018 rally of National Council of Resistance of Iran in France. The trial established that Assadi had smuggled explosives from Iran and was acting on instructions of high-ranking Iranian officials. The charges included "attempted terrorist murder and participation in the activities of a terrorist group." This is the first trial where a EU country charges an Iranian official for terrorism.
