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Vladimir Bogoyavlensky | |
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Metropolitan and archbishop of Moscow | |
Church | Russian Orthodox Church |
See | Moscow |
Installed | 1898 |
Term ended | 1912 |
Predecessor | Sergius I, Metropolitan of Moscow |
Successor | Macarius (Nevsky) |
Personal details | |
Born | Vasily Nikiforovich Bogoyavlensky 1 January 1848 Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire |
Died | 7 February 1918 70) Ukraine | (aged
Vladimir ( ‹See Tfd› Russian : Владимир), baptismal name: Vasily Nikiforovich Bogoyavlensky ( ‹See Tfd› Russian : Василий Никифорович Богоявленский; 1 January 1848 – 7 February [ O.S. January 25] 1918), was a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was appointed to the position of Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna between 1898 and 1912, Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga between 1912 and 1915, and the Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia between 1915 and 1918. Murdered by Bolshevik soldiers in 1918, [1] [2] Metropolitan Vladimir was glorified as a Hieromartyr by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1992. [3]
He was Chairman (the leading member) of the Most Holy Synod (1912–1917).
Born to a family of a clergyman in Tambov Governorate, Vasili Bogoyavlensky graduated from a seminary in Tambov and Kiev Theological Academy. He then returned to Tambov to teach at his alma mater. In 1882, Vasili was ordained a priest in a town of Kozlov in Tambov Guberniya. [4] On the death of his wife and child in 1886, he was tonsured (took monastic vows) being given the religious name of Vladimir, and was appointed igumen (abbot) of the Trinity Monastery in that same town.
In 1888, Igumen Vladimir was sent to St Petersburg as a vicar to assist the Metropolitan and was thereafter consecrated as a bishop. He was soon assigned to preach in Samara. When the country was afflicted by the epidemic of cholera and crop failure, he called upon the clergy and laity to help the needy and often conducted moliebens himself, beseeching the Lord to deliver people from calamities. [4]
For six years, from 1892, Vladimir administered the Georgian Exarchate, paying special attention to the spiritual enlightenment of the multiethnic Orthodox population of the Caucasus, and opening new churches and parish schools. [4]
In 1898, Bishop Vladimir was summoned to Moscow where he was appointed Metropolitan of Moscow. During the events of October 1905, Metropolitan Vladimir wrote an address entitled, "What should we do during these troubled days?" (Что нам делать в эти тревожные наши дни?) and ordered that it be read aloud to the people in all of the churches in and around Moscow. In this address, he told the people of Moscow about the "criminal" and "anti-Christian" intentions of those who had compiled The Protocols of the Elders of Zion . Metropolitan Vladimir's address made a huge impression on those who confessed Russian Orthodoxy. He himself read his speech in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Assessing the Protocols, Vladimir directly associated its authors' "monstrous" intentions with the revolutionary events in Russia, examining the then-ongoing social disturbance in Russian society from a religious, not political, point of view. He urged the Eastern Orthodox people to stand up against the Anti-Christ.
Upon the death of the Metropolitan Anthony of Saint Petersburg in 1912, Metropolitan Vladimir was chosen to fill this post. His successful career in this city, however, came to an end because he had been criticizing Grigori Rasputin's influence on the Church. [5]
In December 1915, Vladimir was sent away to Kiev. He was Metropolitan of Kiev and Gallich from 1915 to 1918. A few months after the October Revolution, Metropolitan Vladimir was arrested by five Red Army soldiers on 7 February [ O.S. January 25] 1918 when the army of Muravyov swept through Ukraine and in front of his monks he was immediately executed and his body mutilated. [6]
Metropolitan Vladimir was glorified (canonized) as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1992. His feast day is celebrated on January 25, the date of his martyrdom. The Russian Orthodox Church follows the traditional Julian Calendar in determining feast day; currently, January 25 falls on February 7 of the modern Gregorian Calendar. He was the first bishop to suffer as a New Martyr under the Soviets. [7]
Tikhon of Moscow, born Vasily Ivanovich Bellavin, was a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). On 5 November 1917 (OS) he was selected the 11th Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, after a period of about 200 years of the Synodal rule in the ROC. He was canonised as a confessor by the ROC in 1989.
Peter of Moscow was the Russian metropolitan who moved his see from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a patron saint of Moscow. In spite of the move, the office remained officially entitled "Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'" until the autocephalous election of Jonah of Moscow in 1448.
Archbishop Andronik, was a bishop in the Russian Orthodox Church and a saint, glorified as Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop Of Perm in 2000.
Sep. 1 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - Sep. 3
Saint Philip II of Moscow was the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus' from 1566 to 1568. He was the thirteenth Metropolitan of Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm.
August 13 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 15
January 24 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 26
The title of New Martyr or Neomartyr is conferred in some denominations of Christianity to distinguish more recent martyrs and confessors from the old martyrs of the persecution in the Roman Empire. Originally and typically, it refers to victims of Islamic persecution.
John Alexandrovich Kochurov, hieromartyr of the Soviet revolution, was one of a number of young educated priests who came to the United States in the late 1890s as missionaries among the émigrés from Carpathian Ruthenia and Galicia. He was active in establishing parishes and aiding communities, mainly in the Midwest. After returning to Russia he was assigned to Estonia where he put into action the teaching skills he learned in America before he was assigned in 1916 to Tsarskoe Selo. Here he was killed during the early days of the Bolshevik revolution. His feast day is celebrated on October 31. He is also commemorated on the Synaxis of the first martyrs of the American lands on December 12 and on the feast of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, celebrated on the Sunday nearest to January 25, which was the date of the martyrdom of Metropolitan Vladimir of Kiev, the first of the new martyrs.
Metropolitan Nicholas, was the Metropolitan of Kiev in the Patriarchate of Moscow.
Metropolitan Anthony was a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Russian Empire, the Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia, who after the defeat of Gen Pyotr Wrangel's White Army in South Russia in November 1920 emigrated and in 1921 settled down in Sremski Karlovci, Serbia. He, along with several other Russian bishops in exile, established an independent Russian church administration that sought to embrace all Russian Orthodox diaspora, known as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR).
August 30 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 1
August 26 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 28
October 20 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 22
December 20 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 22
Nicodemius was a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, later the Archbishop of Kostroma and Galich.
Metropolitan Cornelius was an Estonian metropolitan bishop of Tallinn and All Estonia, the head of the Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate.
Metropolitan Anastasy was a hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church and the second First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
New Martyrs and Confessors of Russian Church is group of saints of the Russian Orthodox Church martyred or persecuted after the October Revolution of 1917. Their memorial is held annually at the end of January or beginning of February.