Wendy Johnson (born October 2, 1955) is an American differential psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of Edinburgh.[1] She holds the chair in Differential Development in the Department of Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology at the University of Edinburgh.[2]
After completing a post-doctoral fellowship at the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research, Johnson moved to the University of Edinburgh in 2007. Johnson was supported by a research fellowship from Research Council of the United Kingdom before joining the faculty of the University of Edinburgh in 2010. At Edinburgh, Johnson became involved in longitudinal research with Ian Deary one of the Lothian Birth Cohort.[6] Their research program originated in the Scottish Mental Surveys that tested the intelligence of almost every child born in Scotland in 1921 or 1936, with follow-up studies conducted to the present day.[7]
Johnson's research focuses on genetics, environmental, and social factors that influence the intelligence from childhood to adulthood,[11] and longitudinal relationships between intelligence and other outcomes such as health.[12] Some of her studies have looked a multiple factors in relation to academic achievement over time, including family risk factors, intelligence, depression, and child academic engagement.[13] Her studies utilize quantitative genetic models that specify systematic transactions between genetic and environmental influences on behavior.[14] In some research, twins separated at birth were studied to determine what familial and environmental factors contribute to individual traits, such as intelligence, and if these traits differ if each twin was exposed to different circumstances.[15]
Her 2004 paper "Genetic and environmental structure of adjectives describing the domains of the Big Five model of personality: A nationwide US twin study,"[16] co-authored with Robert F. Krueger, was named Best Paper of the Year by the Journal of Research in Personality. This twin study aimed to specify genetic and environmental influences on Big Five personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism). It was determined that Big Five traits have complex etiology with both genetics and outside factors influencing these traits.
Some of her work has examined genetic influences on general intelligence, often referred to as g.[17] Her research validates the psychological construct of a higher-level g facto r that is not closely associated with any specific test, but rather reflects shared variance across multiple mental ability tests.[18][19]
Representative publications
Deary, I. J., Johnson, W., & Houlihan, L. M. (2009). Genetic foundations of human intelligence. Human genetics, 126(1), 215–232.
Deary, I. J., Penke, L., & Johnson, W. (2010). The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(3), 201–211.
Johnson, W. (2007). Genetic and environmental influences on behavior: Capturing all the interplay. Psychological Review, 114(2), 423–440.
Johnson, W., & Bouchard Jr, T. J. (2005). The structure of human intelligence: It is verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized. Intelligence, 33(4), 393–416.
Johnson, W., Bouchard Jr, T. J., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., & Gottesman, I. I. (2004). Just one g: Consistent results from three test batteries. Intelligence, 32(1), 95–107.
Johnson, W., & Krueger, R. F. (2006). How money buys happiness: Genetic and environmental processes linking finances and life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(4), 680–691.
↑ Johnson, Wendy; Gow, Alan J.; Corley, Janie; Starr, John M.; Deary, Ian J. (2010-07-01). "Location in cognitive and residential space at age 70 reflects a lifelong trait over parental and environmental circumstances: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936". Intelligence. 38 (4): 402–411. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.04.001. ISSN0160-2896.
↑ "Wendy Johnson: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology". The American Psychologist. 66 (8): 708–710. November 2011. doi:10.1037/a0025136. ISSN1935-990X. PMID22082388.
↑ "Wendy Johnson". Association for Psychological Science. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
↑ Johnson, Wendy; Corley, Janie; Starr, John M.; Deary, Ian J. (2011). "Psychological and physical health at age 70 in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: Links with early life IQ, SES, and current cognitive function and neighborhood environment". Health Psychology. 30 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1037/a0021834. ISSN1930-7810. PMID21299289.
↑ Johnson, Wendy; McGue, Matt; Iacono, William G. (2006). "Genetic and environmental influences on academic achievement trajectories during adolescence". Developmental Psychology. 42 (3): 514–532. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.514. ISSN1939-0599. PMID16756442.
↑ Johnson, Wendy; Bouchard, Thomas J.; McGue, Matt; Segal, Nancy L.; Tellegen, Auke; Keyes, Margaret; Gottesman, Irving I. (2007-11-01). "Genetic and environmental influences on the Verbal-Perceptual-Image Rotation (VPR) model of the structure of mental abilities in the Minnesota study of twins reared apart". Intelligence. 35 (6): 542–562. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.10.003. ISSN0160-2896.
↑ Johnson, Wendy; Bouchard, Thomas J.; Krueger, Robert F.; McGue, Matt; Gottesman, Irving I. (2004). "Just one g: consistent results from three test batteries". Intelligence. 32 (1): 95–107. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(03)00062-X. ISSN0160-2896.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.