UN Security Council Resolution 1511 | ||
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![]() Imam Ali Mosque in Iraq | ||
Date | 16 October 2003 | |
Meeting no. | 4,844 | |
Code | S/RES/1511 (Document) | |
Subject | The situation between Iraq and Kuwait | |
Voting summary |
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Result | Adopted | |
Security Council composition | ||
Permanent members | ||
Non-permanent members | ||
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1511 was adopted unanimously on 16 October 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, particularly 1483 (2003), 1500 (2003), and Resolution 1373 (2001) on terrorism. The council urged countries to contribute towards a multinational force to maintain security and called for power to be returned to the Iraqi people as soon as possible. [1]
During discussions prior to the adoption of Resolution 1511, Council members were presented with a choice of ending the occupation sooner or approving a longer, temporary occupation; they eventually chose the latter option, effectively authorising the international presence in Iraq. [2] The resolution was drafted by the United States and sponsored by Cameroon, Spain and the United Kingdom. [3] [4]
The Security Council reaffirmed the right of the Iraqi people to determine their own political future and control their own natural resources. International support in restoring stability and security was essential for the well-being of the people of Iraq. It welcomed an announcement of the Iraqi Governing Council to prepare for a conference to draft a constitution. Meanwhile, bombings against the Jordanian and Turkish embassies, the Imam Ali Mosque and United Nations headquarters in Baghdad, the murder of a Spanish diplomat and the assassination of Aqila al-Hashimi were condemned as attacks against the future of the country.
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the council emphasised the temporary nature of the Coalition Provisional Authority and welcomed the positive response of the international community to the establishment of the Governing Council. [5] It supported the efforts of the Governing Council to mobilise the Iraqi people and determined that the council and its ministers are the principle bodies of the Iraqi interim administration that embodied Iraqi sovereignty. In this regard, the Provisional Authority was asked to return power to the Iraqi people as soon as practicable, while the Governing Council was called upon to provide a timetable for drafting a new constitution and elections. [6] It reaffirmed the role of the United Nations in the country, through the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) and the provision of humanitarian aid and economic reconstruction, and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was asked to provide any resources requested by the Governing Council. [7]
Additionally, the resolution authorised the creation of a multinational force to contribute towards the security and stability in Iraq by protecting United Nations, humanitarian and Iraqi infrastructure. [8] International contributions were requested for the international force and the Security Council would review the mission within a year of the adoption of the current resolution, while the United States, acting on behalf of the force, was directed to report every six months on progress; little oversight of the activities of the force would take place. [9] The council emphasised the importance of establishing effective Iraqi police and security forces, condemned terrorist attacks in the country and expressed condolences to the families of the victims and the Iraqi people.
The final part of Resolution 1511 appealed to all countries, calling upon them to prevent the transit of terrorists or related funding to Iraq. It required further assistance to the Iraqi people in the reconstruction and development of their economy and infrastructure. Finally, the council called for the establishment of the International Advisory and Monitoring Board, reiterating the need for the Development Fund for Iraq to be used in a transparent manner.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1483, adopted on 22 May 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, the Council lifted trade sanctions against Iraq and terminated the Oil-for-Food Programme.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1546, adopted unanimously on 8 June 2004, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, the Council endorsed the formation of the Iraqi Interim Government, welcomed the end of the occupation and determined the status of the multinational force and its relationship with the Iraqi government.
United Nations Security Council resolution 986, adopted unanimously on 14 April 1995, after reaffirming all resolutions on Iraq and noting the serious humanitarian situation with the Iraqi civilian population, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, established a mechanism whereby Iraqi oil exports would finance humanitarian aid to the country, which later became known as the Oil-for-Food Programme.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1080, adopted unanimously on 15 November 1996, after reaffirming Resolution 1078 (1996) on the situation in the African Great Lakes region, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, established a multinational humanitarian force in eastern Zaire.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1101, adopted on 28 March 1997, after reiterating its concern over the situation in Albania, the council established a multinational protection force in the country to create conditions to facilitate humanitarian assistance.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1264, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council authorised the establishment of the multinational International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) to restore peace and security in the territory, facilitate humanitarian assistance and protect the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET).
United Nations Security Council resolution 1272 was adopted unanimously on 25 October 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor, particularly resolutions 384 (1975), 389 (1976), 1236 (1999), 1246 (1999), 1262 (1999) and 1264 (1999). The council established the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) that was responsible for the administration of the territory until its independence in 2002.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1386, adopted unanimously on 20 December 2001, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, particularly resolutions 1378 (2001) and 1383 (2001), the Council authorised the establishment of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) to assist the Afghan Interim Authority in the maintenance of security in Kabul and surrounding areas. It was the final Security Council resolution adopted in 2001.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1389, adopted unanimously on 16 January 2002, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sierra Leone, the council expanded the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) to include wide-ranging provisions for supporting the May 2002 general elections.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1445 was adopted unanimously on 4 December 2002. After recalling all previous resolutions on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the council expanded the military component of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) to a level of 8,700 military personnel–up from 4,250–in two task forces.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1936, adopted unanimously on August 5, 2010, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Iraq, including resolutions 1500 (2003), 1546 (2004), 1557 (2004), 1619 (2005), 1700 (2006), 1770 (2007), 1830 (2008) and 1883 (2009), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) for a further period of 12 months, until July 31, 2011.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1472, adopted unanimously on 28 March 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolutions 661 (1991), 986 (1995), 1409 (2002) and 1454 (2002) concerning the provision of humanitarian aid to the Iraqi people, the Council approved adjustments to the Oil-for-Food Programme giving the Secretary-General more authority to administer the programme for the following 45 days. The programme had been suspended when the Secretary-General ordered all United Nations staff out of Iraq days before the U.S.-led invasion.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1484, adopted unanimously on 30 May 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council authorised Operation Artemis in Bunia, the capital of Ituri Province, amid the deteriorating security situation in the area.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1491, adopted unanimously on 11 July 2003, after recalling resolutions 1031 (1995), 1088 (1996) and 1423 (2002) on the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the Council extended the mandate of the Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a further period of twelve months.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1497, adopted on 1 August 2003, after expressing concern at the situation in Liberia, the Council authorised a multinational force to intervene in the civil war to support the implementation of a ceasefire agreement using "all necessary measures".
United Nations Security Council resolution 1500, adopted on 14 August 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, particularly Resolution 1483 (2003), the council established the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) and welcomed the creation of the Iraqi Governing Council.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1501, adopted unanimously on 26 August 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly resolutions 1484 (2003) and 1493 (2003), authorised countries participating in Operation Artemis in Bunia to assist the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) as it was deployed around the town.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1509, adopted unanimously on 19 September 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Liberia, including Resolution 1497 (2003), the council established the 15,000-strong United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) to assist in implementing a ceasefire and peace agreement.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1529, adopted unanimously on 29 February 2004, after expressing concern about the situation in Haiti, the council authorised the deployment of an international force to the country to stabilise the situation following a coup d'état that resulted in the removal of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide from office.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2001, adopted unanimously on July 28, 2011, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Iraq, including resolutions 1500 (2003), 1546 (2004), 1557 (2004), 1619 (2005), 1700 (2006), 1770 (2007), 1830 (2008), 1883 (2009) and 1936 (2010), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) for a further period of 1 year.