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Politics of Ghana takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Ghana is both head of state and head of government, and of a two party system. The seat of government is at Golden Jubilee House. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and Parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Government of Ghana was created as a parliamentary democracy, followed by alternating military and civilian governments in Ghana. In January 1993, military government gave way to the Fourth Republic after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution divides powers among a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent judiciary. The government is elected by universal suffrage.
Jerry John Rawlings was a Ghanaian military officer and politician who led the country for a brief period in 1979, and then from 1981 to 2001. He led a military junta until 1992, and then served two terms as the democratically elected President of Ghana. Rawlings was a respected figure across the political spectrum and was regarded as an astute disciplinarian with great praise from both the academia and the military.
The Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere (EGLE) is an inactive political party in terms of elections in Ghana. It has not contested any elections since the 2004 Ghanaian general election. According to Ghanaian law, political parties must have a presence in all districts in order to remain registered, but due to lax enforcement, EGLE remains registered as a party as of 2019.
The Great Consolidated Popular Party is a political party in Ghana.
The National Democratic Congress (NDC) is a social democratic political party in Ghana, founded by Jerry Rawlings, who was Head of State of Ghana from 1981 to 1993 and the President of Ghana from 1993 to 2001. Following the formation of the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC), which ruled Ghana following the military coup d'état on 31 December 1981, there was pressure from the international community to restore democracy. The NDC was formed as the ruling party ahead of elections in 1992, in which Rawlings was elected president, and in 1996 Rawlings was re-elected as the NDC candidate. Rawlings' second term ended in 2001.
General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2008. Since no candidate received more than 50% of the votes, a run-off election was held on 28 December 2008 between the two candidates who received the most votes, Nana Akufo-Addo of the governing New Patriotic Party and John Atta Mills of the opposition National Democratic Congress. Mills was certified as the victor by a margin of less than one percent, winning the presidency on his third attempt. It is to date the closest election in Ghanaian history.
The Electoral Commission of Ghana(EC) is the official body in Ghana responsible for all public elections. Made up of seven members, its independence is guaranteed by the 1992 Ghana constitution. The current commission was established by the Electoral Commission Act of 1993. Kwadwo Afari-Gyan was the first substantive chairman of the commission from 1993 to 2015. He was succeeded by Charlotte Osei as the first female chairman of the commission. On 5 December 2018, the Electoral commission chaired by Jean Adukwei Mensah reverted to the old logo showing Coat of arms of Ghana and a ballot box showing the hand casting its votes, after the controversy over the new logo
The Electoral Commission of South Africa is South Africa's election management body, an independent organisation established under chapter nine of the Constitution. It conducts elections to the National Assembly, provincial legislatures and municipal councils.
General elections were held in Ghana on Friday 7 December 2012 to elect a president and members of Parliament in 275 electoral constituencies. Owing to the breakdown of some biometric verification machines, some voters could not vote, and voting was extended to Saturday 8 December 2012. A run-off was scheduled for 28 December 2012 if no presidential candidate received an absolute majority of 50% plus one vote. Competing for presidency were incumbent president John Dramani Mahama of the National Democratic Congress (NDC), his main challenger Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and six other candidates.
The Ghana Democratic Republican Party is a political party registered in Ghana. It was founded in 1992. Its current leader is Kofi Amoah. It holds no seats in parliament at present.
General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2020. Incumbent President Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) was re-elected in the first round after securing a majority of the votes. Former President John Dramani Mahama says he will contest the results.
The People's Destiny Party is a Ghanaian political party. It is one of the parties registered with the Electoral Commission of Ghana to contest elections. The party is not represented in the contest for President of Ghana in the 2020 Ghanaian general election. Its logo shows a white lamb on a circular background. The upper half of the circle is black and the lower half green. Below the circle is written the name of the party in capitals.
The Reformed Patriotic Democrats is a political party in Ghana. It was founded in 2004 and registered with the Electoral Commission of Ghana in 2008. Although it was not involved with the 2020 Ghanaian general election, it is still listed on the website of the commission as a registered party.
The United Democratic Party is a Ghanaian political party registered with the Electoral Commission of Ghana. Its founder is Yaw Kumey.
The United Renaissance Party is a Ghanaian political party registered with the Electoral Commission of Ghana. It was founded in 2007. Its first leader was Kofi Wayo.
The United Love Party (ULP) is a political party in Ghana. It was formed in 2008.
References
- ↑ "Political Parties". Official website. Accra: Electoral Commission of Ghana. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
- ↑ "African Democracy Encyclopaedia Project - Ghana: Political Parties registered for 2012 elections". Official website. Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. December 2012. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
