Urtatagai conflict | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Russian Empire | Afghanistan | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Nicholas II | Habibullah Khan |
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The Urtatagai conflict was a conflict between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire over control of the island of Urtatagai, which took place 1913. [1] It began in November, [2] when Afghan troops were deployed on Urtatagai after it had merged with the Afghan bank, placing it within Afghan territory. [1] [2] Sometime later, the flow of the river once again separated the island, and on an agreement on 13 December at Askhabad, the Afghan leadership agreed to return the island, ending the conflict. [2]
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The Urtatagai conflict was a conflict between the Soviet Union and the Emirate of Afghanistan in the mid-1920s over the control of the island of Urtatagai, which is an island on the Amu Darya river that had been claimed by Afghanistan since 1900, although it was under Russian control until 1920, when remnants of the Imperial Russian Army evacuated the island to aid the White Movement in the Russian Civil War. The Afghan Army had earlier unsuccessfully tried to enforce its claim on Urtatagai in a border conflict in 1913, and in 1920 Afghan forces were finally able to capture the island unopposed. On 27 November 1925, due to repeated incursions into Soviet territory by Basmachi rebels using the island as a base, as well as the Soviet claim to the Island, 340 Soviet troops landed on the island of Urtatagai, and a clash with the island's garrison saw 12 people killed, and 5 Afghans were taken prisoner. On 18 December, the Prime Minister of Afghanistan issued a letter of protest, making four key demands:
The Emirate of Afghanistan was an unrecognized state ruled by the Saqqawists that existed from January to October 1929. Habibullāh Kalakāni became the state's only emir on 18 January 1929. After the fall of Kalakāni on 13 October 1929, the Emirate ended.
The Central Asian riparian woodlands ecoregion is spread out across the deserts and plains of central Asia between the Aral Sea and the mountains 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) to the east. The long narrow components of the ecoregion follow the large rivers fed by snowmelt, and provide critical habitat for migratory birds as they travel through the arid region. The vegetation is referred to as tugai, characterized by low tangles of trees and brush along the edges of the rivers and associated wetlands, and fed by groundwater instead of precipitation.
In 1913, after the large island of Urta-Tugai (on the Panj River) merged with the Afghan bank, the Afghans took advantage of this existing situation and sent their forces to the island, resulting in a border conflict.