Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev is a Kazakh politician and military officer who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, from the country’s independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022.
The Politics of Azerbaijan take place in an authoritarian system where elections are not free and fair, political opponents are repressed, civil rights are limited, human rights abuses are widespread, corruption is rampant, and power is concentrated in the hands of President Ilham Aliyev and his extended family.
Siim Kallas is an Estonian politician, former Prime Minister of Estonia, and former European Commissioner, as well as a former member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov was a Soviet official who became a Russian banker following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Born in the city of Moscow, then part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Pavlov began his political career in the Ministry of Finance in 1959. Later, during the Brezhnev Era, he became head of the Financial Department of the State Planning Committee. Pavlov was appointed to the post of Chairman of the State Committee on Prices during the Gorbachev Era, and later became Minister of Finance in Nikolai Ryzhkov's second government. He went on to succeed Ryzhkov as head of government in the newly established post of Prime Minister of the Soviet Union.
The chairman of the government of the Russian Federation, also informally known as the prime minister, is the head of government of Russia and the second highest ranking political office in Russia. Although the post dates back to 1905, its current form was established on 12 December 1993 following the introduction of a new constitution.
Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov was a Russian politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999. During his long career, he also served as Foreign Minister, Speaker of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, and chief of the intelligence service. Primakov was an academician (Arabist) and a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Dinmukhamed Akhmetuly "Dimash" Kunaev was a Kazakh Soviet communist politician who served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR.
The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Prior to their independence, they existed as Union Republics, which were the top-level constituents of the Soviet Union. There are 15 post-Soviet states in total: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Each of these countries succeeded their respective Union Republics: the Armenian SSR, the Azerbaijan SSR, the Byelorussian SSR, the Estonian SSR, the Georgian SSR, the Kazakh SSR, the Kirghiz SSR, the Latvian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR, the Moldavian SSR, the Russian SFSR, the Tajik SSR, the Turkmen SSR, the Ukrainian SSR, and the Uzbek SSR. In Russia, the term "near abroad" is sometimes used to refer to the post-Soviet states other than Russia.
The prime minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 after the removal of his predecessor, Novruz Mammadov.
The prime minister of Kazakhstan is the head of government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the holder of its second highest office, after the president of Kazakhstan. The prime minister heads the cabinet and advises the president in the every day execution of the functions of the Parliament of Kazakhstan.
Kanat Bekmyrzauly Saudabayev is a Kazakh politician who served as the State Secretary of Kazakhstan from 2007 to 2012. Prior to that, he served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2011 and in 1994, Ambassador of Kazakhstan to the United States from 2000 to 2007, Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1996 to 1999 and Ambassador to Turkey from 1994 to 1996.
Karim Qazhymqanuly Massimov is a politician who served as a Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 10 January 2007 to 24 September 2012 and again from 2 April 2014 to 8 September 2016.
The office of Vice President of Uzbekistan was a political position in Uzbekistan until it was abolished on January 8, 1992. It was the title of the deputy to the President of Uzbekistan. Shukrullo Mirsaidov was the first and only holder of the office from 24 March 1990 to 8 January 1992.
The National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan is an intelligence agency in Kazakhstan founded on 13 July 1992. It primarily manages the Border Service of Kazakhstan, which conducts oversight over the international borders of Kazakhstan. The NSC also oversees the Arystan ('Lions') commando unit.
Askar Myrzakhmetov is a Kazakh politician who held the positions of Counsellor of the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan and First Vice Minister of Agriculture between 1997 and 2006. He was ambassador to Uzbekistan in 2006 and 2007.
Erik Magzumuly Asanbayev was a Kazakh statesman and vice-president of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 1996.
Djoomart Otorbaev was the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. On 25 March 2014 he replaced Zhantoro Satybaldiyev as acting prime minister until a new government was formed. On 3 April 2014, he was officially named prime minister. On 23 April 2015 he resigned.
Sergey Alexandrovich Tereshchenko was a Kazakh politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 1994 and later as the acting chairman of Otan from 1999 to 2002.
Presidential elections were held in Kazakh SSR on 24 April 1990 to elect the president for a six-year term. Chairman of the Supreme Council Nursultan Nazarbayev was chosen to be the president by 317 of the 360 members. The election was uncontested.
