Ulmus minor 'Hunnybunii'

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Ulmus minor 'Hunnybunii'
Ulmus nitens var. hunnybuni. Smooth-leaved Elm (01).jpg
'Hunnybunii' leaves, by E. W. Hunnybun, from The Cambridge British Flora (1914)
Species Ulmus minor
Cultivar 'Hunnybunii'
OriginEngland

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Hunnybunii' was originally identified as U. nitens var. HunnybuniiMoss by Moss [1] in The Cambridge British Flora (1914). [2] 'Hunnybunii' was reputed to have been commonly planted in the parklands and hedgerows of Essex, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire before the advent of Dutch elm disease. [2] [3] [4] Melville considered the tree a hybrid of 'Coritana'. [5]

Contents

The tree was named for C. E. Moss's collaborator, the botanical artist E. W. Hunnybun. [6] [2]

Description

Moss described 'Hunnybunii' as a taller tree than 'Sowerbyi', with the lower branches spreading at right angles, the upper less tortuous; leaves even more asymmetrical at the base, more acuminate at the apex. [3] Samara and leaf drawings by E. W. Hunnybun appear in The Cambridge British Flora (1914). [7] [8] [9]

Pests and diseases

Though susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease, field elms produce suckers and usually survive in this form in their area of origin.

Cultivation

Moss in The Cambridge British Flora (1914) described 'Hunnybunii' as "often planted, as in the grounds of St. John's College, Cambridge". [2] Late 19th and early 20th century photographs of the St John's New Building lawn show elms matching the 'Hunnybunii' description. [10] [11] [12] Herbarium specimens from The Hague and Wageningen suggest that the tree was cultivated in The Netherlands in the mid-20th century, possibly as part of the elm collection assembled there the 1930s for DED-testing by Christine Buisman, on behalf of the Dutch Elm Committee. No mature specimens are known to survive. Three surviving elms (2021), however, beside Dean Road, Bartlow, near the Cambridgeshire-Essex border, resemble var. 'Hunnybunii' in form. [13] [14] [15] Their leaves appear close to the 1962 Wageningen specimen WAG.1852692 of U. carpinifolia 'Hunnybunnii'. [16] Moss regarded the elm as a variety not a clone, allowing for some variability in leaf-shape.

Varieties

Related Research Articles

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Stricta Elm cultivar

The field elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Stricta', known as Cornish elm, was commonly found in South West England, Brittany, and south-west Ireland, until the arrival of Dutch elm disease in the late 1960s. The origin of Cornish elm in England remains a matter of contention. It is commonly assumed to have been introduced from Brittany. It is also considered possible that the tree may have survived the ice ages on lands to the south of Cornwall long since lost to the sea. Henry thought it "probably native in the south of Ireland". Dr Max Coleman of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, arguing in his 2002 paper on British elms that there was no clear distinction between species and subspecies, suggested that known or suspected clones of Ulmus minor, once cultivated and named, should be treated as cultivars, preferred the designation U. minor 'Stricta' to Ulmus minor var. stricta. The DNA of 'Stricta' has been investigated and the cultivar is now known to be a clone.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Schuurhoek Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Schuurhoek' was originally an old, nameless clone cultivated c.1880 in the vicinity of Goes, Netherlands, which was taken back into cultivation as 'Schuurhoek' by the van't Westeinde nursery at 's-Heer Abtskerke, Zeeland, in the 1950s. It was identified as U. carpinifolia by Fontaine (1968), though treated as a cultivar of U. × hollandica by some authorities.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Propendens Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Propendens', described by Schneider in 1904 as U. glabra (:minor) var. suberosa propendens, Weeping Cork-barked elm, was said by Krüssmann (1976) to be synonymous with the U. suberosa pendula listed by Lavallée without description in 1877. Earlier still, Loudon's Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum had included an illustration of a pendulous "cork-barked field elm", U. campestris suberosa. An U. campestris suberosa pendula was in nurseries by the 1870s.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Umbraculifera Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera' [:shade-giving] was originally cultivated in Iran, where it was widely planted as an ornamental and occasionally grew to a great size, being known there as 'Nalband' Persian: نعلبند [:the tree of the farriers]. Litvinov considered it a cultivar of a wild elm with a dense crown that he called U. densa, from the mountains of Turkestan, Ferghana, and Aksu. Non-rounded forms of 'Umbraculifera' are also found in Isfahan Province, Iran. Zielińksi in Flora Iranica considered it an U. minor cultivar.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Rueppellii Elm cultivar

Ulmus minor 'Rueppellii' is a Field Elm cultivar said to have been introduced to Europe from Tashkent by the Späth nursery, Berlin. Noted in 1881 as a 'new elm', it was listed in Späth Catalogue 73, p. 124, 1888–89, and in subsequent catalogues, as Ulmus campestris Rueppelli, and later by Krüssmann as a cultivar.

<i>Ulmus</i> Koopmannii Elm cultivar

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Koopmannii' was cloned from a specimen raised from seed sent from Margilan, Turkestan by Koopmann to the Botanischer Garten Berlin c. 1880. Noted in 1881 as a 'new elm', it was later listed by the Späth nursery, catalogue no. 62, p. 6. 101, 1885, as Ulmus Koopmannii, and later by Krüssmann in 1962 as a cultivar of U. minor. Margilan is beyond the main range of Ulmus minor. Augustine Henry, who saw the specimens in Berlin and Kew, believed Koopmann's Elm to be a form of Ulmus pumila, a view not shared by Rehder of the Arbold Arboretum. Ascherson & Graebner said the tree produced 'very numerous root shoots', which suggests it may be a cultivar of U. minor. Until DNA analysis can confirm its origin, the cultivar is now treated as Ulmus 'Koopmannii'.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Webbiana Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Webbiana', or Webb's curly-leaf elm, distinguished by its unusual leaves that fold upwards longitudinally, was said to have been raised at Lee's Nursery, Hammersmith, London, circa 1868, and was first described in that year in The Gardener's Chronicle and The Florist and Pomologist. It was marketed by the Späth nursery of Berlin in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as U. campestris WebbianaHort., and by Louis van Houtte of Ghent as U. campestris crispa (Webbiana). Henry thought 'Webbiana' a form of Cornish Elm, adding that it "seems to be identical with the insufficiently described U. campestris var. concavaefoliaLoudon" – a view repeated by Krüssmann.

The Elm cultivar Ulmus 'Tiliaefolia' was first mentioned by Host in Flora Austriaca (1827), as Ulmus tiliaefolia [:linden-leaved]. The Späth nursery of Berlin distributed a 'Tiliaefolia' from the late 19th century to the 1930s as neither an U. montana hybrid nor a field elm cultivar, but simply as Ulmus tiliaefolia, suggesting uncertainty about its status. Herbarium specimens appear to show two clones, one smaller-leaved and classified as a field elm cultivar, the other larger-leaved.

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Amplifolia' was first described in 1932, and sourced from Hesse's Nurseries, Weener, Germany as U. albaWaldst. et Kit.

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Tortuosa'Host, the Wiggly Elm, was described by Host in Flora Austriaca (1827) as Ulmus tortuosa, from low, twisted, small-leaved trees that grew in the hilly districts of Hungary. A contemporary herbarium specimen (1833) from Central Europe labelled U. tortuosaHost appears to show small field elm-type leaves. Henry distinguished 'Tortuosa' Host from Loddiges' and Loudon's U. tortuosa, which he identified with Ulmus 'Modiolina', "l'orme tortillard" of France. Henry noted, however, that abnormal sinuous or zigzagging growth "might occur in any kind of elm", and herbarium specimens of elms labelled 'Tortuosa' range from U. minor cultivars to hybrid cultivars, some treated as synonymous with 'Modiolina'. A large-leaved U. campestris tortuosa was described by David in Revue horticole (1846), while a hybrid var. tortuosa cultivar from Louveigné, Belgium, with twisted trunk and large leaves, was described by Aigret in 1905. An U. campestris suberosa tortuosa was marketed in the 1930s by the Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany, by its description a contorted form of corky-barked field elm.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Sowerbyi Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Sowerbyi', commonly known as the Sowerby Elm, was described by Moss in The Cambridge British Flora (1914). The tree, once referred to as the 'Norfolk Elm' by Smith, was commonly found in the hedgerows and woods of Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire in the early 20th century before the advent of Dutch elm disease. Melville considered it a hybrid of 'Coritana'.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Umbraculifera Gracilis Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera Gracilis' was obtained as a sport of 'Umbraculifera' by the Späth nursery of Berlin c.1897. It was marketed by the Späth nursery in the early 20th century, and by the Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany, in the 1930s.

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Lombartsii' is considered "possibly Ulmus × hollandica or Ulmus carpinifolia " by Green (1964). The tree was raised by Lombarts Nurseries at Zundert, Netherlands, circa 1910.

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Pendula Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Pendula' was said to have been raised in Belgium in 1863. It was listed as Ulmus sativa pendula by C. de Vos in 1887, and by Boom in 1959 as a cultivar.

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Rugosa' was distributed by the Späth nursery, Berlin, in the 1890s and early 1900s as U. campestris rugosaKirchner. Kirchner's tree, like Späth's a level-branched suberose field elm, was received from Belgium in 1864 as Ulmus rugosa pendula. Kirchner stressed that it was different from Loudon's Ulmus montana var. rugosa, being "more likely to belong to U. campestris or its subspecies, the Cork-elm".

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Coritana Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Coritana' was originally claimed by Melville, while he was searching in the neighbourhood of Leicestershire in 1936 for U. elegantissima, as a new species, which he called U. coritana. He later recorded its distribution in the counties of Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, Norfolk, Oxfordshire, Suffolk and Warwickshire. Richens, however, dismissed U. coritana as 'an artificial aggregate' of local forms of Field Elm. Bean noted (1988) that Melville's U. coritana was not recognised in the Flora of the British Isles as a species distinct from U. carpinifolia [:U. minor].

<i>Ulmus minor</i> Suberosa Elm cultivar

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Suberosa', commonly known as the Cork-barked elm, is a slow-growing or dwarf form of conspicuously suberose Field Elm. Of disputed status, it is considered a distinct variety by some botanists, among them Henry (1913), Krüssmann (1984), and Bean (1988), and is sometimes cloned and planted as a cultivar. Henry said the tree "appears to be a common variety in the forests of central Europe", Bean noting that it "occurs in dry habitats". By the proposed rule that known or suspected clones of U. minor, once cultivated and named, should be treated as cultivars, the tree would be designated U. minor 'Suberosa'. The Späth nursery of Berlin distributed an U. campestris suberosa alataKirchn. [:'corky-winged'] from the 1890s to the 1930s.

The hybrid elm Ulmus davidianavar.japonica × U. minor was raised at the Arnold Arboretum before 1924.

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Viminalis Betulaefolia' (:'birch-leaved') is an elm tree of uncertain origin. An U. betulaefolia was listed by Loddiges of Hackney, London, in the catalogue of 1836, an U. campestris var. betulaefolia by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838), and an U. betulifoliaBooth by the Lawson nursery of Edinburgh. Henry described an U. campestris var. betulaefolia at Kew in 1913, obtained from Fulham nurseryman Osborne in 1879, as "scarcely different from var. viminalis ". Melville considered the tree so named at Kew a form of his U. × viminalis, while Bean (1988), describing U. 'Betulaefolia', likewise placed it under U. 'Viminalis' as an apparently allied tree. Loudon and Browne had noted that some forms of 'Viminalis' can be mistaken for a variety of birch. An U. campestris betulaefolia was distributed by Hesse's Nurseries, Weener, Germany, in the 1930s.

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Viminalis Stricta' (:'narrow'), formerly known as U. campestris var. viminalis stricta, is a fastigiate form of Ulmus minor 'Viminalis'. A herbarium specimen at Kew labelled U. campestris var. viminalis f. stricta was considered by Melville a form of his U. × viminalis.

References

  1. ↑ kiki.huh.harvard.edu
  2. 1 2 3 4 Moss, C. E.; Hunnybun, E. W. (1914). The Cambridge British Flora. Vol. 2 Text. p. 90. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 Lynch, R I. (1915). Trees of the Cambridge Botanic Garden, in Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society (Ed.: Chittenden), Vol. 41, part 1, p. 17, 1915.
  4. ↑ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  5. ↑ Melville, Ronald (1949). "The Coritanian Elm". Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany. 53 (352): 263–271. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1949.tb00418.x.
  6. ↑ Edward Walter Hunnybun
  7. ↑ Moss, C. E.; Hunnybun, E. W. (1914). The Cambridge British Flora. Vol. 2 Plates. p. 191 (plate 90). Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  8. ↑ Moss, C. E.; Hunnybun, E. W. (1914). The Cambridge British Flora. Vol. 2 Plates. p. 193 (plate 91). Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  9. ↑ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1852755". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. foliaceaGilibert var. hunnybunnii; leaves specimen, Cambridge; "Herbarium specimen - L.1587295". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. foliacea hunnybunnii; leaves specimen, Cambridge (Den Haag 1931); "Herbarium specimen - L.1582081". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. nitens Hunnybunnii; twigs specimen, Cambridge (Den Haag 1931); "Herbarium specimen - L.4214757". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. nitens var. Hunnybunnyi; samarae specimen, Cambridge, 1938; "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1852690". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. carpinifolia 'Hunnybunnii'; Wageningen specimen, 1962; "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1852691". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. carpinifolia 'Hunnybunnii'; Wageningen specimen, 1962
  10. ↑ Photograph of elms, St John's New Building lawn, oldstratforduponavon.com/sitebuilder/images/cambridgestjohns2-620x413.jpg
  11. ↑ francisfrith.com 26441, St John's College, Cambridge c.1890
  12. 1 2 Photo of elm on St John's New Building lawn, 101 Views of Cambridge (Rock Bros. Publishing, London, 1900)
  13. ↑ 'Elms of the Essex / Cambridgeshire border'; resistantelms.co.uk/galleries
  14. ↑ 'Hunnybunii'-like elms, Dean Road, Bartlow, near Cambridgeshire-Essex border - Google Maps, August 2008, access date: February 11, 2022
  15. ↑ 'Hunnybunii'-like elms, Bartlow, from A1307, near Cambridgeshire-Essex border - Google Maps, October 2021, access date: February 11, 2022
  16. ↑ bioportal.naturalis.nl, specimen WAG.1852692, U. carpinifolia 'Hunnybunnii'; Wageningen specimen, 1962
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