Upright and Wing, also referred to as Temple and Wing or Gable Front and Wing, is a residential architectural style found in American vernacular architecture of New England and the Upper Midwest, specifically associated with the American Greek Revival. It was popular from the mid- to late 19th century and is typified by a gable ended "upright" section, usually two stories, and a one-story ell or "wing" section.
As a type of non-stylistic folk architecture, Upright and Wing houses were generally designed and built by tradesmen as opposed to the owners of the houses. [1] Most Upright and Wing houses are characterized by four main traits. [2] Nearly all are 1½–2 stories, gable roofed, and feature a vertical upright portion that is usually two stories and a perpendicular side section known as the wing. The wing is an ell that is generally 1 story but can be the same height as the upright section. [2]
Though usually non-stylistic, there are minor variations within the style. [2] Upright and Wing houses were laid out in either an L-plan or T-plan. The ell usually has bedrooms and the kitchen while the upright holds a parlor, staircase, and additional bedrooms. [1] [3] Early examples (c.1830–50) have the main entry on the upright portion of the house. Post-1850 examples usually shifted the entryway to the ell portion of the house. [3]
Upright and Wing enjoyed a lengthy period of popularity which partially coincided with the popularity of Greek Revival architecture in the United States. Thus, Upright and Wing houses are often adorned with pilasters, cornice returns and wide entablatures. [3]
The Upright and Wing style was mostly associated with New England and the New Englanders who settled the Great Lakes region. [3] [4] A folk style that was developed for the rural settings, Upright and Wing enjoyed wide usage in both rural and urban settings. [2] [4] The style was popular for much of the 19th century spanning a time period from c. 1830–90. [3] The form is known as Temple and Wing in some academic circles. [3]
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.
Cape Dutch architecture is an architectural style found mostly in the Western Cape of South Africa, but modern examples of the style have also been exported as far afield as Western Australia and New Zealand, typically on wine estates. The style was prominent in the early days of the Cape Colony, and the name derives from the initial settlers of the Cape being primarily Dutch. The style has roots in medieval Netherlands, Germany, France and Indonesia.
The Lampert-Wildflower House is a home in the U.S. city of Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois. The main, upright, portion of the house was constructed in 1838 and the wing section was added to the home during the 1860s. It passed through the hands of several owners until it was purchased by Phillip C. Lampert who is responsible for the wildflower covered lawn. The property contains five types of rare plants and is semi-wooded, shaded by 32 trees. The home is a distinct example of Upright and Wing construction, though it retains some elements of the Greek Revival style it was originally designed in. The wing section of the house features a front porch decorated with Gothic Revival and Queen Anne style elements. The house was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance in 2005.
The Bicknell–Armington Lightning Splitter House is a historic house at 3591 Pawtucket Avenue in East Providence, Rhode Island. The house is of a distinctive type, a "Lightning Splitter", of which only a few instances exist in the Providence area. It is a wood-frame structure with a steep two-story gable roof. Records suggest that the house was constructed about 1827, but architectural evidence suggests it was extensively altered in the 1850s. The main entrance and the interior has a simplified Greek Revival styling. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 28, 1980.
The Smith–Harris House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Thomas Avery House, is a 2+1⁄2-story clapboarded Greek Revival home on Society Road in East Lyme, Connecticut. It is believed that the farmhouse was built in 1845–1846 as a wedding gift for Thomas Avery and Elizabeth Griswold. It remained in the Avery family until 1877, when it was purchased by William H. Smith. By the 1890s, the farm was managed by Smith's younger brother, Herman W. Smith, and nephew, Frank A. Harris. In 1900, the two married Lula and Florence Munger, sisters, and both resided in the house. In 1955, the house was sold to the Town of East Lyme, and the sisters continued to live in the house until requiring a nursing home. The house was saved from demolition by citizens and restored. It opened on July 3, 1976, as a historic house museum, operated and maintained by the Smith–Harris House Commission and the Friends of Smith–Harris House. It is open from June through August and throughout the year by appointment. The Smith–Harris house was added to the National Historic Register of Places on August 22, 1979.
Cannondale Historic District is a historic district in the Cannondale section in the north-central area of the town of Wilton, Connecticut. The district includes 58 contributing buildings, one other contributing structure, one contributing site, and 3 contributing objects, over a 202 acres (82 ha). About half of the buildings are along Danbury Road and most of the rest are close to the Cannondale train station .The district is significant because it embodies the distinctive architectural and cultural-landscape characteristics of a small commercial center as well as an agricultural community from the early national period through the early 20th century....The historic uses of the properties in the district include virtually the full array of human activity in this region—farming, residential, religious, educational, community groups, small-scale manufacturing, transportation, and even government. The close physical relationship among all these uses, as well as the informal character of the commercial enterprises before the rise of more aggressive techniques to attract consumers, capture some of the texture of life as lived by prior generations. The district is also significant for its collection of architecture and for its historic significance.
A gablefront house, also known as a gable front house or front gable house, is a vernacular house type in which the gable is facing the street or entrance side of the house. They were built in large numbers throughout the United States primarily between the early 19th century and 1920. A gablefront cottage is a smaller variant, consisting of either a single story or a story-and-a-half. They were typically used as working-class dwellings, most being rather simple in design. However, they may contain some ornamentation such as brackets around the doorways or roof line. Many gablefront houses contain front porches.
The Kate Douglas Wiggin House, also known as Quillcote, is a historic house on Salmon Falls Road in Hollis, Maine. Built in 1797, the house is significant as the home of the writer Kate Douglas Wiggin from 1905 until her death in 1923, and as a fine example of adaptive architectural change over time. One room of the house features wall murals attributed to Rufus Porter. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
The Salome Sellers House is a historic house museum at 416 Sunset Road in Deer Isle, Maine. Its oldest portion dating to the 1770s, the house is locally distinctive as a well-preserved 19th-century Cape, and as the home of Salome Sellers, one of Deer Isle's longest-lived residents (1800-1909). The house has been a museum property of the Deer Isle-Stonington Historical Society since 1960, and is believed to be the only house of its type in the state that is open as a museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
The Jonesborough Historic District is a historic district in Jonesborough, Tennessee, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Jonesboro Historic District in 1969.
The Lord-Dane House is a historic house in Alfred, York County, Maine. Built in about 1803 as a country retreat for a ship's captain, it is a high-quality example of Federal architecture in a rural context. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
The Edward H. Lane House is an historic house located at 16 Cottage Street in Littleton, New Hampshire, United States. With a construction history dating to about 1830, it is a good architectural catalog of changing trends in local styles and economic circumstances. Its front portion, dating to the late 19th century, is a good example of Queen Anne Victorian architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
The Grafton Public Library is a 19th-century library located in Grafton, Vermont in the historic Butterfield House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
The Wilcox-Cutts House is a historic house on Vermont Route 22A in Orwell, Vermont, USA. Its oldest portions date to 1789, but it is regarded as one of Vermont's finest examples of late Greek Revival architecture, the result of a major transformation in 1843. The house and accompanying farmland, also significant in the development of Morgan horse breeding in the state, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
The Elwin Chase House is a historic house at 366 Topsham-Corinth Road in Topsham, Vermont. Built about 1830, it is a well-preserved example of Greek Revival architecture in a rural context. It is most prominent as one of the only known sites in Vermont of the artwork drawn by Rufus Porter, who worked as an itinerant muralist around the time of the house's construction. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
The Terry-Hayden House is a historic house on Middle Street in Bristol, Connecticut. Built in 1835 and enlarged in 1884, it is a well-preserved example of a Greek Revival house with a four-column temple portico. Now part of a professional office complex called Terry Commons, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The Frederick A., Jr. and Caroline Hewett Kennedy Farm is a historic farmstead located at 8490 Hanover Road near Hanover, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
American Greek Revival was an architectural style popular in the United States and Canada from about 1800 to 1860. The unique American interpretation of a larger Greek Revival of the era allowed many rural and vernacular interpretations to flourish, and these further influenced the development of many other styles, such as the gablefront. Marcus Whiffen states that the "first building in the United States to incorporate a Greek order was the Bank of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe in 1798". Talbot Hamlin says that "The period called 'Greek Revival,' extend[s] roughly from 1820 to 1860."