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The Undivided Goalpara district [1] is an erstwhile district of Assam, India, first constituted by the British rulers of Colonial Assam.
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The Undivided Goalpara district [1] is an erstwhile district of Assam, India, first constituted by the British rulers of Colonial Assam.
The region was part of Kamarupa in the first millennium, subsequently a part of Kamata kingdom and finally Koch Hajo in the late 16th century. But after beginning of Ahom-Mughal conflicts (1619-1682), it became a part of the Bengal Subah of the Mughal Empire; though it was in Ahom control for about three years around 1658, [2] it was not a regular part of Ahom territory. [3] Under the Mughals, it was constituted as Sarkar Dhekuri, [4] and it passed into East India Company control along with Bengal in 1765 and it fell under the Rangpur administration. As a part of the East India Company's frontier policy a special administrative region, called "North-Eastern Parts of Rangpur", was constituted sometime after 1816, with David David Scott appointed as its Civil Commissioner in January 1822. [5]
In anticipation of a rapture with the Burmese, the eastern frontier was placed under a military command, with David Scott appointed as an Agent of the Governor-General to oversee the political aspect of the Northeast Frontier and the Assam affairs. [6] Within the first month of the First Anglo-Burmese War (March 1824), the regions to the east of Rangpur, Kamrup and Darrang (under the erstwhile Ahom kingdom, then under Burmese occupation). [7] By October 1824, the newly acquired region came under administrative control of David Scott, the Chief Commissioner of "North-Eastern Parts of Rangpur" [8] and the historical grouping of the Goalpara, Kamrup and Darrang (largely congruous to the erstwhile Koch Hajo) called Western Assam (later Lower Assam) became apparent. [9] The Burmese abandoned the Ahom capital Rangpur, Assam in 1825 and following the Treaty of Yandabo of February 1826, the whole of the Ahom kingdom, except the Sadiya and the Bengmara i.e the areas under Matak kingdom (1805–1839), fell under direct British control and came to be called Eastern Assam. Western and Eastern Assam were placed under two commissioners, the Senior and Junior Commissioners, with the Senior Commissioner having certain overriding powers over the Junior Commissioners. The Junior Commissionership was abolished in 1828.
In March 1833 the erstwhile "Northeast Rangpur" was constituted as the Goalpara district. [10] At the end of the Bhutan War or (the Duar War) in 1865 the British took complete control of the Duars, and the portions adjoining Goalpara were added to it.
The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) is an autonomous region and a proposed state in Assam, Northeast India. It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river below the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. It is administered by an elected body known as the Bodoland Territorial Council which came into existence under the terms of a peace agreement signed in February 2003 and its autonomy was further extended by an agreement signed in January 2020. The agreement materialised as a result of the efforts taken by a naval veteran – Cdr. Robin Sharma (retd.), who is now the present president of the Bodoland. The region covers an area of over nine thousand square kilometres and is predominantly inhabited by the Bodo people and other indigenous communities of Assam.
Bongaigaon district (Prpn:ˈbɒŋgaɪˌgãʊ) is an administrative district in the state of Assam in northeastern India. The district headquarters are located at Bongaigaon. The district occupies an area of 1,093 km2.
Darrang is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters are located at Mangaldoi. The district occupies an area of 1585 km2.
Sonitpur district [Pron: ˌsə(ʊ)nɪtˈpʊə or ˌʃə(ʊ)nɪtˈpʊə] is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters is located at Tezpur.
The Dooars or Duars are the alluvial floodplains in eastern-northeastern India that lie south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas and north of the Brahmaputra River basin. This region is about 30 km (19 mi) wide and stretches over about 350 km (220 mi) from the Teesta River in West Bengal to the Dhansiri River in Assam. The region forms the gateway to Bhutan. It is part of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands ecoregion.
Kamarupa, an early state during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, was the first historical kingdom of Assam.
The history of Assam is the history of a confluence of people from the east, west, south and the north; the confluence of the Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman (Sino-Tibetan), Tai and Indo-Aryan cultures. Although invaded over the centuries, it was never a vassal or a colony to an external power until the third Burmese invasion in 1821, and, subsequently, the British ingress into Assam in 1824 during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
The Koch dynasty ruled parts of eastern Indian subcontinent in present-day Assam and Bengal. Biswa Singha established power in the erstwhile Kamata Kingdom which had emerged from the decaying Kamarupa Kingdom. The dynasty came to power by removing the Baro-Bhuyans, who had earlier removed the short-lived rule established by Alauddin Hussain Shah.
The Kamata Kingdom emerged in western Kamarupa probably when Sandhya, a ruler of Kamarupanagara, moved his capital west to Kamatapur sometime after 1257 CE. Since it originated in the old seat of the Kamarupa kingdom, and since it covered most of the western parts of it, the kingdom is also sometimes called as Kamarupa-Kamata.
Koch Hajo (1581-1616) was the kingdom under Raghudev and his son Parikshit Narayan of the Koch dynasty that stretched from Sankosh river in the west to the Bhareli river in the east on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river. It was created by dividing the Kamata kingdom then under Nara Narayan in medieval Assam. The Sankosh river divided the two new kingdoms, and it is roughly the boundary between the present-day Assam and West Bengal. The western half of the Kamata kingdom emerged as Koch Bihar whereas the eastern half emerged as Koch Hajo. The name Hajo comes from the legendary king Hajo, a Koch tribal chief and an ancestor of the Koch dynasty, who ruled over the Rangpur division in present-day Bangladesh and some regions of present-day Assam.
The Ahom kingdom was a late medieval kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam. It maintained its sovereignty for nearly 600 years having successfully resisted Mughal expansion in Northeast India. Established by Sukaphaa, a Tai prince from Mong Mao, it began as a mong in the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra based on wet rice agriculture. It expanded suddenly under Suhungmung in the 16th century and became multi-ethnic in character, casting a profound effect on the political and social life of the entire Brahmaputra valley. The kingdom became weaker with the rise of the Moamoria rebellion, and subsequently fell to repeated Burmese invasions of Assam. With the defeat of the Burmese after the First Anglo-Burmese War and the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826, control of the kingdom passed into East India Company hands.
Goalpariya is a group of Indo-Aryan dialects spoken in the Goalpara region of Assam, India. Along with Kamrupi, they form the western group of Assamese dialects. The North Bengali dialect is situated to its west, amidst a number of Tibeto-Burman speech communities. The basic characteristic of the Goalpariya is that it is a composite one into which words of different concerns and regions have been amalgamated. Deshi people speak this language and there are around 20 lakhs people.
Ahom–Mughal conflicts refers to the period of a list of conflicts between the Ahoms and the Mughals, which almost covered whole of 17th century, in order to maintain supremacy over Kamrup erstwhile fallen Koch Hajo. The continuous series of battles finally resulted in Ahom victory, with the Ahom influence extended upto the Manas river, which remained the western boundary of the kingdom till the advent of the British in 1826.
Colonial Assam (1826–1947) refers to the period in the history of Assam between the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo and the Independence of India when Assam was under British colonial rule. The political institutions and social relations that were established or severed during this period continue to have a direct effect on contemporary events. The legislature and political alignments that evolved by the end of the British rule continued in the post Independence period. The immigration of farmers from East Bengal and tea plantation workers from Central India continue to affect contemporary politics, most notably that which led to the Assam Movement and its aftermath.
Kamrup is the modern region situated between two rivers, the Manas and the Barnadi in Western Assam, with the same territorial extent as the Colonial and post-Colonial "Undivided Kamrup district". It was the capital region of two of the three dynasties of Kamarupa and Guwahati, the current political center of Assam, is situated here. It is characterized by its cultural artifacts.
Undivided Kamrup district is a former administrative district located in Western Assam from which Kamrup Rural (2003), Kamrup Metropolitan (2003), Barpeta (1983), Nalbari (1985) and Baksa (2004) districts were formed. It was announced in January 2020 that the Bajali sub-division of Barpeta district will be upgraded to a full district.
Goalpara region, largely congruous to the historical undivided Goalpara district, is a region that is associated with the people and culture of Goalpara. It is bounded on the north by Bhutan, on the east by the Kamrup region, in the south by Meghalaya and in the west by Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri in West Bengal and Rangpur in Bangladesh. The natural landmarks are: Sankosh and Brahmaputra rivers on the west, the Manas river on the east in the north bank, and a corresponding region in the south bank; the Garo Hills in the south and Bhutan Hills in the north.
The Regions of Assam are non-administrative units in the Indian state of Assam with a common historical past. Not all these regions are mutually exclusive.
The present-day state of Assam and its predecessor Undivided Assam was colonized by the East India Company and the British Raj over a period of 150 years—beginning with the Goalpara region in 1765 to drawing of the McMahon Line in 1913-1914 when the British consolidated its rule over the present-day Arunachal Pradesh.
Gohain Kamal Ali was an embanked road that connected the capital of the Koch dynasty, Cooch Behar in North Bengal to heart of Agomani in Dhubri and Narayanpur in Lakhimpur district in Assam, and ran along the foot of the Bhutan hills and the Dafla (Nishi) hills. This was constructed under the supervision of Gohain Kamal, the step-brother of the king, Nara Narayan and was completed in 1547. This was the road that the Koch general Chilarai used soon after for his invasion of the Ahom kingdom, and attacked the Ahom fort at Pichala, which was not a success, but a later movement in 1562 was greatly successful.