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Flatulence is the expulsion of gas from the intestines via the anus, commonly referred to as farting. "Flatus" is the medical word for gas generated in the stomach or bowels. A proportion of intestinal gas may be swallowed environmental air, and hence flatus is not entirely generated in the stomach or bowels. The scientific study of this area of medicine is termed flatology.
In mammals and other animals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular reproductive organ of the female genital tract. In humans, it extends from the vestibule to the cervix. The outer vaginal opening is normally partly covered by a thin layer of mucosal tissue called the hymen. At the deep end, the cervix bulges into the vagina. The vagina allows for copulation and birth. It also channels menstrual flow, which occurs in humans and closely related primates as part of the menstrual cycle.
Obstetric fistula is a medical condition in which a hole develops in the birth canal as a result of childbirth. This can be between the vagina and rectum, ureter, or bladder. It can result in incontinence of urine or feces. Complications may include depression, infertility, and social isolation.
In medicine, prolapse is a condition in which organs fall down or slip out of place. It is used for organs protruding through the vagina, rectum, or for the misalignment of the valves of the heart. A spinal disc herniation is also sometimes called "disc prolapse". Prolapse means "to fall out of place", from the Latin prolabi meaning "to fall out".
A pessary is a prosthetic device inserted into the vagina for structural and pharmaceutical purposes. It is most commonly used to treat stress urinary incontinence to stop urinary leakage and to treat pelvic organ prolapse to maintain the location of organs in the pelvic region. It can also be used to administer medications locally in the vagina or as a method of contraception.
The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is an anatomical location in the human body, which has an important role in urinary and anal continence, sexual function and support of the pelvic organs. The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments and fascia. and separates between the pelvic cavity from above, and the perineum from below. It is formed by the levator ani muscle and coccygeus muscle, and associated connective tissue.
In gynecology, a rectocele or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges (herniates) into the vagina. Two common causes of this defect are childbirth and hysterectomy. Rectocele also tends to occur with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as enterocele, sigmoidocele and cystocele.
A rectovaginal fistula is a medical condition where there is a fistula or abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina.
The cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina. Some may have no symptoms. Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination. Complications may include recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention. Cystocele and a prolapsed urethra often occur together and is called a cystourethrocele. Cystocele can negatively affect quality of life.
Uterine prolapse is a form of pelvic organ prolapse in which the uterus and a portion of the upper vagina protrude into the vaginal canal and, in severe cases, through the opening of the vagina. It is most often caused by injury or damage to structures that hold the uterus in place within the pelvic cavity. Symptoms may include vaginal fullness, pain with sexual intercourse, difficulty urinating, and urinary incontinence. Risk factors include older age, pregnancy, vaginal childbirth, obesity, chronic constipation, and chronic cough. Prevalence, based on physical exam alone, is estimated to be approximately 14%.
"Fart Proudly" is the popular name of an essay about flatulence written by Benjamin Franklin c. 1781 while he was living abroad as United States Ambassador to France. It is an example of flatulence humor.
A vaginal disease is a pathological condition that affects part or all of the vagina.
A postpartum disorder or puerperal disorder is a disease or condition which presents primarily during the days and weeks after childbirth called the postpartum period. The postpartum period can be divided into three distinct stages: the initial or acute phase, 6–12 hours after childbirth; subacute postpartum period, which lasts two to six weeks, and the delayed postpartum period, which can last up to six months. In the subacute postpartum period, 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. Long term health problems are reported by 31% of women.
Vaginal transplantation is procedure whereby donated or laboratory-grown vagina tissue is used to create a 'neovagina'. It is most often used in women who have vaginal aplasia.
A urogenital fistula is an abnormal tract that exists between the urinary tract and bladder, ureters, or urethra. A urogenital fistula can occur between any of the organs and structures of the pelvic region. A fistula allows urine to continually exit through and out the urogenital tract. This can result in significant disability, interference with sexual activity, and other physical health issues, the effects of which may in turn have a negative impact on mental or emotional state, including an increase in social isolation. Urogenital fistulas vary in etiology. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery, but they can also result from malignancy, infection, prolonged and obstructed labor and deliver in childbirth, hysterectomy, radiation therapy or inflammation. Of the fistulas that develop from difficult childbirth, 97 percent occur in developing countries. Congenital urogenital fistulas are rare; only ten cases have been documented. Abnormal passageways can also exist between the vagina and the organs of the gastrointestinal system, and these may also be termed fistulas.
Vaginal anomalies are abnormal structures that are formed during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina.
The vaginal support structures are those muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, membranes and fascia, of the pelvic floor that maintain the position of the vagina within the pelvic cavity and allow the normal functioning of the vagina and other reproductive structures in the female. Defects or injuries to these support structures in the pelvic floor leads to pelvic organ prolapse. Anatomical and congenital variations of vaginal support structures can predispose a woman to further dysfunction and prolapse later in life. The urethra is part of the anterior wall of the vagina and damage to the support structures there can lead to incontinence and urinary retention.
Vaginal rugae are structures of the vagina that are transverse ridges formed out of the supporting tissues and vaginal epithelium in females. Some conditions can cause the disappearance of vaginal rugae and are usually associated with childbirth and prolapse of pelvic structures. The rugae contribute to the resiliency and elasticity of the vagina and its ability to distend and return to its previous state. These structures not only allow expansions and an increase in surface area of the vaginal epithelium, they provide the space necessary for the vaginal microbiota. The shape and structure of the rugae are supported and maintained by the lamina propria of the vagina and the anterior and posterior rugae.
Bovine vaginal prolapse is a medical condition in cattle, characterised by an abnormally positioned (prolapsed) vagina. In most cases the bovine vaginal prolapse occurs near the time of calving, yet there are some examples of the vaginal prolapse in younger and non-pregnant animals. Another, but less common and more severe reproductive prolapse in cattle is so-called bovine uterine prolapse, where a uterus is the one being abnormally positioned.
Vaginal introital laxity is a symptom of pelvic floor dysfunction characterised by a sensation of looseness at vaginal external opening, also known as the vaginal introitus. Possible causes include pelvic organ prolapse (POP), post-pregnancy and vaginal delivery and menopause. Consequences may include experiencing sexual dysfunction, ranging from dyspareunia, increased vaginal “wind” to overactive bladder (OAB). These consequences may lead to adverse significant impacts on women’s sexual health, body image and quality of life. Vaginal laxity is often underreported, with approximately 80% of women not seeking treatment or discussing their concerns.
References
- 1 2 3 Neels, Hedwig; Mortiers, Xavier; de Graaf, Sybrich; Tjalma, Wiebren A. A.; De Wachter, Stefan; Vermandel, Alexandra (July 2017). "Vaginal wind: A literature review". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology . 214: 97–103. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.033 . PMID 28494270.
- ↑ DeGuzman, Kristine (21 October 2008). "Well, That Was Awkward". Sex on Tuesday. The Daily Californian . Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ "Lexicon of Lust". Playgirl . December 2004.[ page needed ]
- ↑ "fanny fart" . Macquarie Dictionary . Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ Bletchly, Rachael (28 August 2005). "Our wild sex but no hugs". Dear Rachael. The People . Archived from the original on 9 April 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ Martinez, Michael; Dogra, Vikram (26 July 2001). "Body Imaging Teaching Files | Case Two-hundred Twenty Eight - Colovaginal Fistula". UHrad.com. Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University. Archived from the original on 14 June 2002. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ "Correct assessment of prolapse essential". Medical Tribune. MediMedia Asia. 15 April 2003. Archived from the original on 29 March 2004. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ "Vaginal problems and female genital prolapse". Health Guide A-Z. Healthwise. 22 November 2004. Archived from the original on 24 November 2005. Retrieved 21 January 2024– via WebMD.
- ↑ Wright, Janis (15 September 2003). "Information from Your Family Doctor | Pregnancy: Prenatal Care". American Family Physician . 68 (6): 1165–1167. PMID 14524404 . Retrieved 21 January 2024.
