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Vladimir Stepanov | |
---|---|
Владимир Степанов | |
First Secretary of the Karelian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
In office 18 April 1984 –30 November 1989 | |
Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Finland | |
In office 27 December 1973 –11 June 1979 | |
Preceded by | Viktor Maltsev |
Succeeded by | Vladimir Sobolev |
Personal details | |
Born | Kovgora,Kondopozhsky District,Karelian ASSR,Russian SFSR,Soviet Union | 21 March 1927
Died | 14 June 2022 95) | (aged
Awards | Order of Lenin Order of the Red Banner Grand Cross of the White Rose of Finland [1] |
Vladimir Sevastyanovich Stepanov (Russian :ВладимирСевастьяновичСтепанов;21 March 1927 –14 June 2022) was a Soviet diplomat and intelligence officer. He served as ambassador to Finland from December 1973 to June 1979. [2]
Vladimir Stepanov was born in 1927 in Kovgora,Kondopozhsky District,to a Karelian family. He spoke Finnish with a strong Karelian accent. He graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1950. In 1952 he was elected secretary of the regional Central Committee of Komsomol in Karelia. [1]
From 1963 he was on the staff of the Soviet embassy in Helsinki and was appointed ambassador ten years later. Stepanov was fired in 1979 after a controversial article published in Pravda during the 1979 Finnish parliamentary election. The National Coalition Party was branded by Soviet government newspaper as "unreliable" in foreign policy. This was considered interference in the internal affairs of Finland. [3] Past Finnish foreign minister Keijo Korhonen named Stepanov the "worst enemy of Finland's neutrality". [4]
After returning to the USSR,Stepanov was appointed first vice-premier of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. He was one of the initiators of the Soviet-Finnish Kostomuksha mine project in the north of Karelia. From 1984 Stepanov served as the first secretary of the Karelian Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [1] In 1984 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union,and from 1986 to 1990 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [5] After his retirement in 1989 he resided in Moscow. [6] [7]
Stepanov died on 14 June 2022 at the age of 95. [5] He was buried in the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery on 17 June 2022. [8]
The Continuation War,also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War,was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. It began with a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941 and ended on 19 September 1944 with the Moscow Armistice. The Soviet Union and Finland had previously fought the Winter War from 1939 to 1940,which ended with the Soviet failure to conquer Finland and the Moscow Peace Treaty. Numerous reasons have been proposed for the Finnish decision to invade,with regaining territory lost during the Winter War regarded as the most common. Other justifications for the conflict include Finnish President Risto Ryti's vision of a Greater Finland and Commander-in-Chief Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim's desire to annex East Karelia.
The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939,three months after the outbreak of World War II,and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. Despite superior military strength,especially in tanks and aircraft,the Soviet Union suffered severe losses and initially made little headway. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from its organization.
The Republic of Karelia,Karjala or Karelia is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District,and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres,with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.
Johannes Virolainen was a Finnish politician and who served as 30th Prime Minister of Finland,helped inhabitants of Karelia,opposed the use of alcohol and created Mandatory Swedish in Finnish basic schools.
The Aunus expedition was an attempt by Finnish volunteers to occupy parts of East Karelia in 1919,during the Russian Civil War. Aunus is the Finnish name for Olonets Karelia. This expedition was one of many Finnic "kinship wars" (heimosodat) fought against forces of Soviet Russia after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and during the Russian Civil War.
Karelia is a historical province of Finland,consisting of the modern-day Finnish regions of South Karelia and North Karelia plus the historical regions of Ladoga Karelia and the Karelian isthmus,which are now in Russia. Historical Karelia also extends to the regions of Kymenlaakso,Northern Savonia and Southern Savonia (Mäntyharju).
Karelia is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia,Finland,and Sweden. It is currently divided between northwestern Russia and Finland.
Greater Finland is an irredentist and nationalist idea which aims for the territorial expansion of Finland. It is associated with Pan-Finnicism. The most common concept saw the country as defined by natural borders encompassing the territories inhabited by Finns and Karelians,ranging from the White Sea to Lake Onega and along the Svir River and Neva River—or,more modestly,the Sestra River—to the Gulf of Finland. Some extremist proponents also included the Kola Peninsula,Finnmark,Swedish Meänmaa,Ingria,and Estonia.
The Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,Karelian ASSR for short,sometimes referred to as Soviet Karelia or simply Karelia,was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR,Soviet Union,with the capital in Petrozavodsk.
The Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive or Karelian offensive was a strategic operation by the Soviet Leningrad and Karelian Fronts against Finland on the Karelian Isthmus and East Karelia fronts of the Continuation War,on the Eastern Front of World War II. The Soviet forces captured East Karelia and Vyborg/Viipuri. After that,however,the fighting reached a stalemate.
Eero Haapalainen was a Finnish politician,trade unionist and journalist,who served as the commander-in-chief of the Red Guards from January to March 1918 during the Finnish Civil War.
The Karelian people's presence can be dated back to the 7th millennium BC–6th millennium BC. The region itself is rich with fish,lakes,and minerals,and because of that its holder has changed throughout history,and to this day it is divided between the Republic of Finland and the Russian Federation.
The East Karelian Uprising and the Soviet–Finnish conflict 1921–1922 were an attempt by a group of East Karelian separatists supported by Finland to gain independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. They were aided by a number of Finnish volunteers,starting from 6 November 1921. The conflict ended on 21 March 1922 with the Agreements between the governments of Soviet Russia and Finland about the measures of maintenance of the inviolability of the Soviet–Finnish border. The conflict is regarded in Finland as one of the heimosodat –"Kinship Wars".
Keijo Tero Korhonen was a Finnish politician,ambassador,and professor. During his political career,he served as the Finnish foreign minister and Permanent Representative of Finland to the United Nations. He was an unsuccessful candidate for President of Finland in 1994. He was also a professor at the University of Helsinki and an adjunct professor at the University of Arizona.
The aftermath of the Winter War covers the historical events and views following the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from 30 November 1939 to 13 March 1940.
National Bolshevism,whose supporters are known as National Bolsheviks and colloquially as Nazbols,is a syncretic political movement committed to combining ultranationalism and Bolshevik communism.
Seppo Erkki Sakari Heikinheimo was a Finnish musicologist,music journalist,writer and translator.
Gennady Nikolayevich Kupriyanov was a Soviet politician who served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic from 1940 to 1950.
The Karelian Labor Commune was an autonomous region established in 1920 following the successes of the Red Army's incursion into the Republic of Uhtua,to undermine and discredit the separatist movements and to make Finland give up on attempting to liberate East Karelia shortly before the beginning of negotiations for the Treaty of Tartu and during the Heimosodat. Edvard Gylling and YrjöSirola,former members of the government of the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic,met with Vladimir Lenin in the Kremlin to propose autonomy for Karelia within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The Commune was founded on 8 June 1920 and was disestablished on 25 July 1923 and succeeded by the Karelian ASSR,following the end of the Heimosodat.
Viktor Nikolayevich Stepanov is a Russian politician who was the prime minister of the Republic of Karelia in 1994–98.