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Ulmus rubra, the slippery elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America, ranging from southeast North Dakota, east to Maine and southern Quebec, south to northernmost Florida, and west to eastern Texas, where it thrives in moist uplands, although it will also grow in dry, intermediate soils. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. The tree was first named as part of Ulmus americana in 1753, but identified as a separate species, Ulmus rubra, in 1793 by Pennsylvania botanist Gotthilf Muhlenberg. The slightly later name U. fulva, published by French botanist André Michaux in 1803, is still widely used in dietary-supplement and alternative-medicine information.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Coolshade' is an American hybrid cultivar cloned from a crossing of the Slippery, or Red, Elm Ulmus rubra and the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila at the Sarcoxie Nurseries, Sarcoxie, Missouri, in 1946. At Arnold Arboretum, where there was a specimen, herbarium material was labelled Ulmus pumila 'Coolshade'.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Lincoln' was selected from crossings of the Slippery, or Red, Elm Ulmus rubra and the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila made in Aurora, Illinois, circa 1958 and patented in 1983 by Samuel Clegg of Clegg Landscaping, Plainfield, IL and Charles McFarland of Urbana, IL.
The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Flava' was listed in the Dieck catalogue of 1887 as U. scabra f. flava, but without description. The tree should not be confused with Ulmus flavaMichx. a probable misspelling of Ulmus fulva, a synonym of U. rubra, the Slippery or Red Elm from North America.
The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Rubra' was reputedly cloned from a tree found by Vilmorin in a wood near Verrières-le-Buisson in the 1830s. It was listed in the 1869 Catalogue of Simon-Louis, Metz, France, as Ulmus campestris rubra, and by Planchon in de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (1873) as Ulmus libero-rubra: 'Orme à liber rouge' [:elm with red inner bark]. Elwes and Henry (1913) and Bean (1936) listed it as Ulmus montana [:U. glabraHuds.] var. libro-rubro, the former stating that the tree appeared "identical" to Simon-Louis's Ulmus campestris rubra. A specimen in the Zuiderpark, The Hague, was identified in 1940 as a wych elm cultivar, U. glabraHuds.libero rubro.
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Albo-Dentata' first featured in the Baudriller nursery catalogue of 1880 as U. microphylla foliis albo-dentata. It was distributed by the Späth nursery of Berlin in the late 19th and early 20th century, as U. campestris microphylla fol. albo-dentatis.
The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Folia Rubra' was listed as Ulmus campestris foliis rubris by Louis de Smet in his catalogue of 1877, and Edouard Pynaert van Geert in the same year who obtained the tree from M. Gaujard of Wetteren, Belgium. An U. campestris fol. rubrisHort. was distributed by the Späth nursery, Berlin, in the 1890s and early 1900s.
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Laciniata' was listed by Wesmael in Bulletin de la Fédération des sociétés d'horticulture de Belgique 1862: 390 1863 as Ulmus campestris var. nuda subvar. microphylla laciniataHort. Vilv..
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Rosehill' is an American hybrid cultivar originally raised by the Rose Hill Nurseries of Kansas City, Missouri, from a selection of Ulmus pumila × Ulmus rubra seedlings made in 1951.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Willis' originated as a crossing made by a Mr Minnick of Kansas. Almost certainly derived from a crossing of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila and the Red Elm Ulmus rubra, it was originally believed that the male parent was the American Elm Ulmus americana.
The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Argenteo-Marginata' was first mentioned by Deegen in Deutsches Magazin für Garten- und Blumenkund (1879), as Ulmus campestris elegans foliis argenteo-marginatis. An U. campestris fol. argenteo-marginataHort. was distributed by the Späth nursery, Berlin, from the 1890s to the 1930s.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Fulva' is one of a number of cultivars arising from the crossing of Wych Elm U. glabra with Field Elm U. minor. Originally raised by Hesse's Nurseries, Weener, Germany, it was first mentioned in Mededeeling, Comite inzake Bestudeering en Bestrijding van de Iepenziekte 10: 9, 1932, but without description. Hesse's 1933 catalogue shows both U. fulvaHort. and U. fulvaMichx..
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Microphylla Pendula', the Weeping small-leaved elm, was first listed by the Travemünde nursery, Lübeck, and described by Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner's Arboretum Muscaviense (1864), as Ulmus microphylla pendulaHort.. By the 1870s it was being marketed in nurseries in Europe and America as Ulmus campestris var. microphylla pendula.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Microphylla' was listed in the Loddiges, Catalogue of 1823 as U. stricta microphylla but without description. A specimen in the Herb. Nicholson at Kew was identified by Melville as U. × hollandica.
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor'Microphylla Purpurea' was first described by C. de Vos, Handboek, 203, 1887.
The Chinese Elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'Hokkaido' is an older cultivar of Japanese origin.
Ulmus 'Repura' is an American elm cultivar raised by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) as selection '1193-4', derived from a crossing of 'Regal' and a crossing of Ulmus rubra with the hybrid Ulmus pumila × Ulmus davidiana var. japonica.
Ulmus 'Revera' is an American hybrid cultivar raised by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) as selection '1193-3' which, like 'Reperta', was derived from a crossing of 'Regal' with a crossing of Ulmus rubra and the hybrid Ulmus pumila × Ulmus davidiana var. japonica.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Improved Coolshade' is a superior selection from 'Coolshade' and was patented and released by the Sarcoxie Nurseries, Sarcoxie, Missouri, United States, in 1958.
References
- ↑ HUH Botanists Index
- ↑ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.