Commelinids

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Commelinids
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–recent
Dactylis glomerata bluete2.jpeg
Cock's-foot grass ( Dactylis glomerata )
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Orders
Diversity [ citation needed ]
About 1,420 genera

In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids [1] [2] ) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. [3] [4] Well-known commelinids include palms and relatives (order Arecales), dayflowers, spiderworts, kangaroo paws, and water hyacinth (order Commelinales), grasses, bromeliads, rushes, and sedges (order Poales), ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, bananas, plantains, and bird of paradise flower (order Zingiberales).[ citation needed ]

Contents

The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Description

Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid. [3] [4]

Taxonomy and Phylogeny

The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots, [5] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. It consists of four orders:


Phylogenetic tree showing position of the commelinids within the monocots [6]
monocots  131
Alismatid monocots

As of APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales. [6]

Historical Taxonomy

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots). [7] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.[ citation needed ]

Takhtajan system

The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:[ citation needed ]


   subclass Commelinidae
      superorder Bromelianae
           order Bromeliales
           order Velloziales
      superorder Pontederianae
           order Philydrales
           order Pontederiales
           order Haemodorales
      superorder Zingiberanae
           order Musales
           order Lowiales
           order Zingiberales
           order Cannales
      superorder Commelinanae
           order Commelinales
           order Mayacales
           order Xyridales
           order Rapateales
           order Eriocaulales
      superorder Hydatellanae
           order Hydatellales
      superorder Juncanae
           order Juncales
           order Cyperales
      superorder Poanae
           order Flagellariales
           order Restionales
           order Centrolepidales
           order Poales

Cronquist system

The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:[ citation needed ]


   subclass Commelinidae
      order Commelinales
      order Eriocaulales
      order Restionales
      order Juncales
      order Cyperales
      order Hydatellales
      order Typhales

APG system

The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids). [8] [9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ APG (1998). "An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . 85 (4): 531–553. Bibcode:1998AnMBG..85..531.. doi:10.2307/2992015. JSTOR   2992015.
  2. ↑ APG II (2003). "An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
  3. 1 2 Harris & Hartley 1976.
  4. 1 2 Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Rassmussen, F. (1983). "Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylogenetic estimation". Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 16. pp. 255–395. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6971-8_7. ISBN   978-1-4615-6973-2.
  5. ↑ Cantino, Philip D.; James A. Doyle; Sean W. Graham; Walter S. Judd; Richard G. Olmstead; Douglas E. Soltis; Pamela S. Soltis; Michael J. Donoghue (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon. 56 (3): E1 –E44. doi:10.2307/25065865. JSTOR   25065865.
  6. 1 2 APG IV 2016.
  7. ↑ Takhtajan, A. (1967). Система и филогения цветковых растений (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum). Moscow: Nauka.
  8. ↑ http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ the official APG website
  9. ↑ "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.

Bibliography

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